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K A Beauchemin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of non encapsulated and encapsulated active Dried Yeast on blood cell count blood metabolites and immune response of finishing beef heifers
Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 2021Co-Authors: Peixin Jiao, K A Beauchemin, Ousama Alzahal, Xiaolai Xie, W Z YangAbstract:A study was conducted to evaluate whether encapsulated active Dried Yeast (EDY), compared with non-protected (ADY) or antibiotics (ANT), improved immune response and blood metabolites of finishing ...
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fecal bacterial community of finishing beef steers fed ruminally protected and non protected active Dried Yeast
Journal of Animal Science, 2020Co-Authors: Tao Ran, Peixin Jiao, K A Beauchemin, Ousama Alzahal, Xiaolai Xie, Dongyan Niu, Wenzhu YangAbstract:Our previous study suggested that supplementation of high-grain diets with ruminally protected and non-protected active Dried Yeast (ADY) may potentially reduce manure pathogen excretion by feedlot cattle. We hypothesized that feeding ruminally protected ADY might change the fecal bacterial community of finishing cattle. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of feeding ruminally protected and non-protected ADY to finishing beef steers on their fecal bacterial community. Fresh fecal samples were collected on day 56 from 50 steers fed one of five treatments: 1) control (no monensin, tylosin, or ADY), 2) antibiotics (ANT, 330 mg monensin + 110 mg tylosin·steer-1d-1), 3) ADY (1.5 g·steer-1d-1), 4) encapsulated ADY (EDY; 3 g·steer-1d-1), and 5) a mixture of ADY and EDY (MDY; 1.5 g ADY + 3 g EDY·steer-1d-1). Bacterial DNA was extracted from fecal samples and sequenced using a MiSeq high-throughput sequencing platform. A total number of 2,128,772 high-quality V4 16S rRNA sequences from 50 fecal samples were analyzed, and 1,424 operational taxonomic units (OTU) were detected based on 97% nucleotide sequence identity among reads, with 769 OTU shared across the five treatments. Alpha diversity indices, including species observed, Chao estimate, abundance-based coverage estimator, Shannon, Simpson, and coverage, did not differ among treatments, and principal coordinate analysis revealed a high similarity among treatments without independent distribution. Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were dominant phyla in the fecal bacterial community for all treatments, with a tendency (P < 0.10) for greater relative abundance of Bacteroidetes but lesser Firmicutes with ANT, EDY, and MDY compared with control steers. Prevotella was the dominant genus in all treatments and steers supplemented with ANT, EDY, and MDY had greater (P < 0.05) relative abundance of Prevotella than control steers, but lesser (P < 0.03) relative abundance of Oscillospira. No differences between ADY and control were observed for the aforementioned variables. Fecal starch contents were not different among treatments, but the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, as well as Prevotella at genera level, tended (P < 0.06) to be positively correlated to fecal starch content. We conclude that supplementing ruminally protected or non-protected ADY or ANT had no effect on diversity and richness of fecal bacteria of finishing beef cattle, whereas feeding protected ADY or ANT to finishing beef steers altered the dominant fecal bacteria at phylum and genus levels. Therefore, supplementation of ruminally protected ADY may potentially improve intestinal health by stimulating the relative abundance of Prevotella.
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using ruminally protected and nonprotected active Dried Yeast as alternatives to antibiotics in finishing beef steers growth performance carcass traits blood metabolites and fecal escherichia coli
Journal of Animal Science, 2018Co-Authors: Tao Ran, K A Beauchemin, Ousama Alzahal, Yizhao Z Shen, A M Saleem, W Z YangAbstract:The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementing the diet of finishing beef steers with active Dried Yeast (ADY) in ruminally protected and nonprotected forms on growth performance, carcass traits, and immune response. Seventy-five individually-fed Angus steers (initial body weight (BW) ± SD, 448 ± 8.4 kg) were assigned to a randomized complete design with 5 treatments: 1) control (no monensin, tylosin, or ADY), 2) antibiotics (ANT, 330 mg monensin + 110 mg tylosin·steer-1d-1), 3) ADY (1.5 g·steer-1d-1), 4) encapsulated ADY (EDY; 3 g·steer-1d-1), and 5) a mixture of ADY and EDY (MDY; 1.5 g ADY + 3 g EDY·steer-1d-1). Active Dried Yeast with 1.7 × 1010 cfu/g was encapsulated in equal amounts of ADY and capsule materials (stearic acid and palm oil). Steers were fed a total mixed ration containing 10% barley silage and 90% barley-based concentrate mix (dry matter [DM] basis). The ANT, ADY, and EDY were top-dressed daily to the diet at feeding. Intake of DM, final BW, averaged daily gain (ADG), and gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) were unaffected by ADY or EDY. Carcass traits including hot carcass weight (HCW), dressing percentage, marbling score and quality grade did not differ among treatments, although fewer severely abscessed livers were observed (P < 0.05) with ADY and MDY compared with the other treatments. Plasma urea N tended (P < 0.10) to be greater in steers fed ANT, ADY, or EDY on day 56 and 112, while glucose remained stable in all treatments except greater (P < 0.02) plasma glucose occurred in steers fed MDY on day 112. Serum nonestrified fatty acid (NEFA) was unaffected by ADY or EDY, but it was greater (P < 0.03) in steers fed ANT compared with control. Plasma haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA) were affected by Yeast supplementation on day 112, with greater (P < 0. 01) Hp in steers fed ADY, EDY, or MDY and lesser (P < 0.01) SAA in steers fed EDY and MDY than control. Lipopolysaccharide binding protein concentrations were greater (P < 0.01) in steers fed EDY and MDY on day 56. Supplementing with ADY (protected or nonprotected) or ANT had no effect on fecal IgA contents on day 56 and 112. Steers fed Yeast (EDY or MDY) tended (P < 0.10) to have fewer fecal Escherichia coli counts than the control and ANT on day 56 and 112. These results indicate that feeding ADY to feedlot cattle may exhibit antipathogenic activity that conferred health and food safety beneficial effects including reduced liver abscess and potentially pathogen excretion, thus Yeast may be an alternative to in-feed antibiotics in natural beef cattle production systems.
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comparison of non encapsulated and encapsulated active Dried Yeast on ruminal ph and fermentation and site and extent of feed digestion in beef heifers fed high grain diets
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2017Co-Authors: P X Jiao, K A Beauchemin, N D Walker, L Y Wei, F Z Liu, L Y Chen, W Z YangAbstract:The objective of this study was to determine whether feeding ruminally protected active Dried Yeast (ADY) exhibits postruminal activity in comparison with feeding non-protected ADY assessed by measuring feed intake, ruminal pH and fermentation, and site and extent of feed digestion in finishing heifers. A combination antibiotic was used as a positive control. Five Angus beef heifers with ruminal cannulas (body weight of 650 ± 48.8 kg) were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design with 21-d periods and 1 week of washout between each period. The five treatments were: 1) control (no ADY and no antibiotics), 2) antibiotics (ANT; 300 mg monensin + 110 mg tylosin/d), 3) ADY (1.5 g ADY/d), 4) encapsulated ADY (EDY; 3.5 g/d containing 1.5 g ADY and 2 g capsule), and 5) mixture of ADY and EDY (MDY; 1.5 g ADY + 3.5 g EDY/d). The ADY was encapsulated using barley hordein and glutelin extracted from barley grain. The stability of encapsulated Yeast in the rumen and its release in the intestine were validated in vitro. Intake (kg/d) of dry matter (DM) was not affected by treatments. Ruminal pH, total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration, and NH3-N concentration did not differ among treatments, whereas molar proportion of acetate and ratio of acetate to propionate were greater with Yeast addition than ANT. No treatment effects on flows of organic matter (OM) and starch to the omasum were observed, whereas flows of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) were greatest with ANT, lowest with EDY and intermediate with control, ADY and MDY (P < 0.02). Digestibility of OM in the rumen tended (P < 0.09) to be less with EDY or MDY than control or ANT, but no difference in ruminal digestibility of NDF and starch was observed among treatments. In contrast, greater postruminal digestibility of OM (P < 0.01) and NDF (P < 0.03) was observed with either EDY or MDY versus control and ANT. Digestibility of OM and NDF in the total digestive tract was also greater (P < 0.01) with EDY or MDY than control. No treatment effect was observed on the flows of N to the omasum or microbial protein synthesis. Although digestibility of N in the rumen was not different, the digestibility of N in the total digestive tract was greater (P < 0.02) with EDY or MDY than control or ANT. Supplementation of ADY or MDY tended (P < 0.10) to have greater gene copy numbers of R. flavefaciens compared with ANT. Total protozoa counts were greater (P < 0.01) in the rumen of heifers supplemented with ADY or MDY compared with control or ANT. These results demonstrate the postruminal activity of ADY and indicate the potential of feeding protected Yeast to ruminants to increase intestinal digestibility of nutrients.
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the effects of active Dried and killed Dried Yeast on subacute ruminal acidosis ruminal fermentation and nutrient digestibility in beef heifers
Journal of Animal Science, 2014Co-Authors: D Vyas, W Z Yang, Aimable Uwizeye, R Mohammed, N D Walker, K A BeaucheminAbstract:The study addressed the importance of Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) viability for reduc- ing the incidence of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) and improving total tract nutrient digestibility in beef heifers. Six ruminally cannulated beef heifers (680 ± 50 kg BW) were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design and were fed a diet consisting of 40% barley silage, 10% chopped grass hay, and 50% barley grain- based concentrate (DM basis). Treatments were 1) no Yeast (Control), 2) active Dried Yeast (ADY; 4 g pro- viding 10 10 cfu/g; AB Vista, Marlborough, UK), and 3) killed Dried Yeast (KDY; 4 g autoclaved ADY). The treatments were directly dosed via the ruminal cannula daily at the time of feeding. The periods consisted of 2 wk of adaptation (d 1 to 14) and 7 d of measurements (d 15 to 21). Ruminal pH was continuously measured (d 15 to 21) using an indwelling system. Ruminal con- tents were sampled on d 15 and 17 at 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 h after feeding. Total tract nutrient digestibility was mea- sured using an external marker (YbCl 3 ) from d 15 to 19. No treatment difference was observed for DMI (P = 0.86). Yeast supplementation (ADY and KDY) tended to increase total tract digestibility of starch (P = 0.07) whereas no effects were observed on digestibility of other nutrients. Both ADY and KDY elevated minimum (P 0.10); however, the proportion of Rumi- nococcus flavefaciens in solid fraction of digesta was greater with KDY (P = 0.05). The study demonstrates the positive effects of Yeast, irrespective of its viabil- ity, in reducing the severity of SARA. However, further studies are required to evaluate the importance of Yeast viability for other dietary conditions, particularly when the risk of acidosis is high.
Blake S Hauptman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evaluation of grain distillers Dried Yeast as a fish meal substitute in practical type diets of juvenile rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss
Aquaculture, 2014Co-Authors: Steven D. Rawles, Frederic T. Barrows, Gibson T Gaylord, Blake S Hauptman, Stephanie S Block, J A Paterson, Wendy M. SealeyAbstract:Abstract Grain distillers Dried Yeast (GDDY) is a single-cell protein obtained as a co-product during the production of fuel ethanol that may have potential as a protein replacement for rainbow trout. The goal of this study was to examine the suitability of GDDY as a replacement for fish meal on a digestible protein basis in rainbow trout diets. An in-vivo digestibility study was performed to determine the nutrient availability of GDDY. Subsequently, a control diet containing 42% digestible protein and 20% lipid was formulated to replace fish meal protein with GDDY protein at eight different levels (0, 25, 37.5, 50, 62.5, 75, 87.5, and 100%). Diets were fed to juvenile rainbow trout stocked into four replicate tanks per dietary treatment (30 fish/tank) and fed twice daily for nine weeks. High GDDY inclusion rates significantly altered rainbow trout growth and feed conversion but not feed intake. There were no significant differences in production performance in fish fed the 25% GDDY and 37.5% GDDY diets when compared to fish fed the control diet, but further dietary fish meal replacement generally decreased fish performance. Further research is warranted to determine why fish performance decreased with higher inclusion levels of GDDY in spite of similar feed intake among levels.
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potential for a mycotoxin deactivator to improve growth and performance of rainbow trout fed high levels of an ethanol industry co product grain distiller s Dried Yeast
North American Journal of Aquaculture, 2014Co-Authors: Blake S Hauptman, Frederic T. Barrows, Gibson T Gaylord, Stephanie S Block, J A Paterson, Wendy M. SealeyAbstract:AbstractCoproducts from the production of fuel ethanol may have the potential to be used as protein sources for Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss if dietary supplementation strategies that can maintain fish performance can be identified. A random sample of one such coproduct, grain distiller's Dried Yeast (GDDY), contained detectable levels of ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, fumonsin B1, and fumonsin B3. Therefore, the goal of this study was to test whether growth performance of Rainbow Trout fed GDDY could be improved by dietary supplementation of a mycotoxin deactivator (Mycofix Plus). The study was conducted as a 2 × 3 factorial design in which there were two levels of mycotoxin deactivator (0.1% or 0%) and three levels of GDDY inclusion (0, 15, and 30%). All diets were formulated to include 42% digestible protein and 20% crude lipid and were balanced for lysine, methionine, threonine, and total phosphorus. Juvenile Rainbow Trout (average initial body weight, 26.4 ± 0.9 g [mean ± SD]) were s...
Wendy M. Sealey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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refining inclusion levels of grain distiller s Dried Yeast in commercial type and plant based diets for juvenile rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss
Journal of The World Aquaculture Society, 2015Co-Authors: Wendy M. Sealey, Frederic T. Barrows, Gibson T Gaylord, Thomas Oneill, Jesse T Peach, Stephanie S BlockAbstract:Recent studies with rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, demonstrated that grain distiller's Dried Yeast (GDDY) at up to 12% inclusion was an effective dietary protein source when replacing fish meal. To examine the effectiveness of GDDY when replacing an increased variety of dietary protein sources, two feeding trials were conducted. In the first trial, six commercial-type diets were formulated to contain 42% digestible protein and 20% crude lipid with GDDY included at 0, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18% to replace all dietary protein sources except fish meal. In the second trial, four plant-based diets with GDDY at 0, 9, 12, and 15% were examined. Experimental diets were fed twice daily, to apparent satiation, to three replicate tanks of fish/diet (initial weight = 22.3 ± 0.7 g) for 10 wk in a 15 C recirculating system. Results demonstrated excellent fish growth and the inclusion rate of GDDY did not negatively affect growth or feed conversion. No significant negative effects of GDDY on body indices or whole-body proximate composition were observed. Based on these results, GDDY can be included in both commercial-type diets and plant-based diets for rainbow trout at up to 18 or 15%, respectively, without decreasing growth performance.
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evaluation of grain distillers Dried Yeast as a fish meal substitute in practical type diets of juvenile rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss
Aquaculture, 2014Co-Authors: Steven D. Rawles, Frederic T. Barrows, Gibson T Gaylord, Blake S Hauptman, Stephanie S Block, J A Paterson, Wendy M. SealeyAbstract:Abstract Grain distillers Dried Yeast (GDDY) is a single-cell protein obtained as a co-product during the production of fuel ethanol that may have potential as a protein replacement for rainbow trout. The goal of this study was to examine the suitability of GDDY as a replacement for fish meal on a digestible protein basis in rainbow trout diets. An in-vivo digestibility study was performed to determine the nutrient availability of GDDY. Subsequently, a control diet containing 42% digestible protein and 20% lipid was formulated to replace fish meal protein with GDDY protein at eight different levels (0, 25, 37.5, 50, 62.5, 75, 87.5, and 100%). Diets were fed to juvenile rainbow trout stocked into four replicate tanks per dietary treatment (30 fish/tank) and fed twice daily for nine weeks. High GDDY inclusion rates significantly altered rainbow trout growth and feed conversion but not feed intake. There were no significant differences in production performance in fish fed the 25% GDDY and 37.5% GDDY diets when compared to fish fed the control diet, but further dietary fish meal replacement generally decreased fish performance. Further research is warranted to determine why fish performance decreased with higher inclusion levels of GDDY in spite of similar feed intake among levels.
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potential for a mycotoxin deactivator to improve growth and performance of rainbow trout fed high levels of an ethanol industry co product grain distiller s Dried Yeast
North American Journal of Aquaculture, 2014Co-Authors: Blake S Hauptman, Frederic T. Barrows, Gibson T Gaylord, Stephanie S Block, J A Paterson, Wendy M. SealeyAbstract:AbstractCoproducts from the production of fuel ethanol may have the potential to be used as protein sources for Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss if dietary supplementation strategies that can maintain fish performance can be identified. A random sample of one such coproduct, grain distiller's Dried Yeast (GDDY), contained detectable levels of ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, fumonsin B1, and fumonsin B3. Therefore, the goal of this study was to test whether growth performance of Rainbow Trout fed GDDY could be improved by dietary supplementation of a mycotoxin deactivator (Mycofix Plus). The study was conducted as a 2 × 3 factorial design in which there were two levels of mycotoxin deactivator (0.1% or 0%) and three levels of GDDY inclusion (0, 15, and 30%). All diets were formulated to include 42% digestible protein and 20% crude lipid and were balanced for lysine, methionine, threonine, and total phosphorus. Juvenile Rainbow Trout (average initial body weight, 26.4 ± 0.9 g [mean ± SD]) were s...
Steven G Hughes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of high dietary concentrations of brewer s Dried Yeast on growth performance and liver uricase in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 1991Co-Authors: Gary L Rumsey, John E Kinsella, K J Shetty, Steven G HughesAbstract:The potential of using Yeast nitrogen in fish feeds to replace proteins from conventional sources is an attractive option to nutritionists, feed manufacturers and fish farmers. Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of high dietary levels of brewer's Dried Yeast, with 20% of its protein represented by nucleic acid nitrogen, on the growth, feed conversion efficiency and uric acid metabolism of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Growth and liver uricase activities were monitored in trout fed diets containing 0, 25, 50 or 75% Yeast. Growth was faster and feed conversion more efficient in fish fed diets consisting of 25% Yeast; the diets containing 50 and 75% Yeast were seemingly unpalatable to trout. Liver uricase activity, present in all fish, was directly correlated with the dietary level of nucleic acids. It was concluded that although feed intake was depressed at Yeast levels greater than 25%, the fish did not appear to be adversely affected physiologically by high dietary levels of nucleic acid nitrogen.
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digestibility and energy values of intact disrupted and extracts from brewer s Dried Yeast fed to rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 1991Co-Authors: Gary L Rumsey, John E Kinsella, Steven G Hughes, R R Smith, K J ShettyAbstract:Abstract Although fish meal has historically been used as the primary source of protein in fish feeds, brewer's Dried Yeast (BDY) is presently being investigated as a primary replacement for fish meal. As little is known about the ability of fish to utilize BDY, studies were conducted to study bioavailability of intact BDY as well as several fractions derived from the disrupted Yeast to rainbow trout. Dried BDY was fed to rainbow trout and digestibility and energy values were determined. When the Yeast cells were fully disrupted, the absorption of nitrogen increased by more than 20% and the metabolizable energy of the Yeast by more than 10%. Energy and nitrogen digestibility were further increased after the removal of all wall material and separation of nitrogen into amino acid and nucleic acid fractions. Disruption of the cell wall significantly increased the nutritional value of BDY for salmonid fishes. The findings suggest that further research be conducted on the use and economy of BDY as a primary nitrogen source in fish feeds.
K J Shetty - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of high dietary concentrations of brewer s Dried Yeast on growth performance and liver uricase in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 1991Co-Authors: Gary L Rumsey, John E Kinsella, K J Shetty, Steven G HughesAbstract:The potential of using Yeast nitrogen in fish feeds to replace proteins from conventional sources is an attractive option to nutritionists, feed manufacturers and fish farmers. Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of high dietary levels of brewer's Dried Yeast, with 20% of its protein represented by nucleic acid nitrogen, on the growth, feed conversion efficiency and uric acid metabolism of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Growth and liver uricase activities were monitored in trout fed diets containing 0, 25, 50 or 75% Yeast. Growth was faster and feed conversion more efficient in fish fed diets consisting of 25% Yeast; the diets containing 50 and 75% Yeast were seemingly unpalatable to trout. Liver uricase activity, present in all fish, was directly correlated with the dietary level of nucleic acids. It was concluded that although feed intake was depressed at Yeast levels greater than 25%, the fish did not appear to be adversely affected physiologically by high dietary levels of nucleic acid nitrogen.
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digestibility and energy values of intact disrupted and extracts from brewer s Dried Yeast fed to rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 1991Co-Authors: Gary L Rumsey, John E Kinsella, Steven G Hughes, R R Smith, K J ShettyAbstract:Abstract Although fish meal has historically been used as the primary source of protein in fish feeds, brewer's Dried Yeast (BDY) is presently being investigated as a primary replacement for fish meal. As little is known about the ability of fish to utilize BDY, studies were conducted to study bioavailability of intact BDY as well as several fractions derived from the disrupted Yeast to rainbow trout. Dried BDY was fed to rainbow trout and digestibility and energy values were determined. When the Yeast cells were fully disrupted, the absorption of nitrogen increased by more than 20% and the metabolizable energy of the Yeast by more than 10%. Energy and nitrogen digestibility were further increased after the removal of all wall material and separation of nitrogen into amino acid and nucleic acid fractions. Disruption of the cell wall significantly increased the nutritional value of BDY for salmonid fishes. The findings suggest that further research be conducted on the use and economy of BDY as a primary nitrogen source in fish feeds.
