The Experts below are selected from a list of 237 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

C. Van Ouwerkerk - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Soil Compaction Problems in World Agriculture
    Developments in Agricultural Engineering, 1994
    Co-Authors: B. D. Soane, C. Van Ouwerkerk
    Abstract:

    There is widespread evidence for the prevalence of problems in crop production which are attributable to soil compaction caused by the passage of vehicles, implements and Draft Animals. Agricultural, horticultural and forestry crops are known to experience these problems in both temperate and tropical regions. Soil compaction problems were experienced in commercial production long before any coherent research was undertaken on this subject. During the early part of the 19th century, Draft Animals were observed to cause soil compaction during cultivation, while during the second half of the 19th and early years of the 20th centuries the use of steam engines for cultivation was accompanied by excessive compaction, unless cable traction was employed or soils were extremely dry. The introduction of the internal combustion engine for small tractors did not initially lead to widespread compaction problems but by the middle of the 20th century, and particularly during the past 30 years, mechanization has advanced to such a scale and intensity that compaction problems have become of worldwide importance. Soil compaction is now considered to be a multi-disciplinary problem in which machine/soil/crop/weather interactions play an important role and which may have dramatic economic and environmental consequences in world agriculture. However, recent progress in scientific understanding of the soil compaction process and its implications, improved insight into proper vehicle use and soil management, and the development of mechanization systems and novel running gear, provide new perspectives for reducing soil compaction problems in crop production. © 1994 Elsevier B.V.

B. D. Soane - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Soil Compaction Problems in World Agriculture
    Developments in Agricultural Engineering, 1994
    Co-Authors: B. D. Soane, C. Van Ouwerkerk
    Abstract:

    There is widespread evidence for the prevalence of problems in crop production which are attributable to soil compaction caused by the passage of vehicles, implements and Draft Animals. Agricultural, horticultural and forestry crops are known to experience these problems in both temperate and tropical regions. Soil compaction problems were experienced in commercial production long before any coherent research was undertaken on this subject. During the early part of the 19th century, Draft Animals were observed to cause soil compaction during cultivation, while during the second half of the 19th and early years of the 20th centuries the use of steam engines for cultivation was accompanied by excessive compaction, unless cable traction was employed or soils were extremely dry. The introduction of the internal combustion engine for small tractors did not initially lead to widespread compaction problems but by the middle of the 20th century, and particularly during the past 30 years, mechanization has advanced to such a scale and intensity that compaction problems have become of worldwide importance. Soil compaction is now considered to be a multi-disciplinary problem in which machine/soil/crop/weather interactions play an important role and which may have dramatic economic and environmental consequences in world agriculture. However, recent progress in scientific understanding of the soil compaction process and its implications, improved insight into proper vehicle use and soil management, and the development of mechanization systems and novel running gear, provide new perspectives for reducing soil compaction problems in crop production. © 1994 Elsevier B.V.

  • Soil Compaction Problems in World Agriculture
    Developments in Agricultural Engineering, 1994
    Co-Authors: B. D. Soane, C. Van Ouwerkerk
    Abstract:

    Summary There is widespread evidence for the prevalence of problems in crop production which are attributable to soil compaction caused by the passage of vehicles, implements and Draft Animals. Agricultural, horticultural and forestry crops are known to experience these problems in both temperate and tropical regions. Soil compaction problems were experienced in commercial production long before any coherent research was undertaken on this subject. During the early part of the 19th century, Draft Animals were observed to cause soil compaction during cultivation, while during the second half of the 19th and early years of the 20th centuries the use of steam engines for cultivation was accompanied by excessive compaction, unless cable traction was employed or soils were extremely dry. The introduction of the internal combustion engine for small tractors did not initially lead to widespread compaction problems but by the middle of the 20th century, and particularly during the past 30 years, mechanization has advanced to such a scale and intensity that compaction problems have become of worldwide importance. Soil compaction is now considered to be a multi-disciplinary problem in which machine/soil/crop/weather interactions play an important role and which may have dramatic economic and environmental consequences in world agriculture. However, recent progress in scientific understanding of the soil compaction process and its implications, improved insight into proper vehicle use and soil management, and the development of mechanization systems and novel running gear, provide new perspectives for reducing soil compaction problems in crop production.

C. Van Ouwerkerk - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Soil Compaction Problems in World Agriculture
    Developments in Agricultural Engineering, 1994
    Co-Authors: B. D. Soane, C. Van Ouwerkerk
    Abstract:

    Summary There is widespread evidence for the prevalence of problems in crop production which are attributable to soil compaction caused by the passage of vehicles, implements and Draft Animals. Agricultural, horticultural and forestry crops are known to experience these problems in both temperate and tropical regions. Soil compaction problems were experienced in commercial production long before any coherent research was undertaken on this subject. During the early part of the 19th century, Draft Animals were observed to cause soil compaction during cultivation, while during the second half of the 19th and early years of the 20th centuries the use of steam engines for cultivation was accompanied by excessive compaction, unless cable traction was employed or soils were extremely dry. The introduction of the internal combustion engine for small tractors did not initially lead to widespread compaction problems but by the middle of the 20th century, and particularly during the past 30 years, mechanization has advanced to such a scale and intensity that compaction problems have become of worldwide importance. Soil compaction is now considered to be a multi-disciplinary problem in which machine/soil/crop/weather interactions play an important role and which may have dramatic economic and environmental consequences in world agriculture. However, recent progress in scientific understanding of the soil compaction process and its implications, improved insight into proper vehicle use and soil management, and the development of mechanization systems and novel running gear, provide new perspectives for reducing soil compaction problems in crop production.

Brian G Sims - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Draft Animal Power for Soil and Water Conservation in the Bolivian Valleys
    Agricultural Engineering International: The CIGR Journal, 2003
    Co-Authors: Brian G Sims
    Abstract:

    The inter-Andean valley region of Bolivia presents climatic characteristics which can be described as high, dry and cool. The prolonged dry season (up to eight months) can lead to severe forage shortages which affect working Animals. The traditional Draft Animals are pairs of oxen which may have to be sold off at the end of the working season due to lack of feed. Production of forage and the possibility of using lighter, single Animals are two ways to alleviate the situation. Natural resource management projects in the region, working in very close collaboration with farm families in programs of participatory development, have developed contour-planted live-barriers of grass / legume mixtures to stabilize steep hillsides and provide abundant and nutritious dry-season forage. The development of high-lift harnesses and lightweight equipment has enabled hitherto underutilized single equines (and bovines) to undertake Draft work traditionally the exclusive domain of pairs of oxen.

  • Draft Animal Power for Soil and Water Conservation in Small-Holder Production Systems in the Inter-Andean Valleys of Bolivia
    2002 Chicago IL July 28-31 2002, 2002
    Co-Authors: Brian G Sims
    Abstract:

    The inter-Andean valley region of Bolivia presents climatic characteristics which can be described as high, dry and cool. The prolonged dry season (up to eight months) can lead to severe forage shortages which affect working Animals. The traditional Draft Animals are pairs of oxen which may have to be sold off at the end of the working season due to lack of feed. Production of forage and the possibility of using lighter, single Animals are two ways to alleviate the situation. Natural resource management projects in the region, working in very close collaboration with farm families in programs of participatory development, have developed contour-planted live-barriers of grass / legume mixtures to stabilize steep hillsides and provide abundant and nutritious dry-season forage. The development of high-lift harnesses and lightweight equipment has enabled hitherto underutilized single equines (and bovines) to undertake Draft work traditionally the exclusive domain of pairs of oxen.

Shuo Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • there will be killing collectivization and death of Draft Animals
    American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2017
    Co-Authors: Shuo Chen
    Abstract:

    The elimination of private property rights can lead to ineffcient use of productive assets. In China's collectivization movement from 1955 to 1957, instead of transferring Draft Animals to the ownership of the collectives, peasants slaughtered them to keep the meat and hide. By comparing 1,600 counties that launched the movement in different years, the difference-in-differences estimates suggest that the animal loss during the movement was 12 to 15 percent, or 7.4-9.5 million head. Grain output dropped by 7 percent due to lower animal inputs and lower productivity.