The Experts below are selected from a list of 312 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Peter Beigl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • municipal solid waste generation in municipalities quantifying impacts of household structure commercial waste and Domestic Fuel
    Waste Management, 2011
    Co-Authors: Sandra Lebersorger, Peter Beigl
    Abstract:

    Abstract Waste management planning requires reliable data concerning waste generation, influencing factors on waste generation and forecasts of waste quantities based on facts. This paper aims at identifying and quantifying differences between different municipalities’ municipal solid waste (MSW) collection quantities based on data from waste management and on socio-economic indicators. A large set of 116 indicators from 542 municipalities in the Province of Styria was investigated. The resulting regression model included municipal tax revenue per capita, household size and the percentage of buildings with solid Fuel heating systems. The model explains 74.3% of the MSW variation and the model assumptions are met. Other factors such as tourism, home composting or age distribution of the population did not significantly improve the model. According to the model, 21% of MSW collected in Styria was commercial waste and 18% of the generated MSW was burned in Domestic heating systems. While the percentage of commercial waste is consistent with literature data, practically no literature data are available for the quantity of MSW burned, which seems to be overestimated by the model. The resulting regression model was used as basis for a waste prognosis model (Beigl and Lebersorger, in preparation).

  • Municipal solid waste generation in municipalities: Quantifying impacts of household structure, commercial waste and Domestic Fuel
    Waste Management, 2011
    Co-Authors: Sandra Lebersorger, Peter Beigl
    Abstract:

    Waste management planning requires reliable data concerning waste generation, influencing factors on waste generation and forecasts of waste quantities based on facts. This paper aims at identifying and quantifying differences between different municipalities' municipal solid waste (MSW) collection quantities based on data from waste management and on socio-economic indicators. A large set of 116 indicators from 542 municipalities in the Province of Styria was investigated. The resulting regression model included municipal tax revenue per capita, household size and the percentage of buildings with solid Fuel heating systems. The model explains 74.3% of the MSW variation and the model assumptions are met. Other factors such as tourism, home composting or age distribution of the population did not significantly improve the model. According to the model, 21% of MSW collected in Styria was commercial waste and 18% of the generated MSW was burned in Domestic heating systems. While the percentage of commercial waste is consistent with literature data, practically no literature data are available for the quantity of MSW burned, which seems to be overestimated by the model. The resulting regression model was used as basis for a waste prognosis model (Beigl and Lebersorger, in preparation). ?? 2011 Elsevier Ltd.

Sandra Lebersorger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • municipal solid waste generation in municipalities quantifying impacts of household structure commercial waste and Domestic Fuel
    Waste Management, 2011
    Co-Authors: Sandra Lebersorger, Peter Beigl
    Abstract:

    Abstract Waste management planning requires reliable data concerning waste generation, influencing factors on waste generation and forecasts of waste quantities based on facts. This paper aims at identifying and quantifying differences between different municipalities’ municipal solid waste (MSW) collection quantities based on data from waste management and on socio-economic indicators. A large set of 116 indicators from 542 municipalities in the Province of Styria was investigated. The resulting regression model included municipal tax revenue per capita, household size and the percentage of buildings with solid Fuel heating systems. The model explains 74.3% of the MSW variation and the model assumptions are met. Other factors such as tourism, home composting or age distribution of the population did not significantly improve the model. According to the model, 21% of MSW collected in Styria was commercial waste and 18% of the generated MSW was burned in Domestic heating systems. While the percentage of commercial waste is consistent with literature data, practically no literature data are available for the quantity of MSW burned, which seems to be overestimated by the model. The resulting regression model was used as basis for a waste prognosis model (Beigl and Lebersorger, in preparation).

  • Municipal solid waste generation in municipalities: Quantifying impacts of household structure, commercial waste and Domestic Fuel
    Waste Management, 2011
    Co-Authors: Sandra Lebersorger, Peter Beigl
    Abstract:

    Waste management planning requires reliable data concerning waste generation, influencing factors on waste generation and forecasts of waste quantities based on facts. This paper aims at identifying and quantifying differences between different municipalities' municipal solid waste (MSW) collection quantities based on data from waste management and on socio-economic indicators. A large set of 116 indicators from 542 municipalities in the Province of Styria was investigated. The resulting regression model included municipal tax revenue per capita, household size and the percentage of buildings with solid Fuel heating systems. The model explains 74.3% of the MSW variation and the model assumptions are met. Other factors such as tourism, home composting or age distribution of the population did not significantly improve the model. According to the model, 21% of MSW collected in Styria was commercial waste and 18% of the generated MSW was burned in Domestic heating systems. While the percentage of commercial waste is consistent with literature data, practically no literature data are available for the quantity of MSW burned, which seems to be overestimated by the model. The resulting regression model was used as basis for a waste prognosis model (Beigl and Lebersorger, in preparation). ?? 2011 Elsevier Ltd.

Jean Koulidiati - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Study of droplet vaporization of various vegetable oils and blends of Domestic Fuel oil-cottonseed oil under different ambient temperature conditions
    Biomass & Bioenergy, 2012
    Co-Authors: T. Daho, O Sanogo, G. Vaitilingom, Salifou K. Ouiminga, B.g. Segda, Jérémy Valette, Pascal Higelin, Jean Koulidiati
    Abstract:

    In this work, the evaporation characteristics of different pure vegetable oils (cottonseed oil, jatropha oil, and rapeseed oil), Domestic Fuel oil (DFO) and blends of Domestic Fuel oil and cottonseed oil have been studied using the fibre-suspended droplet evaporation technique. The constants of evaporation of pure products were determined as well as the influence of the proportion of DFO fraction on the mechanisms of vaporization process of cottonseed oil in the temperature range of 578 K-917 K under atmospheric pressure. The results show that the DFO evaporates completely in the range of temperatures considered in contrast to vegetable oils that vaporize completely only for temperatures higher than or equal to 773 K. Above 873 K, the behaviour of vegetable oils becomes similar to a single component product and the d(2) law is respected. At a given temperatures range, constants of evaporation of the three vegetable oils are of the same order of magnitude. The results also show that blends of cottonseed oil and DFO vaporize following a sequential distillation mechanism: DFO is evaporating first, followed by a transient phase, and then cottonseed oil vaporizes following the same trends than observed for pure vegetable oils. For low percentages of cottonseed oil (

  • study of droplet vaporization of various vegetable oils and blends of Domestic Fuel oil cottonseed oil under different ambient temperature conditions
    Biomass & Bioenergy, 2012
    Co-Authors: T. Daho, O Sanogo, G. Vaitilingom, Salifou K. Ouiminga, B.g. Segda, Jérémy Valette, Pascal Higelin, Jean Koulidiati
    Abstract:

    In this work, the evaporation characteristics of different pure vegetable oils (cottonseed oil, jatropha oil, and rapeseed oil), Domestic Fuel oil (DFO) and blends of Domestic Fuel oil and cottonseed oil have been studied using the fibre-suspended droplet evaporation technique. The constants of evaporation of pure products were determined as well as the influence of the proportion of DFO fraction on the mechanisms of vaporization process of cottonseed oil in the temperature range of 578 K-917 K under atmospheric pressure. The results show that the DFO evaporates completely in the range of temperatures considered in contrast to vegetable oils that vaporize completely only for temperatures higher than or equal to 773 K. Above 873 K, the behaviour of vegetable oils becomes similar to a single component product and the d(2) law is respected. At a given temperatures range, constants of evaporation of the three vegetable oils are of the same order of magnitude. The results also show that blends of cottonseed oil and DFO vaporize following a sequential distillation mechanism: DFO is evaporating first, followed by a transient phase, and then cottonseed oil vaporizes following the same trends than observed for pure vegetable oils. For low percentages of cottonseed oil (<= 40%) in the mixture, formation of bubbles can be observed at the end of the process at 684 K. When the concentration of vegetable oil in the droplet increases, the mechanism of pure diffusion becomes predominant. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

T. Daho - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • study of droplet vaporization of various vegetable oils and blends of Domestic Fuel oil cottonseed oil under different ambient temperature conditions
    Biomass & Bioenergy, 2012
    Co-Authors: T. Daho, O Sanogo, G. Vaitilingom, Salifou K. Ouiminga, B.g. Segda, Jérémy Valette, Pascal Higelin, Jean Koulidiati
    Abstract:

    In this work, the evaporation characteristics of different pure vegetable oils (cottonseed oil, jatropha oil, and rapeseed oil), Domestic Fuel oil (DFO) and blends of Domestic Fuel oil and cottonseed oil have been studied using the fibre-suspended droplet evaporation technique. The constants of evaporation of pure products were determined as well as the influence of the proportion of DFO fraction on the mechanisms of vaporization process of cottonseed oil in the temperature range of 578 K-917 K under atmospheric pressure. The results show that the DFO evaporates completely in the range of temperatures considered in contrast to vegetable oils that vaporize completely only for temperatures higher than or equal to 773 K. Above 873 K, the behaviour of vegetable oils becomes similar to a single component product and the d(2) law is respected. At a given temperatures range, constants of evaporation of the three vegetable oils are of the same order of magnitude. The results also show that blends of cottonseed oil and DFO vaporize following a sequential distillation mechanism: DFO is evaporating first, followed by a transient phase, and then cottonseed oil vaporizes following the same trends than observed for pure vegetable oils. For low percentages of cottonseed oil (<= 40%) in the mixture, formation of bubbles can be observed at the end of the process at 684 K. When the concentration of vegetable oil in the droplet increases, the mechanism of pure diffusion becomes predominant. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • Study of droplet vaporization of various vegetable oils and blends of Domestic Fuel oil-cottonseed oil under different ambient temperature conditions
    Biomass & Bioenergy, 2012
    Co-Authors: T. Daho, O Sanogo, G. Vaitilingom, Salifou K. Ouiminga, B.g. Segda, Jérémy Valette, Pascal Higelin, Jean Koulidiati
    Abstract:

    In this work, the evaporation characteristics of different pure vegetable oils (cottonseed oil, jatropha oil, and rapeseed oil), Domestic Fuel oil (DFO) and blends of Domestic Fuel oil and cottonseed oil have been studied using the fibre-suspended droplet evaporation technique. The constants of evaporation of pure products were determined as well as the influence of the proportion of DFO fraction on the mechanisms of vaporization process of cottonseed oil in the temperature range of 578 K-917 K under atmospheric pressure. The results show that the DFO evaporates completely in the range of temperatures considered in contrast to vegetable oils that vaporize completely only for temperatures higher than or equal to 773 K. Above 873 K, the behaviour of vegetable oils becomes similar to a single component product and the d(2) law is respected. At a given temperatures range, constants of evaporation of the three vegetable oils are of the same order of magnitude. The results also show that blends of cottonseed oil and DFO vaporize following a sequential distillation mechanism: DFO is evaporating first, followed by a transient phase, and then cottonseed oil vaporizes following the same trends than observed for pure vegetable oils. For low percentages of cottonseed oil (

  • Optimization of the combustion of blends of Domestic Fuel oil and cottonseed oil in a non-modified Domestic boiler
    Fuel, 2009
    Co-Authors: T. Daho, G. Vaitilingom, O Sanogo
    Abstract:

    This study characterizes combustion of blends of DFO (Domestic Fuel–oil) and refined cottonseed oil produced in Burkina Faso at different percentages in a non-modified DFO burner by determining its overall performance (consumption and thermal capacity) and gas emissions (CO, CO2, O2, NO, NOx, SO2). The physical and chemical characteristics of the different blends confer on each blend the status of a special Fuel requiring specific adjustment of the burner. The influence of combustion parameters such as equivalence ratio and Fuel pressure is studied. Results show that emissions of CO, NOx and CO2 are similar for all Fuel blends at the operating point corresponding to 0.86 equivalence ratio and 20bars Fuel pressure. Whatever the Fuel pressure is, SO2 emission is increasing with DFO percentage in blends. Experimental emission results obtained with suitable adjustments for a blend containing 30% cottonseed oil and 70% DFO are compared to the calculated results obtained using a combustion equation based on a global chemical mechanism. The results show that there is a satisfactory match between the calculation and experimental results.

Iain Staffell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the cost of Domestic Fuel cell micro chp systems
    International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2013
    Co-Authors: Iain Staffell, R. Green
    Abstract:

    Abstract Numerous academic and industrial estimates place the cost of future mass-produced small stationary Fuel cell systems at around $1000 per kW, which compares well with targets set by agencies such as the US Department of Energy. Actual sale prices do not fit so neatly with these targets, and are currently 25–50 times higher even though mass production began three years ago. This paper explores the void between academic projections and commercial reality. It presents a systematic review of cost data from manufacturers in Europe, Asia and the US, along with near-term projections from manufacturers and other relevant organisations. Using these data, the potential for cost reductions through industry scale-up and learning by doing are quantified. The minimum feasible price of a typical 1 kW natural gas combined heat and power system is then estimated from industry data. Based on the findings, even a heroic effort by industry is unlikely to reduce the price of small Domestic-scale systems to the $1000/kW mark. By aligning the scope and boundaries of cost estimates with the realities of Domestic microgeneration systems, we show that a long-term target of $3000–5000 for 1–2 kW systems is more realistic, and could feasibly be attained by 2020 at the current rate of progress.

  • The cost of Domestic Fuel cell micro-CHP systems
    International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2013
    Co-Authors: Iain Staffell, R. Green
    Abstract:

    Numerous academic and industrial estimates place the cost of future mass-produced small stationary Fuel cell systems at around $1000 per kW, which compares well with targets set by agencies such as the US Department of Energy. Actual sale prices do not fit so neatly with these targets, and are currently 25-50 times higher even though mass production began three years ago. This paper explores the void between academic projections and commercial reality. It presents a systematic review of cost data from manufacturers in Europe, Asia and the US, along with near-term projections from manufacturers and other relevant organisations. Using these data, the potential for cost reductions through industry scale-up and learning by doing are quantified. The minimum feasible price of a typical 1 kW natural gas combined heat and power system is then estimated from industry data. Based on the findings, even a heroic effort by industry is unlikely to reduce the price of small Domestic-scale systems to the $1000/kW mark. By aligning the scope and boundaries of cost estimates with the realities of Domestic microgeneration systems, we show that a long-term target of $3000-5000 for 1-2 kW systems is more realistic, and could feasibly be attained by 2020 at the current rate of progress.Copyright © 2012, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights.

  • cost targets for Domestic Fuel cell chp
    Journal of Power Sources, 2008
    Co-Authors: Iain Staffell, R. Green, Kevin Kendall
    Abstract:

    Abstract Fuel cells have the potential to reduce Domestic energy bills by providing both heat and power at the point of use, generating high value electricity from a low cost Fuel. However, the cost of installing the Fuel cell must be sufficiently low to be recovered by the savings made over its lifetime. A computer simulation is used to estimate the savings and cost targets for Fuel cell CHP systems. Two pitfalls of this kind of simulation are addressed: the selection of representative performance figures for Fuel cells, and the range of houses from which energy demand data was taken. A meta-study of the current state of the art is presented, and used with 102 house-years of demand to simulate the range of economic performance expected from four Fuel cell technologies within the UK Domestic CHP market. Annual savings relative to a condensing boiler are estimated at €170–300 for a 1 kWe Fuel cell, giving a target cost of €350–625 kW−1 for any Fuel cell technology that can demonstrate a 2.5-year lifetime. Increasing lifetime and reducing Fuel cell capacity are identified as routes to accelerated market entry. The importance of energy demand is seen to outweigh both economic and technical performance assumptions, while manufacture cost and system lifetime are highlighted as the only significant differences between the technologies considered. SOFC are considered to have the greatest potential, but uncertainty in the assumptions used precludes any clear-cut judgement.

  • Cost targets for Domestic Fuel cell CHP
    Journal of Power Sources, 2008
    Co-Authors: Iain Staffell, R. Green, Kevin Kendall
    Abstract:

    Fuel cells have the potential to reduce Domestic energy bills by providing both heat and power at the point of use, generating high value electricity from a low cost Fuel. However, the cost of installing the Fuel cell must be sufficiently low to be recovered by the savings made over its lifetime. A computer simulation is used to estimate the savings and cost targets for Fuel cell CHP systems. Two pitfalls of this kind of simulation are addressed: the selection of representative performance figures for Fuel cells, and the range of houses from which energy demand data was taken. A meta-study of the current state of the art is presented, and used with 102 house-years of demand to simulate the range of economic performance expected from four Fuel cell technologies within the UK Domestic CHP market. Annual savings relative to a condensing boiler are estimated at ???170-300 for a 1 kWe Fuel cell, giving a target cost of ???350-625 kW-1 for any Fuel cell technology that can demonstrate a 2.5-year lifetime. Increasing lifetime and reducing Fuel cell capacity are identified as routes to accelerated market entry. The importance of energy demand is seen to outweigh both economic and technical performance assumptions, while manufacture cost and system lifetime are highlighted as the only significant differences between the technologies considered. SOFC are considered to have the greatest potential, but uncertainty in the assumptions used precludes any clear-cut judgement. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.