The Experts below are selected from a list of 5043 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
David P Wilkinson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Drinking Water Purification by Electrosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide in a Power‐Producing PEM Fuel Cell
Chemsuschem, 2013Co-Authors: Winton Li, Előd L Gyenge, Arman Bonakdarpour, David P WilkinsonAbstract:The industrial anthraquinone auto-oxidation process produces most of the world’s supply of hydrogen peroxide. For applications that require small amounts of H2O2 or have economically difficult transportation means, an alternate, on-site H2O2 production method is needed. Advanced Drinking Water Purification technologies use neutral-pH H2O2 in combination with UV treatment to reach the desired Water purity targets. To produce neutral H2O2 on-site and on-demand for Drinking Water Purification, the electroreduction of oxygen at the cathode of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell operated in either electrolysis (power consuming) or fuel cell (power generating) mode could be a possible solution. The work presented here focuses on the H2/O2 fuel cell mode to produce H2O2. The fuel cell reactor is operated with a continuous flow of carrier Water through the cathode to remove the product H2O2. The impact of the cobalt–carbon composite cathode catalyst loading, Teflon content in the cathode gas diffusion layer, and cathode carrier Water flowrate on the production of H2O2 are examined. H2O2 production rates of up to 200 μmol h−1 cmgeometric −2 are achieved using a continuous flow of carrier Water operating at 30 % current efficiency. Operation times of more than 24 h have shown consistent H2O2 and power production, with no degradation of the cobalt catalyst.
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Drinking Water Purification by electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide in a power-producing PEM fuel cell.
ChemSusChem, 2013Co-Authors: Arman Bonakdarpour, Előd L Gyenge, David P WilkinsonAbstract:The industrial anthraquinone auto-oxidation process produces most of the world's supply of hydrogen peroxide. For applications that require small amounts of H2 O2 or have economically difficult transportation means, an alternate, on-site H2 O2 production method is needed. Advanced Drinking Water Purification technologies use neutral-pH H2 O2 in combination with UV treatment to reach the desired Water purity targets. To produce neutral H2 O2 on-site and on-demand for Drinking Water Purification, the electroreduction of oxygen at the cathode of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell operated in either electrolysis (power consuming) or fuel cell (power generating) mode could be a possible solution. The work presented here focuses on the H2 /O2 fuel cell mode to produce H2 O2 . The fuel cell reactor is operated with a continuous flow of carrier Water through the cathode to remove the product H2 O2 . The impact of the cobalt-carbon composite cathode catalyst loading, Teflon content in the cathode gas diffusion layer, and cathode carrier Water flowrate on the production of H2 O2 are examined. H2 O2 production rates of up to 200 μmol h(-1) cmgeometric (-2) are achieved using a continuous flow of carrier Water operating at 30 % current efficiency. Operation times of more than 24 h have shown consistent H2 O2 and power production, with no degradation of the cobalt catalyst.
Arman Bonakdarpour - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Drinking Water Purification by Electrosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide in a Power‐Producing PEM Fuel Cell
Chemsuschem, 2013Co-Authors: Winton Li, Előd L Gyenge, Arman Bonakdarpour, David P WilkinsonAbstract:The industrial anthraquinone auto-oxidation process produces most of the world’s supply of hydrogen peroxide. For applications that require small amounts of H2O2 or have economically difficult transportation means, an alternate, on-site H2O2 production method is needed. Advanced Drinking Water Purification technologies use neutral-pH H2O2 in combination with UV treatment to reach the desired Water purity targets. To produce neutral H2O2 on-site and on-demand for Drinking Water Purification, the electroreduction of oxygen at the cathode of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell operated in either electrolysis (power consuming) or fuel cell (power generating) mode could be a possible solution. The work presented here focuses on the H2/O2 fuel cell mode to produce H2O2. The fuel cell reactor is operated with a continuous flow of carrier Water through the cathode to remove the product H2O2. The impact of the cobalt–carbon composite cathode catalyst loading, Teflon content in the cathode gas diffusion layer, and cathode carrier Water flowrate on the production of H2O2 are examined. H2O2 production rates of up to 200 μmol h−1 cmgeometric −2 are achieved using a continuous flow of carrier Water operating at 30 % current efficiency. Operation times of more than 24 h have shown consistent H2O2 and power production, with no degradation of the cobalt catalyst.
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Drinking Water Purification by electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide in a power-producing PEM fuel cell.
ChemSusChem, 2013Co-Authors: Arman Bonakdarpour, Előd L Gyenge, David P WilkinsonAbstract:The industrial anthraquinone auto-oxidation process produces most of the world's supply of hydrogen peroxide. For applications that require small amounts of H2 O2 or have economically difficult transportation means, an alternate, on-site H2 O2 production method is needed. Advanced Drinking Water Purification technologies use neutral-pH H2 O2 in combination with UV treatment to reach the desired Water purity targets. To produce neutral H2 O2 on-site and on-demand for Drinking Water Purification, the electroreduction of oxygen at the cathode of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell operated in either electrolysis (power consuming) or fuel cell (power generating) mode could be a possible solution. The work presented here focuses on the H2 /O2 fuel cell mode to produce H2 O2 . The fuel cell reactor is operated with a continuous flow of carrier Water through the cathode to remove the product H2 O2 . The impact of the cobalt-carbon composite cathode catalyst loading, Teflon content in the cathode gas diffusion layer, and cathode carrier Water flowrate on the production of H2 O2 are examined. H2 O2 production rates of up to 200 μmol h(-1) cmgeometric (-2) are achieved using a continuous flow of carrier Water operating at 30 % current efficiency. Operation times of more than 24 h have shown consistent H2 O2 and power production, with no degradation of the cobalt catalyst.
Előd L Gyenge - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Drinking Water Purification by Electrosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide in a Power‐Producing PEM Fuel Cell
Chemsuschem, 2013Co-Authors: Winton Li, Előd L Gyenge, Arman Bonakdarpour, David P WilkinsonAbstract:The industrial anthraquinone auto-oxidation process produces most of the world’s supply of hydrogen peroxide. For applications that require small amounts of H2O2 or have economically difficult transportation means, an alternate, on-site H2O2 production method is needed. Advanced Drinking Water Purification technologies use neutral-pH H2O2 in combination with UV treatment to reach the desired Water purity targets. To produce neutral H2O2 on-site and on-demand for Drinking Water Purification, the electroreduction of oxygen at the cathode of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell operated in either electrolysis (power consuming) or fuel cell (power generating) mode could be a possible solution. The work presented here focuses on the H2/O2 fuel cell mode to produce H2O2. The fuel cell reactor is operated with a continuous flow of carrier Water through the cathode to remove the product H2O2. The impact of the cobalt–carbon composite cathode catalyst loading, Teflon content in the cathode gas diffusion layer, and cathode carrier Water flowrate on the production of H2O2 are examined. H2O2 production rates of up to 200 μmol h−1 cmgeometric −2 are achieved using a continuous flow of carrier Water operating at 30 % current efficiency. Operation times of more than 24 h have shown consistent H2O2 and power production, with no degradation of the cobalt catalyst.
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Drinking Water Purification by electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide in a power-producing PEM fuel cell.
ChemSusChem, 2013Co-Authors: Arman Bonakdarpour, Előd L Gyenge, David P WilkinsonAbstract:The industrial anthraquinone auto-oxidation process produces most of the world's supply of hydrogen peroxide. For applications that require small amounts of H2 O2 or have economically difficult transportation means, an alternate, on-site H2 O2 production method is needed. Advanced Drinking Water Purification technologies use neutral-pH H2 O2 in combination with UV treatment to reach the desired Water purity targets. To produce neutral H2 O2 on-site and on-demand for Drinking Water Purification, the electroreduction of oxygen at the cathode of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell operated in either electrolysis (power consuming) or fuel cell (power generating) mode could be a possible solution. The work presented here focuses on the H2 /O2 fuel cell mode to produce H2 O2 . The fuel cell reactor is operated with a continuous flow of carrier Water through the cathode to remove the product H2 O2 . The impact of the cobalt-carbon composite cathode catalyst loading, Teflon content in the cathode gas diffusion layer, and cathode carrier Water flowrate on the production of H2 O2 are examined. H2 O2 production rates of up to 200 μmol h(-1) cmgeometric (-2) are achieved using a continuous flow of carrier Water operating at 30 % current efficiency. Operation times of more than 24 h have shown consistent H2 O2 and power production, with no degradation of the cobalt catalyst.
Winton Li - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Drinking Water Purification by Electrosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide in a Power‐Producing PEM Fuel Cell
Chemsuschem, 2013Co-Authors: Winton Li, Előd L Gyenge, Arman Bonakdarpour, David P WilkinsonAbstract:The industrial anthraquinone auto-oxidation process produces most of the world’s supply of hydrogen peroxide. For applications that require small amounts of H2O2 or have economically difficult transportation means, an alternate, on-site H2O2 production method is needed. Advanced Drinking Water Purification technologies use neutral-pH H2O2 in combination with UV treatment to reach the desired Water purity targets. To produce neutral H2O2 on-site and on-demand for Drinking Water Purification, the electroreduction of oxygen at the cathode of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell operated in either electrolysis (power consuming) or fuel cell (power generating) mode could be a possible solution. The work presented here focuses on the H2/O2 fuel cell mode to produce H2O2. The fuel cell reactor is operated with a continuous flow of carrier Water through the cathode to remove the product H2O2. The impact of the cobalt–carbon composite cathode catalyst loading, Teflon content in the cathode gas diffusion layer, and cathode carrier Water flowrate on the production of H2O2 are examined. H2O2 production rates of up to 200 μmol h−1 cmgeometric −2 are achieved using a continuous flow of carrier Water operating at 30 % current efficiency. Operation times of more than 24 h have shown consistent H2O2 and power production, with no degradation of the cobalt catalyst.
Hiroaki Furumai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of Backwashing on Granular Activated Carbon with Ammonium Removal Potential in a Full-Scale Drinking Water Purification Plant
Water, 2018Co-Authors: Jia Niu, Ikuro Kasuga, Futoshi Kurisu, Hiroaki FurumaiAbstract:Granular activated carbon (GAC) has been widely introduced to advanced Drinking Water Purification plants to remove organic matter and ammonium. Backwashing, which is the routine practice for GAC maintenance, is an important operational factor influencing the performance of GAC and its microbial biomass. In this study, the effects of backwashing on the ammonium removal potential of GAC were evaluated. In addition, abundances of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) on GAC were analyzed. GAC samples before and after backwashing were collected from a full-scale Drinking Water Purification plant. Samplings were conducted before and after implementation of prechlorination of raw Water. The results showed that the ammonium removal potential of the GAC increased by 12% after backwashing before prechlorination (p < 0.01). After implementing the prechlorination, the ammonium removal potential of the GAC decreased by 12% even after backwashing (p < 0.01). The AOA was predominant on the GAC in the two samplings. Regardless of prechlorination, the amounts of the AOA and the AOB remained at the same level before and after backwashing. Analysis of the backwashing Water indicated that the amounts of the AOA and AOB washed out from the GAC were negligible (0.08%–0.26%) compared with their original amounts on the GAC. These results revealed the marginal role of backwashing on the biomass of ammonia oxidizers on GAC. However, the results also revealed that backwashing could have a negative impact on the ammonium removal potential of GAC during prechlorination.
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Abundance and diversity of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria on granular activated carbon and their fates during Drinking Water Purification process
Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 2015Co-Authors: Jia Niu, Ikuro Kasuga, Futoshi Kurisu, Hiroaki Furumai, Takaaki Shigeeda, Kazuhiko TakahashiAbstract:Ammonia is a precursor to trichloramine, which causes an undesirable chlorinous odor. Granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration is used to biologically oxidize ammonia during Drinking Water Purification; however, little information is available regarding the abundance and diversity of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) associated with GAC. In addition, their sources and fates in Water Purification process remain unknown. In this study, six GAC samples were collected from five full-scale Drinking Water Purification plants in Tokyo during summer and winter, and the abundance and community structure of AOA and AOB associated with GAC were studied in these two seasons. In summer, archaeal and bacterial amoA genes on GACs were present at 3.7 × 105–3.9 × 108 gene copies/g-dry and 4.5 × 106–4.2 × 108 gene copies/g-dry, respectively. In winter, archaeal amoA genes remained at the same level, while bacterial amoA genes decreased significantly for all GACs. No differences were observed in the community diversity of AOA and AOB from summer to winter. Phylogenetic analysis revealed high AOA diversity in group I.1a and group I.1b in raw Water. Terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of processed Water samples revealed that AOA diversity decreased dramatically to only two OTUs in group I.1a after ozonation, which were identical to those detected on GAC. It suggests that ozonation plays an important role in determining AOA diversity on GAC. Further study on the cell-specific activity of AOA and AOB is necessary to understand their contributions to in situ nitrification performance.
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Evaluation of autotrophic growth of ammonia-oxidizers associated with granular activated carbon used for Drinking Water Purification by DNA-stable isotope probing
Water research, 2013Co-Authors: Jia Niu, Ikuro Kasuga, Futoshi Kurisu, Hiroaki Furumai, Takaaki ShigeedaAbstract:Abstract Nitrification is an important biological function of granular activated carbon (GAC) used in advanced Drinking Water Purification processes. Newly discovered ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) have challenged the traditional understanding of ammonia oxidation, which considered ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) as the sole ammonia-oxidizers. Previous studies demonstrated the predominance of AOA on GAC, but the contributions of AOA and AOB to ammonia oxidation remain unclear. In the present study, DNA-stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP) was used to investigate the autotrophic growth of AOA and AOB associated with GAC at two different ammonium concentrations (0.14 mg N/L and 1.4 mg N/L). GAC samples collected from three full-scale Drinking Water Purification plants in Tokyo, Japan, had different abundance of AOA and AOB. These samples were fed continuously with ammonium and 13 C-bicarbonate for 14 days. The DNA-SIP analysis demonstrated that only AOA assimilated 13 C-bicarbonate at low ammonium concentration, whereas AOA and AOB exhibited autotrophic growth at high ammonium concentration. This indicates that a lower ammonium concentration is preferable for AOA growth. Since AOA could not grow without ammonium, their autotrophic growth was coupled with ammonia oxidation. Overall, our results point towards an important role of AOA in nitrification in GAC filters treating low concentration of ammonium.
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Evaluation of source Water quality for selection of Drinking Water Purification system
Water Supply, 2008Co-Authors: N. Hayashi, Hiroaki Furumai, H. Yokota, M. FujiwaraAbstract:When renewing Water Purification facilities, it is important to select a suitable Purification system that can accommodate the quality of the respective source Water. The Japan Water Research Center has been collecting a large amount of Water quality data from Drinking-Water utilities across Japan, categorising and analysing these data, and evaluating the suitability of Water Purification processes. Multivariate analyses such as hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis were performed to investigate the relationships between the quality of source Water used for Water supply and various factors that affect the Purification process. Based on these results, Water sources throughout Japan were clearly categorised into four groups, and suitable Water Purification systems were identified for the different Water quality groups. The results can serve as an important reference for Water utilities during future facility renewal projects.
