The Experts below are selected from a list of 315 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Richard J Maude - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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role of mass Drug Administration in elimination of plasmodium falciparum malaria a consensus modelling study
The Lancet Global Health, 2017Co-Authors: Oliver J Brady, Hannah C Slater, Peter Pembertonross, Edward Allen Wenger, Richard J Maude, Azra C Ghani, Melissa A PennyAbstract:Summary Background Mass Drug Administration for elimination of Plasmodium falciparum malaria is recommended by WHO in some settings. We used consensus modelling to understand how to optimise the effects of mass Drug Administration in areas with low malaria transmission. Methods We collaborated with researchers doing field trials to establish a standard intervention scenario and standard transmission setting, and we input these parameters into four previously published models. We then varied the number of rounds of mass Drug Administration, coverage, duration, timing, importation of infection, and pre-Administration transmission levels. The outcome of interest was the percentage reduction in annual mean prevalence of P falciparum parasite rate as measured by PCR in the third year after the final round of mass Drug Administration. Findings The models predicted differing magnitude of the effects of mass Drug Administration, but consensus answers were reached for several factors. Mass Drug Administration was predicted to reduce transmission over a longer timescale than accounted for by the prophylactic effect alone. Percentage reduction in transmission was predicted to be higher and last longer at lower baseline transmission levels. Reduction in transmission resulting from mass Drug Administration was predicted to be temporary, and in the absence of scale-up of other interventions, such as vector control, transmission would return to pre-Administration levels. The proportion of the population treated in a year was a key determinant of simulated effectiveness, irrespective of whether people are treated through high coverage in a single round or new individuals are reached by implementation of several rounds. Mass Drug Administration was predicted to be more effective if continued over 2 years rather than 1 year, and if done at the time of year when transmission is lowest. Interpretation Mass Drug Administration has the potential to reduce transmission for a limited time, but is not an effective replacement for existing vector control. Unless elimination is achieved, mass Drug Administration has to be repeated regularly for sustained effect. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Melissa A Penny - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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role of mass Drug Administration in elimination of plasmodium falciparum malaria a consensus modelling study
The Lancet Global Health, 2017Co-Authors: Oliver J Brady, Hannah C Slater, Peter Pembertonross, Edward Allen Wenger, Richard J Maude, Azra C Ghani, Melissa A PennyAbstract:Summary Background Mass Drug Administration for elimination of Plasmodium falciparum malaria is recommended by WHO in some settings. We used consensus modelling to understand how to optimise the effects of mass Drug Administration in areas with low malaria transmission. Methods We collaborated with researchers doing field trials to establish a standard intervention scenario and standard transmission setting, and we input these parameters into four previously published models. We then varied the number of rounds of mass Drug Administration, coverage, duration, timing, importation of infection, and pre-Administration transmission levels. The outcome of interest was the percentage reduction in annual mean prevalence of P falciparum parasite rate as measured by PCR in the third year after the final round of mass Drug Administration. Findings The models predicted differing magnitude of the effects of mass Drug Administration, but consensus answers were reached for several factors. Mass Drug Administration was predicted to reduce transmission over a longer timescale than accounted for by the prophylactic effect alone. Percentage reduction in transmission was predicted to be higher and last longer at lower baseline transmission levels. Reduction in transmission resulting from mass Drug Administration was predicted to be temporary, and in the absence of scale-up of other interventions, such as vector control, transmission would return to pre-Administration levels. The proportion of the population treated in a year was a key determinant of simulated effectiveness, irrespective of whether people are treated through high coverage in a single round or new individuals are reached by implementation of several rounds. Mass Drug Administration was predicted to be more effective if continued over 2 years rather than 1 year, and if done at the time of year when transmission is lowest. Interpretation Mass Drug Administration has the potential to reduce transmission for a limited time, but is not an effective replacement for existing vector control. Unless elimination is achieved, mass Drug Administration has to be repeated regularly for sustained effect. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
L Larsson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evidence based strategies for preventing Drug Administration errors during anaesthesia
Anaesthesia, 2004Co-Authors: L S Jensen, Af Merry, Craig Webster, Jennifer Weller, L LarssonAbstract:Summary We developed evidence-based recommendations for the minimisation of errors in intravenous Drug Administration in anaesthesia from a systematic review of the literature that identified 98 relevant references (14 with experimental designs or incident reports and 19 with reports of cases or case series). We validated the recommendations using reports of Drug errors collected in a previous study. One general and five specific strong recommendations were generated: systematic countermeasures should be used to decrease the number of Drug Administration errors in anaesthesia; the label on any Drug ampoule or syringe should be read carefully before a Drug is drawn up or injected; the legibility and contents of labels on ampoules and syringes should be optimised according to agreed standards; syringes should (almost) always be labelled; formal organisation of Drug drawers and workspaces should be used; labels should be checked with a second person or a device before a Drug is drawn up or administered.
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the frequency and nature of Drug Administration error during anaesthesia
Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, 2001Co-Authors: Af Merry, Craig Webster, L Larsson, K A Mcgrath, Jennifer WellerAbstract:We aimed to establish the frequency and nature of Drug Administration error in anaesthesia (a significant subset of error in medicine) at two hospitals.Anaesthetists were asked to return a study fo...
Jefferson M Sesler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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intraosseous Drug Administration in children and adults during cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 2007Co-Authors: Marcia L Buck, Barbara S Wiggins, Jefferson M SeslerAbstract:Objective:To review and assess the available literature on the use of intraosseous (IO) Drug Administration during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, addressing the benefits and risks of using this method of Drug delivery in children and adults.Data Sources:The MEDLINE (1950–July 2007) database was searched for pertinent abstracts, using the key term intraosseous infusions. Additional references were obtained from the bibliographies of the articles reviewed. Manufacturer Web sites were used to obtain information about IO insertion devices.Study Selection and Data Extraction:All available English-language clinical trials, retrospective studies, and review articles describing IO Drug Administration were reviewed. Studies conducted in animal models to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of IO Drug Administration were also included.Data Synthesis:IO access uses the highly vascularized bone marrow to deliver fluids and medications during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. This route, developed in the 1940s, has been...
Peter Pembertonross - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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role of mass Drug Administration in elimination of plasmodium falciparum malaria a consensus modelling study
The Lancet Global Health, 2017Co-Authors: Oliver J Brady, Hannah C Slater, Peter Pembertonross, Edward Allen Wenger, Richard J Maude, Azra C Ghani, Melissa A PennyAbstract:Summary Background Mass Drug Administration for elimination of Plasmodium falciparum malaria is recommended by WHO in some settings. We used consensus modelling to understand how to optimise the effects of mass Drug Administration in areas with low malaria transmission. Methods We collaborated with researchers doing field trials to establish a standard intervention scenario and standard transmission setting, and we input these parameters into four previously published models. We then varied the number of rounds of mass Drug Administration, coverage, duration, timing, importation of infection, and pre-Administration transmission levels. The outcome of interest was the percentage reduction in annual mean prevalence of P falciparum parasite rate as measured by PCR in the third year after the final round of mass Drug Administration. Findings The models predicted differing magnitude of the effects of mass Drug Administration, but consensus answers were reached for several factors. Mass Drug Administration was predicted to reduce transmission over a longer timescale than accounted for by the prophylactic effect alone. Percentage reduction in transmission was predicted to be higher and last longer at lower baseline transmission levels. Reduction in transmission resulting from mass Drug Administration was predicted to be temporary, and in the absence of scale-up of other interventions, such as vector control, transmission would return to pre-Administration levels. The proportion of the population treated in a year was a key determinant of simulated effectiveness, irrespective of whether people are treated through high coverage in a single round or new individuals are reached by implementation of several rounds. Mass Drug Administration was predicted to be more effective if continued over 2 years rather than 1 year, and if done at the time of year when transmission is lowest. Interpretation Mass Drug Administration has the potential to reduce transmission for a limited time, but is not an effective replacement for existing vector control. Unless elimination is achieved, mass Drug Administration has to be repeated regularly for sustained effect. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
