The Experts below are selected from a list of 2013 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Thorsteinn Loftsson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Principles of Drug Degradation
Drug Stability for Pharmaceutical Scientists, 2020Co-Authors: Thorsteinn LoftssonAbstract:In this chapter, the kinetics of Drug Degradation is reviewed, and it is shown how various excipients, such as buffer salts and complexing agents, the phase distribution of the Drug such as in suspensions and emulsions, and external factors such as temperature, oxygen, and light, can influence reaction rates. It is shown how the shelf-life of Drug products can be enhanced through proper formulation. The chapter contains numerous practical examples of how various equations and theories are used to solve problems encountered during Drug stability testing.
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Drug Degradation in Solid State
Drug Stability for Pharmaceutical Scientists, 2020Co-Authors: Thorsteinn LoftssonAbstract:Almost all active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are in their solid state at room temperature, and the most common Drug dosage forms by far are solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules for oral Drug delivery. These solid states are heterogeneous systems, and frequently Drug Degradation occurs in microscopic aqueous domains within the solid material and follows the previously described Degradation mechanisms for aqueous suspensions. In other cases, the liquid domains consist of melted or partially melted API or excipients. In some cases the Degradation occurs where atmospheric oxygen comes in contact with the labile Drug, but in other cases the Degradation mechanism appears to be complex and difficult to explain.
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Drug Degradation in Semisolid Dosage Forms
Drug Stability for Pharmaceutical Scientists, 2020Co-Authors: Thorsteinn LoftssonAbstract:Semisolid dosage forms are Drug products of semisolid consistency intended to be topical applications to skin or mucous membranes, such as the eye surface, the buccal area, the nasal mucosa, and the rectal and vaginal tissues. The following is a brief introduction into Drug stability in semisolid dosage forms.
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Chapter 7 – Stability Testing
Drug Stability for Pharmaceutical Scientists, 2020Co-Authors: Thorsteinn LoftssonAbstract:In the preceding chapters, the kinetics and mechanisms of Drug Degradation have been described. Here, how these principles of Drug stability are applied in praxis during product development and marketing is described.
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Chapter 8 – Problems
Drug Stability for Pharmaceutical Scientists, 2020Co-Authors: Thorsteinn LoftssonAbstract:This chapter contains several practical problems on Drug Degradation. The problems are based on experimental data extracted from original research papers published in peer-reviewed journals. Answers to the problems are given in the appendix.
Gopal K. Khuller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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alginate based sustained release Drug delivery systems for tuberculosis
Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2008Co-Authors: Zahoor Ahmad, Gopal K. KhullerAbstract:Drug delivery systems have wide biomedical applications owing to their distinct therapeutic advantages, such as controlled release of Drugs over prolonged periods, protection against premature Drug Degradation, reduction in Drug toxicity and Drug–Drug interactions. All these factors are important considerations in the treatment of chronic infectious diseases such as tuberculosis. In tuberculosis, patient non-compliance is a vexing problem which is responsible not only for treatment failure, but also for the emergence of multi-Drug resistant cases. Alginate, a natural polymer, has attracted researchers owing to its ease of availability, compatibility with hydrophobic as well as hydrophilic molecules, biodegradability under physiological conditions, lack of toxicity and the ability to confer sustained release potential. It is not therefore surprising that the controlled release phenomenon of this polymer has been documented for a vast array of Drugs. In particular, the ability of alginate to co-encapsulate ...
Nelci F. Höehr - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Direct monitoring of Drug Degradation by easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry: the case of enalapril.
Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 2011Co-Authors: Phellipe H. Amaral, Marcos Nogueira Eberlin, Raquel Maria Trindade Fernandes, Nelci F. HöehrAbstract:Using enalapril maleate as a test case, the ability of ambient mass spectrometry, namely, via easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry (EASI-MS), to perform direct monitoring of Drug Degradation has been tested. Two manufacturing processes were investigated (direct compression and wet granulation), and the formation of Degradation products was measured via both EASI-MS and high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection for a total period of 18 months. Both techniques provide comparable results, which indicate that direct analysis by ambient mass spectrometric techniques presents a viable alternative for Drug Degradation monitoring with superior simplicity, throughput, and reliability (no sample manipulation), and comparable quantitative results. In terms of qualitative monitoring, the full mass spectra with intact species provided by EASI-MS allow for comprehensive monitoring of known and unknown (or unexpected) Degradation products. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Direct monitoring of Drug Degradation by easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry: The case of enalapril
Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 2011Co-Authors: Phellipe H. Amaral, Raquel Fernandes, Marcos Nogueira Eberlin, Nelci F. HöehrAbstract:Using enalapril maleate as a test case, the ability of ambient mass spectrometry, namely, via easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry (EASI-MS), to perform direct monitoring of Drug Degradation has been tested. Two manufacturing processes were investigated (direct compression and wet granulation), and the formation of Degradation products was measured via both EASI-MS and high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection for a total period of 18 months. Both techniques provide comparable results, which indicate that direct analysis by ambient mass spectrometric techniques presents a viable alternative for Drug Degradation monitoring with superior simplicity, throughput, and reliability (no sample manipulation), and comparable quantitative results. In terms of qualitative monitoring, the full mass spectra with intact species provided by EASI-MS allow for comprehensive monitoring of known and unknown (or unexpected) Degradation products.
Sergio D. Bergese - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Advanced Analgesic Drug Delivery and Nanobiotechnology
Drugs, 2017Co-Authors: Nicoleta Stoicea, Juan Fiorda-diaz, Carlos Arias-morales, Alicia A. Gonzalez-zacarias, Ana Mavarez-martinez, Stephen Marjoribanks, Nicholas Joseph, Muhammad Shabsigh, Sergio D. BergeseAbstract:Transdermal administration of analgesic medications offers several benefits over alternative routes of administration, including a decreased systemic Drug load with fewer side effects, and avoidance of Drug Degradation by the gastrointestinal tract. Transdermal administration also offers a convenient mode of Drug administration over an extended period of time, particularly desirable in pain medicine. A transdermal administration route may also offer increased safety for Drugs with a narrow therapeutic window. The primary barrier to transdermal Drug absorption is the skin itself. Transdermal nanotechnology offers a novel method of achieving enhanced dermal penetration with an extended delivery profile for analgesic Drugs, due to their small size and relatively large surface area. Several materials have been used to enhance Drug duration and transdermal penetration. The application of nanotechnology in transdermal delivery of analgesics has raised new questions regarding safety and ethical issues. The small molecular size of nanoparticles enables Drug delivery to previously inaccessible body sites. To ensure safety, the interaction of nanoparticles with the human body requires further investigation on an individual Drug basis, since different formulations have unique properties and side effects.
Zahoor Ahmad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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alginate based sustained release Drug delivery systems for tuberculosis
Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2008Co-Authors: Zahoor Ahmad, Gopal K. KhullerAbstract:Drug delivery systems have wide biomedical applications owing to their distinct therapeutic advantages, such as controlled release of Drugs over prolonged periods, protection against premature Drug Degradation, reduction in Drug toxicity and Drug–Drug interactions. All these factors are important considerations in the treatment of chronic infectious diseases such as tuberculosis. In tuberculosis, patient non-compliance is a vexing problem which is responsible not only for treatment failure, but also for the emergence of multi-Drug resistant cases. Alginate, a natural polymer, has attracted researchers owing to its ease of availability, compatibility with hydrophobic as well as hydrophilic molecules, biodegradability under physiological conditions, lack of toxicity and the ability to confer sustained release potential. It is not therefore surprising that the controlled release phenomenon of this polymer has been documented for a vast array of Drugs. In particular, the ability of alginate to co-encapsulate ...
