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Roger D Meyerhoff - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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aerobic degradation of Tylosin in cattle chicken and swine excreta
Environmental Research, 2003Co-Authors: Jerold Scott Teeter, Roger D MeyerhoffAbstract:Tylosin, a fermentation-derived macrolide antibiotic, was tested to determine its aerobic degradation rate in cattle, chicken, and swine excreta. For chicken, excreta from a hen administered 14C-Tylosin as part of a metabolism study were used. For cattle and swine, 14C-Tylosin was added to control excreta. The formation of 14C volatile breakdown products and 14CO2 was not observed throughout the study. Material balance for the carbon-14 label ranged between 94% and 104%. Initial, day-0, concentrations of Tylosin-A averaged 119.52+/-4.39, 35.01+/-1.34, and 62.82+/-2.11 microg/g (dry weight basis) for cattle, chicken, and swine excreta samples, respectively. After 30 days, samples averaged 4.16+/-0.69 and 4.11+/-0.69 microg/g Tylosin-A in cattle and swine excreta, respectively. No residues of Tylosin-A or its factors were apparent in the chicken excreta samples after 30 days of incubation. In each case, Tylosin declined to less than 6.5% of the initial level after 30 days. Calculated first-order half-lives under the test conditions were 6.2 days, <7.6 days, and 7.6 days for cattle, chicken, and swine excreta, respectively. The results indicate that Tylosin residues degrade rapidly in animal excreta. Therefore, Tylosin residues should not persist in the environment.
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Aerobic degradation of Tylosin in cattle, chicken, and swine excreta.
Environmental research, 2003Co-Authors: Jerold Scott Teeter, Roger D MeyerhoffAbstract:Tylosin, a fermentation-derived macrolide antibiotic, was tested to determine its aerobic degradation rate in cattle, chicken, and swine excreta. For chicken, excreta from a hen administered 14C-Tylosin as part of a metabolism study were used. For cattle and swine, 14C-Tylosin was added to control excreta. The formation of 14C volatile breakdown products and 14CO2 was not observed throughout the study. Material balance for the carbon-14 label ranged between 94% and 104%. Initial, day-0, concentrations of Tylosin-A averaged 119.52+/-4.39, 35.01+/-1.34, and 62.82+/-2.11 microg/g (dry weight basis) for cattle, chicken, and swine excreta samples, respectively. After 30 days, samples averaged 4.16+/-0.69 and 4.11+/-0.69 microg/g Tylosin-A in cattle and swine excreta, respectively. No residues of Tylosin-A or its factors were apparent in the chicken excreta samples after 30 days of incubation. In each case, Tylosin declined to less than 6.5% of the initial level after 30 days. Calculated first-order half-lives under the test conditions were 6.2 days,
Michelle L. Soupir - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Transport and Persistence of Tylosin-Resistant Enterococci, erm Genes, and Tylosin in Soil and Drainage Water from Fields Receiving Swine Manure
Journal of environmental quality, 2014Co-Authors: Jason L. Garder, Thomas B. Moorman, Michelle L. SoupirAbstract:Land application of manure from Tylosin-treated swine introduces Tylosin, Tylosin-resistant enterococci, and erythromycin resistant rRNA methylase (erm) genes, which confer resistance to Tylosin. This study documents the persistence and transport of Tylosinresistant enterococci, erm genes, and Tylosin in tile-drained chisel plow and no-till agricultural fields treated with liquid swine manure in alternating years. Between 70 and 100% of the enterococci in manure were resistant to Tylosin and ermB concentrations exceeded 10 8 copies g -1 manure, while the mean ermF concentrations exceeded 10 7 copies g -1 manure (ermT was not detected). The mean concentration of Tylosin was 73 ng g -1 manure. Soil collected from the manure injection band closely following application contained >10 9 copies g -1 soil of both ermB and ermF in 2010 and >10 8 copies g -1 soil after the 2011 application compared to 3 × 10 3 to 3 × 10 5 copies g -1 soil in the no-manure control plots. Gene abundances declined over the subsequent 2-yr period to levels similar to those in the nomanure controls. Concentrations of enterococci in tile water were low, while Tylosin-resistant enterococci were rarely detected. In approximately 75% of tile water samples, ermB was detected, and ermF was detected in 30% of tile water samples, but levels of these genes were not elevated due to manure application, and no difference was found between tillage practices. These results show that Tylosin usage increased the short-term occurrence of Tylosin-resistant enterococci, erm genes, and Tylosin in soils but had minimal effect on tile drainage water quality in years of average to below average precipitation.
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Occurrence of Tylosin-Resistant Enterococci in Swine Manure and Tile Drainage Systems under No-Till Management
Water Air & Soil Pollution, 2013Co-Authors: Trang T. T. Hoang, Michelle L. Soupir, Ping Liu, Alok BhandariAbstract:The sub-therapeutic use of Tylosin in commercial swine operations can produce selective pressure for the development of antibiotic resistant bacteria. When swine manure from such operations is applied on drained agricultural fields, it can lead to transport and dissemination of resistant microorganisms through soils, into tile drainage lines, and ultimately into surface waters. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence and transport of Tylosin-resistant enterococci from two different tile-drained agricultural fields receiving biennial swine-waste applications during different seasons. Resistance to Tylosin in manure, soil, and tile water was investigated by a phenotype-based method and polymerase chain reaction. All enterococci in manure samples obtained from the spring application were resistant to Tylosin, whereas 68 % of the total enterococci from the fall application were resistant to Tylosin. Average concentrations of total and Tylosin-resistant enterococci in soil samples over the two sampling periods were 9.8 × 10^3 and 7.5 × 10^3 cfu/g of soil, respectively. Total and Tylosin-resistant enterococci concentrations in tile water collected from the two plots were significantly different ( P
Yong Soo Park - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Optimization of Tylosin Feeding Rate Profile in Production of Acetyl-Isovaleryl Tylosin(AIV)from Tylosin by Streptomyces thermotolerans YN554
Journal of bioscience and bioengineering, 2001Co-Authors: Guowei Huang, Mitsuyasu Okabe, Prihardi Kahar, Hiroshi Tsunekawa, Yong Soo ParkAbstract:An optimal feed rate profile of a substrate (Tylosin) for a novel antibiotic, acetyl-isovaleryl Tylosin (AIV) production process was investigated. In the first step of optimization, a kinetic model for production of AIV from Tylosin by Streptomyces thermotolerans was established properly using the least square method, followed by the confirmation that the proposed model could be used to predict the production process of AIV from Tylosin. An objective function, state equations and an inequality constraint with respect to the Tylosin feeding rate profile were applied to maximize the amount of AIV produced from Tylosin in a fed-batch culture. The optimized Tylosin feeding rate profile was determined using a direct iterative search algorithm based on the modified complex method. The simulation of AIV production at the optimal Tylosin feeding profile indicates that the final amount of AIV is expected to be about 30% higher than that at the conventional constant Tylosin feeding rate, which was also confirmed experimentally using a 30-l jar fermentor.
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Optimization of conditions for conversion of Tylosin to a novel antibiotic, acetyl-isovaleryl Tylosin (AIV), by Streptomyces thermotolerans and scale-up to 200-liter pilot-scale fermentor
Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering, 1997Co-Authors: Guowei Huang, Yong Soo Park, Rokuro Okamoto, Atsushi Hikita, Mitsuyasu OkabeAbstract:Abstract The rate of substrate (Tylosin) supply, pH, dissolved oxygen concentration, and temperature for bioconversion of Tylosin to acetyl-isovaleryl Tylosin (AIV), were optimized in a flask and a 3- l jar fermentor. An AIV concentration 9.3 g/ l was achieved when the pH was controlled at 7.0 and the Tylosin supply rate was maintained at 200 mg/ l /h during the period of bioconversion of Tylosin to AIV after the cell growth phase. Based on the data obtained for the flask and jar-fermentor cultures, the bioconversion process was successfully scaled up to a 200- l fermentor. In this pilot-scale fermentor, 13.8 g/ l of AIV was obtained at a yield of 83% based on the amount of Tylosin supplied.
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Efficient Tylosin Production from Streptomyces fradiae Using Rapeseed Oil
Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering, 1996Co-Authors: Du Bok Choi, Shinya Tamura, Yong Soo Park, Mitsuyasu Okabe, Yoshihiro Seriu, Susumu TakedaAbstract:Tylosin production in flask and jar fermentor culture of Streptomyces fradiae using seven different vegetable oils as sole carbon sources was investigated. Among the vegetable oils, rapeseed oil was the best carbon source for Tylosin production. When the initial rapeseed oil concentration was 60 g/l, the maximum Tylosin concentration reached was 7.0 g/l, which was about 1.6- and 7-fold that reached using starch and glucose, respectively, at the same initial concentration. Although oil consumption increased with increasing agitation rate, the highest Tylosin yield was obtained using an agitation rate of 400 rpm. This indicates that in the case of using an insoluble carbon source, use of an appropriate agitation rate is important for efficient production of Tylosin.
Jerold Scott Teeter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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aerobic degradation of Tylosin in cattle chicken and swine excreta
Environmental Research, 2003Co-Authors: Jerold Scott Teeter, Roger D MeyerhoffAbstract:Tylosin, a fermentation-derived macrolide antibiotic, was tested to determine its aerobic degradation rate in cattle, chicken, and swine excreta. For chicken, excreta from a hen administered 14C-Tylosin as part of a metabolism study were used. For cattle and swine, 14C-Tylosin was added to control excreta. The formation of 14C volatile breakdown products and 14CO2 was not observed throughout the study. Material balance for the carbon-14 label ranged between 94% and 104%. Initial, day-0, concentrations of Tylosin-A averaged 119.52+/-4.39, 35.01+/-1.34, and 62.82+/-2.11 microg/g (dry weight basis) for cattle, chicken, and swine excreta samples, respectively. After 30 days, samples averaged 4.16+/-0.69 and 4.11+/-0.69 microg/g Tylosin-A in cattle and swine excreta, respectively. No residues of Tylosin-A or its factors were apparent in the chicken excreta samples after 30 days of incubation. In each case, Tylosin declined to less than 6.5% of the initial level after 30 days. Calculated first-order half-lives under the test conditions were 6.2 days, <7.6 days, and 7.6 days for cattle, chicken, and swine excreta, respectively. The results indicate that Tylosin residues degrade rapidly in animal excreta. Therefore, Tylosin residues should not persist in the environment.
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Aerobic degradation of Tylosin in cattle, chicken, and swine excreta.
Environmental research, 2003Co-Authors: Jerold Scott Teeter, Roger D MeyerhoffAbstract:Tylosin, a fermentation-derived macrolide antibiotic, was tested to determine its aerobic degradation rate in cattle, chicken, and swine excreta. For chicken, excreta from a hen administered 14C-Tylosin as part of a metabolism study were used. For cattle and swine, 14C-Tylosin was added to control excreta. The formation of 14C volatile breakdown products and 14CO2 was not observed throughout the study. Material balance for the carbon-14 label ranged between 94% and 104%. Initial, day-0, concentrations of Tylosin-A averaged 119.52+/-4.39, 35.01+/-1.34, and 62.82+/-2.11 microg/g (dry weight basis) for cattle, chicken, and swine excreta samples, respectively. After 30 days, samples averaged 4.16+/-0.69 and 4.11+/-0.69 microg/g Tylosin-A in cattle and swine excreta, respectively. No residues of Tylosin-A or its factors were apparent in the chicken excreta samples after 30 days of incubation. In each case, Tylosin declined to less than 6.5% of the initial level after 30 days. Calculated first-order half-lives under the test conditions were 6.2 days,
Lutgarde Raskin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of the antimicrobial Tylosin on the microbial community structure of an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor.
Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2010Co-Authors: Toshio Shimada, Julie L. Zilles, Eberhard Morgenroth, Lutgarde RaskinAbstract:The effects of the antimicrobial Tylosin on a methanogenic microbial community were studied in a glucosefed laboratory-scale anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) exposed to stepwise increases of Tylosin (0, 1.67, and 167 mg/L). The microbial community structure was determined using quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and phylogenetic analyses of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene clone libraries of biomass samples. During the periods without Tylosin addition and with an influent Tylosin concentration of 1.67 mg/L, 16S rRNA gene sequences related to Syntrophobacter were detected and the relative abundance of Methanosaeta species was high. During the highest Tylosin dose of 167 mg/L, 16S rRNA gene sequences related to Syntrophobacter species were not detected and the relative abundance of Methanosaeta decreased considerably. Throughout the experimental period, Propionibacteriaceae and high GC Gram-positive bacteria were present, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and FISH analyses, respectively. The accumulation of propionate and subsequent reactor failure after long-term exposure to Tylosin are attributed to the direct inhibition of propionate-oxidizing syntrophic bacteria closely related to Syntrophobacter and the indirect inhibition of Methanosaeta by high propionate concentrations and low pH.
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Inhibitory effects of the macrolide antimicrobial Tylosin on anaerobic treatment.
Biotechnology and bioengineering, 2008Co-Authors: Toshio Shimada, Julie L. Zilles, Eberhard Morgenroth, Lutgarde RaskinAbstract:A laboratory-scale anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) was operated using a glucose-based synthetic wastewater to study the effects of Tylosin, a macrolide antimicrobial commonly used in swine production, on treatment performance. The experimental period was divided into three consecutive phases with different influent Tylosin concentrations (0, 1.67, and 167 mg/L). The addition of 1.67 mg/L Tylosin to the reactor had negligible effects on the overall treatment performance, that is, total methane production and effluent chemical oxygen demand did not change significantly ( P < 0.05), yet analyses of individual ASBR cycles revealed a decrease in the rates of both methane production and propionate uptake after Tylosin was added. The addition of 167 mg/L Tylosin to the reactor resulted in a gradual decrease in methane production and the accumula- tion of propionate and acetate. Subsequent inhibition of methanogenesis was attributed to a decrease in the pH of the reactor. After the addition of 167 mg/L Tylosin to the reactor, an initial decrease in the rate of glucose uptake during the ASBR cycle followed by a gradual recovery was observed. In batch tests, the specific biogas production with the substrate butyrate was completely inhibited in the presence of Tylosin. This study indicated that Tylosin inhibited propionate- and butyrate-oxidizing syntrophic bacteria and fermenting bacteria resulting in unfavorable effects on methanogenesis. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;101: 73-82.
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Effect of the presence of the antimicrobial Tylosin in swine waste on anaerobic treatment.
Water research, 2008Co-Authors: Largus T Angenent, Margit Mau, Usha George, James A Zahn, Lutgarde RaskinAbstract:An anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR), seeded with a biomass inoculum that previously had not been exposed to the macrolide antimicrobial Tylosin (mixture of Tylosin A, B, C, and D), was operated for 3 months with swine waste without Tylosin A and for 9 months with swine waste containing Tylosin A at an average concentration of 1.6 mg/L. When swine waste with Tylosin was fed to the ASBR, methane production and volatile solids removal did not appear to be inhibited and a methane yield of 0.47 L methane per gram volatile solids fed to the ASBR was observed. Throughout the operating period, Tylosin A levels in ASBR biomass and effluent were below the detection limit of 0.01 mg/L. However, during the first 3 months of operation, the levels of macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB)-resistant bacteria in the ASBR biomass increased substantially as determined by hybridizations with oligonucleotide probes designed to target MLSB-resistant bacteria. Since no Tylosin A was present in the swine waste during the initial 3 months, the presence of MLSB-resistant bacteria in the swine waste was likely the reason for the increase in resistance. Subsequently, the levels of MLSB-resistant bacteria in ASBR biomass stabilized with an average of 44.9% for the 9 months of operation with swine waste containing Tylosin A. The level of MLSB-resistant bacteria in the swine waste fed to the ASBR during this period averaged 18.0%. The results indicate that anaerobic treatment of a waste stream containing Tylosin was effective (based on reactor performance) and that the level of resistant bacteria in the ASBR was substantially higher than in the waste stream fed to this system.
