The Experts below are selected from a list of 79041 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

James Lennox - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • approximation and regional aggregation in multi regional input output analysis for national carbon footprint accounting
    Economic Systems Research, 2009
    Co-Authors: Robbie M. Andrew, Glen P. Peters, James Lennox
    Abstract:

    Multi-regional input-output (MRIO) analysis has been widely used to quantify the global environmental impacts (e.g. energy use, greenhouse gas emissions, water use) embodied in consumption and international trade. Often, analysts have used approximations to a full global MRIO model; however, without access to a full MRIO model the approximation errors are unknown. In this paper we use an MRIO model based on the dataset provided by the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) to quantify the errors introduced by various approximations of the full MRIO model. We find that emissions embodied in imports contribute an average 40% of the total emissions embodied in countries' final demands. For the emissions embodied in imports, we find: (a) that the unidirectional trade model gives a good approximation to the full MRIO model when the number of regions in the model is small; (b) that including only the most important trade partner in terms of emissions embodied in imports can substantially improve the accuracy of estimates; and (c) that a world-average input-output table often provides a good representation of the aggregate 'rest of world' economy. Finally, assuming that imports are produced with Domestic Technology (Domestic Technology Assumption, DTA) in an MRIO model can introduce significant errors and requires careful validation before results are used. However, the DTA generally produces better estimates than ignoring imports altogether.

  • APPROXIMATION AND REGIONAL AGGREGATION IN MULTI-REGIONAL INPUT-OUTPUT ANALYSIS FOR NATIONAL CARBON FOOTPRINT ACCOUNTING
    2026
    Co-Authors: Robbie Andrew, Glen Peters, James Lennox
    Abstract:

    Multi-regional input-output (MRIO) analysis has been widely used to quantify the global environmental impacts (e.g. energy use, greenhouse gas emissions, water use) embodied in consumption and international trade. Often, analysts have used approximations to a full global MRIO model; however, without access to a full MRIO model the approximation errors are unknown. In this paper we use an MRIO model based on the dataset provided by the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) to quantify the errors introduced by various approximations of the full MRIO model. We find that emissions embodied in imports contribute an average 40% of the total emissions embodied in countries' final demands. For the emissions embodied in imports, we find: (a) that the unidirectional trade model gives a good approximation to the full MRIO model when the number of regions in the model is small; (b) that including only the most important trade partner in terms of emissions embodied in imports can substantially improve the accuracy of estimates; and (c) that a world-average input-output table often provides a good representation of the aggregate 'rest of world' economy. Finally, assuming that imports are produced with Domestic Technology (Domestic Technology Assumption, DTA) in an MRIO model can introduce significant errors and requires careful validation before results are used. However, the DTA generally produces better estimates than ignoring imports altogether.Input-output analysis, Carbon footprint, Approximation, Trade and environment,

Daniel P Gross - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • inventing the endless frontier the effects of the world war ii research effort on post war innovation
    Social Science Research Network, 2020
    Co-Authors: Daniel P Gross, Bhaven N Sampat
    Abstract:

    During World War II, the U.S. government launched an unprecedented effort to mobilize science for war: the newly-established Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) entered thousands of R&D contracts with industrial and academic contractors, spending one to two orders of magnitude more than what the government was previously investing in science. In this paper, we study the long-run effects of the OSRD-supported research effort on U.S. invention. Using data on all OSRD contracts, we show that these investments had large effects on the direction and location of U.S. invention and high-tech industrial employment, setting in motion agglomeration forces which shaped the Technology clusters of the postwar era. Our results demonstrate the effects of a large, mission-driven government R&D program on the growth of Domestic Technology clusters and long-run technological progress. Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.

  • inventing the endless frontier the effects of the world war ii research effort on post war innovation
    National Bureau of Economic Research, 2020
    Co-Authors: Daniel P Gross, Bhaven N Sampat
    Abstract:

    During World War II, the U.S. government launched an unprecedented effort to mobilize science for war: the newly-established Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) entered thousands of R&D contracts with industrial and academic contractors, spending one to two orders of magnitude more than what the government was previously investing in science. In this paper, we study the long-run effects of the OSRD-supported research effort on U.S. invention. Using data on all OSRD contracts, we show that these investments had large effects on the direction and location of U.S. invention and high-tech industrial employment, setting in motion agglomeration forces which shaped the Technology clusters of the postwar era. Our results demonstrate the effects of a large, mission-driven government R&D program on the growth of Domestic Technology clusters and long-run technological progress.

Bhaven N Sampat - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • inventing the endless frontier the effects of the world war ii research effort on post war innovation
    Social Science Research Network, 2020
    Co-Authors: Daniel P Gross, Bhaven N Sampat
    Abstract:

    During World War II, the U.S. government launched an unprecedented effort to mobilize science for war: the newly-established Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) entered thousands of R&D contracts with industrial and academic contractors, spending one to two orders of magnitude more than what the government was previously investing in science. In this paper, we study the long-run effects of the OSRD-supported research effort on U.S. invention. Using data on all OSRD contracts, we show that these investments had large effects on the direction and location of U.S. invention and high-tech industrial employment, setting in motion agglomeration forces which shaped the Technology clusters of the postwar era. Our results demonstrate the effects of a large, mission-driven government R&D program on the growth of Domestic Technology clusters and long-run technological progress. Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.

  • inventing the endless frontier the effects of the world war ii research effort on post war innovation
    National Bureau of Economic Research, 2020
    Co-Authors: Daniel P Gross, Bhaven N Sampat
    Abstract:

    During World War II, the U.S. government launched an unprecedented effort to mobilize science for war: the newly-established Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) entered thousands of R&D contracts with industrial and academic contractors, spending one to two orders of magnitude more than what the government was previously investing in science. In this paper, we study the long-run effects of the OSRD-supported research effort on U.S. invention. Using data on all OSRD contracts, we show that these investments had large effects on the direction and location of U.S. invention and high-tech industrial employment, setting in motion agglomeration forces which shaped the Technology clusters of the postwar era. Our results demonstrate the effects of a large, mission-driven government R&D program on the growth of Domestic Technology clusters and long-run technological progress.

Robbie M. Andrew - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • approximation and regional aggregation in multi regional input output analysis for national carbon footprint accounting
    Economic Systems Research, 2009
    Co-Authors: Robbie M. Andrew, Glen P. Peters, James Lennox
    Abstract:

    Multi-regional input-output (MRIO) analysis has been widely used to quantify the global environmental impacts (e.g. energy use, greenhouse gas emissions, water use) embodied in consumption and international trade. Often, analysts have used approximations to a full global MRIO model; however, without access to a full MRIO model the approximation errors are unknown. In this paper we use an MRIO model based on the dataset provided by the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) to quantify the errors introduced by various approximations of the full MRIO model. We find that emissions embodied in imports contribute an average 40% of the total emissions embodied in countries' final demands. For the emissions embodied in imports, we find: (a) that the unidirectional trade model gives a good approximation to the full MRIO model when the number of regions in the model is small; (b) that including only the most important trade partner in terms of emissions embodied in imports can substantially improve the accuracy of estimates; and (c) that a world-average input-output table often provides a good representation of the aggregate 'rest of world' economy. Finally, assuming that imports are produced with Domestic Technology (Domestic Technology Assumption, DTA) in an MRIO model can introduce significant errors and requires careful validation before results are used. However, the DTA generally produces better estimates than ignoring imports altogether.

Glen P. Peters - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • approximation and regional aggregation in multi regional input output analysis for national carbon footprint accounting
    Economic Systems Research, 2009
    Co-Authors: Robbie M. Andrew, Glen P. Peters, James Lennox
    Abstract:

    Multi-regional input-output (MRIO) analysis has been widely used to quantify the global environmental impacts (e.g. energy use, greenhouse gas emissions, water use) embodied in consumption and international trade. Often, analysts have used approximations to a full global MRIO model; however, without access to a full MRIO model the approximation errors are unknown. In this paper we use an MRIO model based on the dataset provided by the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) to quantify the errors introduced by various approximations of the full MRIO model. We find that emissions embodied in imports contribute an average 40% of the total emissions embodied in countries' final demands. For the emissions embodied in imports, we find: (a) that the unidirectional trade model gives a good approximation to the full MRIO model when the number of regions in the model is small; (b) that including only the most important trade partner in terms of emissions embodied in imports can substantially improve the accuracy of estimates; and (c) that a world-average input-output table often provides a good representation of the aggregate 'rest of world' economy. Finally, assuming that imports are produced with Domestic Technology (Domestic Technology Assumption, DTA) in an MRIO model can introduce significant errors and requires careful validation before results are used. However, the DTA generally produces better estimates than ignoring imports altogether.