The Experts below are selected from a list of 6309 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jeffrey G Williamson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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did muhammad ali foster industrialization in early nineteenth century egypt
The Economic History Review, 2015Co-Authors: Laura Panza, Jeffrey G WilliamsonAbstract:Muhammad Ali, who ruled Egypt between 1805 and 1849, intervened in Egyptian markets in an attempt to foster industrialization, especially between 1812 and 1840. Like a modern marketing board, the state purchased agricultural commodities (cotton and wheat) at low prices and sold them on world markets at much higher prices, a policy equivalent to an export tax. Ali also replaced tax farming with his own land taxes. The revenues so derived were used in part to finance manufacturing investment and to build irrigation canals. In addition, Ali supplied flax and cotton at those cheap purchase prices to Domestic Textile manufacturing, thus subsidizing the industry. He also used non-tariff barriers to exclude foreign competition from Domestic markets. Were Ali's state-led policies successful in fostering industry? The answer is no easier to extract from this phase of Egyptian history than from that of other poor countries at that time. This is because Egypt faced the same terms of trade boom typical of most poor commodity exporters, which was causing de-industrialization everywhere else in the poor periphery. Ali picked a very difficult time to pursue his agenda, but we show that his policies were successful.
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did muhammad ali foster industrialization in early nineteenth century egypt
The Economic History Review, 2015Co-Authors: Laura Panza, Jeffrey G WilliamsonAbstract:type="main"> Muhammad Ali, who ruled Egypt between 1805 and 1849, intervened in Egyptian markets in an attempt to foster industrialization, especially between 1812 and 1840. Like a modern marketing board, the state purchased agricultural commodities (cotton and wheat) at low prices and sold them on world markets at much higher prices, a policy equivalent to an export tax. Ali also replaced tax farming with his own land taxes. The revenues so derived were used in part to finance manufacturing investment and to build irrigation canals. In addition, Ali supplied flax and cotton at those cheap purchase prices to Domestic Textile manufacturing, thus subsidizing the industry. He also used non-tariff barriers to exclude foreign competition from Domestic markets. Were Ali's state-led policies successful in fostering industry? The answer is no easier to extract from this phase of Egyptian history than from that of other poor countries at that time. This is because Egypt faced the same terms of trade boom typical of most poor commodity exporters, which was causing de-industrialization everywhere else in the poor periphery. Ali picked a very difficult time to pursue his agenda, but we show that his policies were successful.
Laura Panza - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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did muhammad ali foster industrialization in early nineteenth century egypt
The Economic History Review, 2015Co-Authors: Laura Panza, Jeffrey G WilliamsonAbstract:Muhammad Ali, who ruled Egypt between 1805 and 1849, intervened in Egyptian markets in an attempt to foster industrialization, especially between 1812 and 1840. Like a modern marketing board, the state purchased agricultural commodities (cotton and wheat) at low prices and sold them on world markets at much higher prices, a policy equivalent to an export tax. Ali also replaced tax farming with his own land taxes. The revenues so derived were used in part to finance manufacturing investment and to build irrigation canals. In addition, Ali supplied flax and cotton at those cheap purchase prices to Domestic Textile manufacturing, thus subsidizing the industry. He also used non-tariff barriers to exclude foreign competition from Domestic markets. Were Ali's state-led policies successful in fostering industry? The answer is no easier to extract from this phase of Egyptian history than from that of other poor countries at that time. This is because Egypt faced the same terms of trade boom typical of most poor commodity exporters, which was causing de-industrialization everywhere else in the poor periphery. Ali picked a very difficult time to pursue his agenda, but we show that his policies were successful.
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did muhammad ali foster industrialization in early nineteenth century egypt
The Economic History Review, 2015Co-Authors: Laura Panza, Jeffrey G WilliamsonAbstract:type="main"> Muhammad Ali, who ruled Egypt between 1805 and 1849, intervened in Egyptian markets in an attempt to foster industrialization, especially between 1812 and 1840. Like a modern marketing board, the state purchased agricultural commodities (cotton and wheat) at low prices and sold them on world markets at much higher prices, a policy equivalent to an export tax. Ali also replaced tax farming with his own land taxes. The revenues so derived were used in part to finance manufacturing investment and to build irrigation canals. In addition, Ali supplied flax and cotton at those cheap purchase prices to Domestic Textile manufacturing, thus subsidizing the industry. He also used non-tariff barriers to exclude foreign competition from Domestic markets. Were Ali's state-led policies successful in fostering industry? The answer is no easier to extract from this phase of Egyptian history than from that of other poor countries at that time. This is because Egypt faced the same terms of trade boom typical of most poor commodity exporters, which was causing de-industrialization everywhere else in the poor periphery. Ali picked a very difficult time to pursue his agenda, but we show that his policies were successful.
Denise M Mitrano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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microplastic fibre releases from industrial wastewater effluent a Textile wet processing mill in china
Environmental Chemistry, 2021Co-Authors: Carmen K M Chan, Curie Park, King Ming Chan, Daniel C W Mak, James K H Fang, Denise M MitranoAbstract:Environmental context Microplastic fibres (MPFs) released from Textiles are routinely found throughout the environment as an indicator of human impacts. The presence of MPFs in industrial wastewater effluents shows that attention should be placed not only on Domestic release but also on the upstream processes of Textile production. In the context of global MPF release, the ability to target and treat industrial effluents may significantly reduce a potentially major point source. Abstract Microplastic fibres (MPFs) released from Textiles are routinely found throughout the environment indicating human impacts on natural systems. The most common release pathway to the environment investigated are Domestic Textile laundering, transport through and retention in municipal wastewater treatment plants and subsequent application of processed sludge onto agricultural fields as soil amendment. A less-studied but potentially equally relevant source is releases further upstream in the Textile production chain such as industrial wastewater effluents from Textile processing mills. In this context, industrial wastewater from a typical Textile wet-processing mill in China was sampled to estimate MPF release. Effluent was sampled and MPF fibre number and length were quantified by stereomicroscope. An average of 361.6 ± 24.5 MPFs L−1 was identified in the mill effluent. MPF length was highly variable, yet 92 % of all fibres were shorter than 1000 µm. Additionally, the sampling strategy was used to identify the optimal volume necessary to adequately subsample the effluent. We found that total fibre counts were linearly correlated with sample volumes between 1 and 10 L, but a sampling volume of 5 L is suggested for good reproducibility, low standard deviation and ease of working volume. The significant abundance of MPFs in the industrial wastewater effluent emphasises that not only should attention be placed on Domestic releases, but the production stage of Textiles can also be responsible for MPF pollution. The ability to target and treat industrial effluents may significantly reduce a potentially major point source.
Daniel C W Mak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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microplastic fibre releases from industrial wastewater effluent a Textile wet processing mill in china
Environmental Chemistry, 2021Co-Authors: Carmen K M Chan, Curie Park, King Ming Chan, Daniel C W Mak, James K H Fang, Denise M MitranoAbstract:Environmental context Microplastic fibres (MPFs) released from Textiles are routinely found throughout the environment as an indicator of human impacts. The presence of MPFs in industrial wastewater effluents shows that attention should be placed not only on Domestic release but also on the upstream processes of Textile production. In the context of global MPF release, the ability to target and treat industrial effluents may significantly reduce a potentially major point source. Abstract Microplastic fibres (MPFs) released from Textiles are routinely found throughout the environment indicating human impacts on natural systems. The most common release pathway to the environment investigated are Domestic Textile laundering, transport through and retention in municipal wastewater treatment plants and subsequent application of processed sludge onto agricultural fields as soil amendment. A less-studied but potentially equally relevant source is releases further upstream in the Textile production chain such as industrial wastewater effluents from Textile processing mills. In this context, industrial wastewater from a typical Textile wet-processing mill in China was sampled to estimate MPF release. Effluent was sampled and MPF fibre number and length were quantified by stereomicroscope. An average of 361.6 ± 24.5 MPFs L−1 was identified in the mill effluent. MPF length was highly variable, yet 92 % of all fibres were shorter than 1000 µm. Additionally, the sampling strategy was used to identify the optimal volume necessary to adequately subsample the effluent. We found that total fibre counts were linearly correlated with sample volumes between 1 and 10 L, but a sampling volume of 5 L is suggested for good reproducibility, low standard deviation and ease of working volume. The significant abundance of MPFs in the industrial wastewater effluent emphasises that not only should attention be placed on Domestic releases, but the production stage of Textiles can also be responsible for MPF pollution. The ability to target and treat industrial effluents may significantly reduce a potentially major point source.
T G Anderson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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proto industrialization sharecropping and outmigration in nineteenth century rural westphalia
The Journal of Peasant Studies, 2001Co-Authors: T G AndersonAbstract:This article examines proto-industrialization and the social relations of production in a rural parish in eastern Westphalia that experienced large-scale outmigration to the American Midwest in the mid-nineteenth century. Relying on local and individual-level Prussian tax and emigration records, the study identifies and analyses the socio-economic background of the migrant cohort in terms of proto-industrial activity and peasant economy. Preceded by the downfall of Domestic Textile industries due to British industrial competition, outmigration was highly selective, drawing individuals from specific socio-economic niches. Landless sharecroppers - linked by debt and labour obligations to better-off peasants and landlords - were underrepresented in the migration, while smallholding peasants and day-labourers - 'free' to commodify their labour power through the sale of home-produced Textile products or seasonal migratory labour - were overrepresented. The findings of the study have implications for an underst...