The Experts below are selected from a list of 126 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Joseph Terkel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Social stress in neighboring and encountering blind mole-rats (Spalax ehrenbergi)
Physiology & Behavior, 1998Co-Authors: Ido Zuri, A. Gottreich, Joseph TerkelAbstract:Abstract I. ZURI, A. GOTTREICH AND J. TERKEL. Social stress in neighboring and encountering blind mole-rats (Spalax ehrenbergi). PHYSIOL BEHAV 64(5) 611–620, 1998.—Blind mole-rats (Spalax ehrenbergi) are solitary aggressive subterranean rodents. They inhabit individual territories, comprised of branched tunnels. Each such tunnel system is completely separate from that of any neighboring mole-rat. Although intraspecific encounters between neighbors are infrequent, when they do occur, they may result in the injury or death of one or both animals. Avoidance of encounters may be due to the awareness of a neighbor’s whereabouts through scent-marking and/or seismic (vibratory) communication. The present study was intended to examine whether encounters between individual mole-rats result in physiological stress. Two experimental conditions were designed to simulate natural situations: a brief encounter between two neighboring mole-rats, taking place either once or several times and long-term residency of neighbors whose only contact was either vibratory or vibratory plus odor communication. Blood samples were taken before, during, and after encounters in the first experiment and at set intervals in the second. The blood variables measured were blood glucose levels (BGL) and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (N/L). Blood glucose levels and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio ratios increased in both members of encountering pairs. Long-term residency with a neighbor resulted in the establishment of a Dominant-Subordinate Relationship through vibratory communication only, with increased neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio ratio in the subordinate males. However, long-term residency of males exposed to both vibrations and odors of neighboring males resulted in the death of both individuals. It seems that brief direct encounters and long-term neighboring conditions without physical contact are sufficient to cause severe stress to mole-rats. It is possible that in the wild, in some situations in which neighboring mole-rats cannot avoid constant exposure to each other’s vibratory and odor signals, the consequent extensive stress may result in death.
-
Social stress in neighboring and encountering blind mole-rats (Spalax ehrenbergi)
Physiology & behavior, 1998Co-Authors: Ido Zuri, A. Gottreich, Joseph TerkelAbstract:Blind mole-rats (Spalax ehrenbergi) are solitary aggressive subterranean rodents. They inhabit individual territories, comprised of branched tunnels. Each such tunnel system is completely separate from that of any neighboring mole-rat. Although intraspecific encounters between neighbors are infrequent, when they do occur, they may result in the injury or death of one or both animals. Avoidance of encounters may be due to the awareness of a neighbor's whereabouts through scent-marking and/or seismic (vibratory) communication. The present study was intended to examine whether encounters between individual mole-rats result in physiological stress. Two experimental conditions were designed to simulate natural situations: a brief encounter between two neighboring mole-rats, taking place either once or several times and long-term residency of neighbors whose only contact was either vibratory or vibratory plus odor communication. Blood samples were taken before, during, and after encounters in the first experiment and at set intervals in the second. The blood variables measured were blood glucose levels (BGL) and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (N/L). Blood glucose levels and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio ratios increased in both members of encountering pairs. Long-term residency with a neighbor resulted in the establishment of a Dominant-Subordinate Relationship through vibratory communication only, with increased neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio ratio in the subordinate males. However, long-term residency of males exposed to both vibrations and odors of neighboring males resulted in the death of both individuals. It seems that brief direct encounters and long-term neighboring conditions without physical contact are sufficient to cause severe stress to mole-rats. It is possible that in the wild, in some situations in which neighboring mole-rats cannot avoid constant exposure to each other's vibratory and odor signals, the consequent extensive stress may result in death.
Ido Zuri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Social stress in neighboring and encountering blind mole-rats (Spalax ehrenbergi)
Physiology & Behavior, 1998Co-Authors: Ido Zuri, A. Gottreich, Joseph TerkelAbstract:Abstract I. ZURI, A. GOTTREICH AND J. TERKEL. Social stress in neighboring and encountering blind mole-rats (Spalax ehrenbergi). PHYSIOL BEHAV 64(5) 611–620, 1998.—Blind mole-rats (Spalax ehrenbergi) are solitary aggressive subterranean rodents. They inhabit individual territories, comprised of branched tunnels. Each such tunnel system is completely separate from that of any neighboring mole-rat. Although intraspecific encounters between neighbors are infrequent, when they do occur, they may result in the injury or death of one or both animals. Avoidance of encounters may be due to the awareness of a neighbor’s whereabouts through scent-marking and/or seismic (vibratory) communication. The present study was intended to examine whether encounters between individual mole-rats result in physiological stress. Two experimental conditions were designed to simulate natural situations: a brief encounter between two neighboring mole-rats, taking place either once or several times and long-term residency of neighbors whose only contact was either vibratory or vibratory plus odor communication. Blood samples were taken before, during, and after encounters in the first experiment and at set intervals in the second. The blood variables measured were blood glucose levels (BGL) and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (N/L). Blood glucose levels and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio ratios increased in both members of encountering pairs. Long-term residency with a neighbor resulted in the establishment of a Dominant-Subordinate Relationship through vibratory communication only, with increased neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio ratio in the subordinate males. However, long-term residency of males exposed to both vibrations and odors of neighboring males resulted in the death of both individuals. It seems that brief direct encounters and long-term neighboring conditions without physical contact are sufficient to cause severe stress to mole-rats. It is possible that in the wild, in some situations in which neighboring mole-rats cannot avoid constant exposure to each other’s vibratory and odor signals, the consequent extensive stress may result in death.
-
Social stress in neighboring and encountering blind mole-rats (Spalax ehrenbergi)
Physiology & behavior, 1998Co-Authors: Ido Zuri, A. Gottreich, Joseph TerkelAbstract:Blind mole-rats (Spalax ehrenbergi) are solitary aggressive subterranean rodents. They inhabit individual territories, comprised of branched tunnels. Each such tunnel system is completely separate from that of any neighboring mole-rat. Although intraspecific encounters between neighbors are infrequent, when they do occur, they may result in the injury or death of one or both animals. Avoidance of encounters may be due to the awareness of a neighbor's whereabouts through scent-marking and/or seismic (vibratory) communication. The present study was intended to examine whether encounters between individual mole-rats result in physiological stress. Two experimental conditions were designed to simulate natural situations: a brief encounter between two neighboring mole-rats, taking place either once or several times and long-term residency of neighbors whose only contact was either vibratory or vibratory plus odor communication. Blood samples were taken before, during, and after encounters in the first experiment and at set intervals in the second. The blood variables measured were blood glucose levels (BGL) and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (N/L). Blood glucose levels and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio ratios increased in both members of encountering pairs. Long-term residency with a neighbor resulted in the establishment of a Dominant-Subordinate Relationship through vibratory communication only, with increased neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio ratio in the subordinate males. However, long-term residency of males exposed to both vibrations and odors of neighboring males resulted in the death of both individuals. It seems that brief direct encounters and long-term neighboring conditions without physical contact are sufficient to cause severe stress to mole-rats. It is possible that in the wild, in some situations in which neighboring mole-rats cannot avoid constant exposure to each other's vibratory and odor signals, the consequent extensive stress may result in death.
A. Gottreich - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Social stress in neighboring and encountering blind mole-rats (Spalax ehrenbergi)
Physiology & Behavior, 1998Co-Authors: Ido Zuri, A. Gottreich, Joseph TerkelAbstract:Abstract I. ZURI, A. GOTTREICH AND J. TERKEL. Social stress in neighboring and encountering blind mole-rats (Spalax ehrenbergi). PHYSIOL BEHAV 64(5) 611–620, 1998.—Blind mole-rats (Spalax ehrenbergi) are solitary aggressive subterranean rodents. They inhabit individual territories, comprised of branched tunnels. Each such tunnel system is completely separate from that of any neighboring mole-rat. Although intraspecific encounters between neighbors are infrequent, when they do occur, they may result in the injury or death of one or both animals. Avoidance of encounters may be due to the awareness of a neighbor’s whereabouts through scent-marking and/or seismic (vibratory) communication. The present study was intended to examine whether encounters between individual mole-rats result in physiological stress. Two experimental conditions were designed to simulate natural situations: a brief encounter between two neighboring mole-rats, taking place either once or several times and long-term residency of neighbors whose only contact was either vibratory or vibratory plus odor communication. Blood samples were taken before, during, and after encounters in the first experiment and at set intervals in the second. The blood variables measured were blood glucose levels (BGL) and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (N/L). Blood glucose levels and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio ratios increased in both members of encountering pairs. Long-term residency with a neighbor resulted in the establishment of a Dominant-Subordinate Relationship through vibratory communication only, with increased neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio ratio in the subordinate males. However, long-term residency of males exposed to both vibrations and odors of neighboring males resulted in the death of both individuals. It seems that brief direct encounters and long-term neighboring conditions without physical contact are sufficient to cause severe stress to mole-rats. It is possible that in the wild, in some situations in which neighboring mole-rats cannot avoid constant exposure to each other’s vibratory and odor signals, the consequent extensive stress may result in death.
-
Social stress in neighboring and encountering blind mole-rats (Spalax ehrenbergi)
Physiology & behavior, 1998Co-Authors: Ido Zuri, A. Gottreich, Joseph TerkelAbstract:Blind mole-rats (Spalax ehrenbergi) are solitary aggressive subterranean rodents. They inhabit individual territories, comprised of branched tunnels. Each such tunnel system is completely separate from that of any neighboring mole-rat. Although intraspecific encounters between neighbors are infrequent, when they do occur, they may result in the injury or death of one or both animals. Avoidance of encounters may be due to the awareness of a neighbor's whereabouts through scent-marking and/or seismic (vibratory) communication. The present study was intended to examine whether encounters between individual mole-rats result in physiological stress. Two experimental conditions were designed to simulate natural situations: a brief encounter between two neighboring mole-rats, taking place either once or several times and long-term residency of neighbors whose only contact was either vibratory or vibratory plus odor communication. Blood samples were taken before, during, and after encounters in the first experiment and at set intervals in the second. The blood variables measured were blood glucose levels (BGL) and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (N/L). Blood glucose levels and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio ratios increased in both members of encountering pairs. Long-term residency with a neighbor resulted in the establishment of a Dominant-Subordinate Relationship through vibratory communication only, with increased neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio ratio in the subordinate males. However, long-term residency of males exposed to both vibrations and odors of neighboring males resulted in the death of both individuals. It seems that brief direct encounters and long-term neighboring conditions without physical contact are sufficient to cause severe stress to mole-rats. It is possible that in the wild, in some situations in which neighboring mole-rats cannot avoid constant exposure to each other's vibratory and odor signals, the consequent extensive stress may result in death.
James P Curley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
temporal microstructure of dyadic social behavior during Relationship formation in mice
PLOS ONE, 2019Co-Authors: Won Lee, Neal Bouwman, Pam Farago, James P CurleyAbstract:Socially competent animals must learn to modify their behavior in response to their social partner in a contextually appropriate manner. Dominant-Subordinate Relationships are a particularly salient social context for mice. Here we observe and analyze the microstructure of social and non-social behaviors as 21 pairs of outbred CD-1 male mice (Mus Musculus) establish Dominant-Subordinate Relationships during daily 20-minute interactions for five consecutive days in a neutral environment. Firstly, using a Kleinberg burst detection algorithm, we demonstrate aggressive and subordinate interactions occur in bursting patterns followed by quiescent periods rather than being uniformly distributed across social interactions. Secondly, we identify three phases of Dominant-Subordinate Relationship development (pre-, middle-, and post-resolution) by utilizing two statistical methods to identify stability in aggressive and subordinate behavior across these bursts. Thirdly, using First Order Markov Chains we find that dominant and subordinate mice show distinct behavioral transitions, especially between tail rattling and other aggressive/subordinate behaviors. Further, dominant animals engaged in more digging and allogrooming behavior and were more likely to transition from sniffing their partner's body to head, whereas subordinates were more likely to transition from head sniffing to side-by-side contact. Lastly, we utilized a novel method (Forward Spike Time Tiling Coefficient) to assess how individuals respond to the behaviors of their partner. We found that subordinates decrease their tail rattling and aggressive behavior in response to aggressive but not subordinate behavior exhibited by dominants and that tail rattling in particular may function to deescalate aggressive behavior in pairs. Our findings demonstrate that CD-1 male mice rapidly establish dominance Relationships and modify their social and non-social behaviors according to their current social status. The methods that we detail also provide useful tools for other researchers wishing to evaluate the temporal dynamics of rodent social behavior.
-
temporal microstructure of dyadic social behavior during Relationship formation in mice
bioRxiv, 2019Co-Authors: Won Lee, Neal Bouwman, Pam Farago, James P CurleyAbstract:Abstract Understanding the temporal dynamics of how unfamiliar animals establish Dominant-Subordinate Relationships and learn to modify their behavior in response to their social partner in context-appropriate manners is critical in biomedical research concerning social competence. Here we observe and analyze the microstructure of social and non-social behaviors as 21 pairs of outbred CD-1 male mice (Mus Musculus) establish Dominant-Subordinate Relationships during daily 20-minute interaction for five consecutive days. Using Kleinberg burst detection algorithm, we demonstrate aggressive and subordinate interactions occur in bursting patterns followed by quiescence period rather than in uniformly distributed across social interactions. Further, we identify three phases of Dominant-Subordinate Relationship development (pre-, middle-, and post-resolution) by combining phi-coefficient and difference methods used to determine at which bursting event mice resolve Dominant-Subordinate Relationships. Using First Order Markov Chains within individuals we show dominant and subordinate animals establish significantly different behavioral repertoire once they resolve the Relationships. In both dominant and subordinate mice, the transitions between investigative and agonistic behavior states are not common. Lastly, we introduce Forward Spike Time Tiling Coefficient, the strength of association between the given behavior of one individual with the target behavior of the other individual within a specified time window. With this method, we describe the likelihood of a mouse responding to a behavior with another behavior differ in pre- and post-resolution phases. The data suggest that subordinate mice learn to exhibit subordinate behavior in response to dominant partner’s behaviors while dominant mice become less likely to show subordinate behaviors in response to their partners’ action. Overall, with the tool we present in this study, the data suggest CD-1 male mice are able to establish dominance Relationships and modify their behaviors even to the same social cues under different social contexts competently.
David W Sims - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
shifts in a fish s resource holding power during a contact paired interaction the influence of a copper contaminated diet in rainbow trout
Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, 2005Co-Authors: Hamish A Campbell, R D Handy, David W SimsAbstract:Abstract The influence of sublethal chronic dietary copper (Cu) exposure on the dominant‐subordinate Relationship between pairs of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was examined. Fish were fed either a normal (11 mg Cu kg−1 food) or Cu‐contaminated (721 mg Cu kg−1 food) diet for 8 wk. Paired interactions were observed—control versus control, Cu‐exposed versus Cu‐exposed, and control versus Cu‐exposed fish—using a computer‐aided video tracking system to measure duration of interactions, total distance moved, and the number of encounters during each contest. In concurrence with game theory, each interaction became escalated with a lesser size disparity between contestants. However, in Cu‐exposed versus Cu‐exposed fish interactions, the dominant‐subordinate Relationship was decided sooner and with less aggression than a control versus control fish interaction with fish of a similar relative body mass disparity. During control versus Cu‐exposed fish interactions, control fish would normally dominat...
-
Shifts in a Fish’s Resource Holding Power during a Contact Paired Interaction: The Influence of a Copper‐Contaminated Diet in Rainbow Trout*
Physiological and biochemical zoology : PBZ, 2005Co-Authors: Hamish A Campbell, R D Handy, David W SimsAbstract:Abstract The influence of sublethal chronic dietary copper (Cu) exposure on the dominant‐subordinate Relationship between pairs of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was examined. Fish were fed either a normal (11 mg Cu kg−1 food) or Cu‐contaminated (721 mg Cu kg−1 food) diet for 8 wk. Paired interactions were observed—control versus control, Cu‐exposed versus Cu‐exposed, and control versus Cu‐exposed fish—using a computer‐aided video tracking system to measure duration of interactions, total distance moved, and the number of encounters during each contest. In concurrence with game theory, each interaction became escalated with a lesser size disparity between contestants. However, in Cu‐exposed versus Cu‐exposed fish interactions, the dominant‐subordinate Relationship was decided sooner and with less aggression than a control versus control fish interaction with fish of a similar relative body mass disparity. During control versus Cu‐exposed fish interactions, control fish would normally dominat...