The Experts below are selected from a list of 324 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
P N Sarma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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anaerobic treatment of wastewater with high suspended solids from a bulk Drug Industry using fixed film reactor affr
Bioresource Technology, 2004Co-Authors: Gangagni A Rao, Venkata G Naidu, Krishna K Prasad, Chandrasekhar N Rao, Venkata S Mohan, Annapurna Jetty, P N SarmaAbstract:Studies were carried out on the treatment of wastewater from a bulk Drug Industry using an anaerobic fixed film reactor (AFFR) designed and fabricated in the laboratory. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total dissolved solids (TDS) of the wastewater were found to be very high with low biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) to COD ratio and high total suspended solid (TSS) concentration. Acclimatization of seed consortia and startup of the reactor was carried out by directly using the wastewater, which resulted in reducing the period of startup to 30 days. The reactor was studied at different organic loading rates (OLR) and it was found that the optimum OLR was 10 kg COD/m(3)/day. The wastewater under investigation, which had a considerable quantity of SS, was treated anaerobically without any pretreatment. COD and BOD of the reactor outlet wastewater were monitored and at steady state and optimum OLR 60-70% of COD and 80-90% of BOD were removed. The reactor was subjected to organic shock loads at two different OLR and the reaction could withstand the shocks and performance could be restored to normalcy at that OLR. The results obtained indicated that AFFR could be used efficiently for the treatment of wastewater from a bulk Drug Industry having high COD, TDS and TSS.
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Anaerobic treatment of wastewater with high suspended solids from a bulk Drug Industry using fixed film reactor (AFFR).
Bioresource technology, 2004Co-Authors: A Gangagni Rao, Krishna K Prasad, Annapurna Jetty, G Venkata Naidu, N Chandrasekhar Rao, S Venkata Mohan, P N SarmaAbstract:Studies are carried out on the treatment of wastewater from a bulk Drug Industry using an anaerobic fixed film reactor (AFFR) designed and fabricated in the laboratory. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total dissolved solids (TDS) of the wastewater are found to be very high with low Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) to COD ratio and high total suspended solid (TSS) concentration. Acclimatization of seed consortia and start up of the reactor is carried out by directly using the wastewater, which resulted in reducing the period of startup to 30 days. The reactor is studied at different organic loading rates (OLR) and it is found that the optimum OLR is 10 kg COD/m3/day. The wastewater under investigation, which is having considerable quantity of SS, is treated anaerobically without any pretreatment. The COD and BOD of the reactor outlet wastewater are monitored and reduction at steady state and optimum OLR is observed to be 60-70% of COD and 80-90% of BOD. The reactor is subjected to organic shock loads at two different OLR and it is observed that the reactor could withstand shocks and performance could be restored to normalcy at that OLR. The results obtained indicated that AFFR could be used efficiently for the treatment of wastewater from a bulk Drug Industry having high COD, TDS and TSS.
Annapurna Jetty - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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anaerobic treatment of wastewater with high suspended solids from a bulk Drug Industry using fixed film reactor affr
Bioresource Technology, 2004Co-Authors: Gangagni A Rao, Venkata G Naidu, Krishna K Prasad, Chandrasekhar N Rao, Venkata S Mohan, Annapurna Jetty, P N SarmaAbstract:Studies were carried out on the treatment of wastewater from a bulk Drug Industry using an anaerobic fixed film reactor (AFFR) designed and fabricated in the laboratory. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total dissolved solids (TDS) of the wastewater were found to be very high with low biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) to COD ratio and high total suspended solid (TSS) concentration. Acclimatization of seed consortia and startup of the reactor was carried out by directly using the wastewater, which resulted in reducing the period of startup to 30 days. The reactor was studied at different organic loading rates (OLR) and it was found that the optimum OLR was 10 kg COD/m(3)/day. The wastewater under investigation, which had a considerable quantity of SS, was treated anaerobically without any pretreatment. COD and BOD of the reactor outlet wastewater were monitored and at steady state and optimum OLR 60-70% of COD and 80-90% of BOD were removed. The reactor was subjected to organic shock loads at two different OLR and the reaction could withstand the shocks and performance could be restored to normalcy at that OLR. The results obtained indicated that AFFR could be used efficiently for the treatment of wastewater from a bulk Drug Industry having high COD, TDS and TSS.
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Anaerobic treatment of wastewater with high suspended solids from a bulk Drug Industry using fixed film reactor (AFFR).
Bioresource technology, 2004Co-Authors: A Gangagni Rao, Krishna K Prasad, Annapurna Jetty, G Venkata Naidu, N Chandrasekhar Rao, S Venkata Mohan, P N SarmaAbstract:Studies are carried out on the treatment of wastewater from a bulk Drug Industry using an anaerobic fixed film reactor (AFFR) designed and fabricated in the laboratory. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total dissolved solids (TDS) of the wastewater are found to be very high with low Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) to COD ratio and high total suspended solid (TSS) concentration. Acclimatization of seed consortia and start up of the reactor is carried out by directly using the wastewater, which resulted in reducing the period of startup to 30 days. The reactor is studied at different organic loading rates (OLR) and it is found that the optimum OLR is 10 kg COD/m3/day. The wastewater under investigation, which is having considerable quantity of SS, is treated anaerobically without any pretreatment. The COD and BOD of the reactor outlet wastewater are monitored and reduction at steady state and optimum OLR is observed to be 60-70% of COD and 80-90% of BOD. The reactor is subjected to organic shock loads at two different OLR and it is observed that the reactor could withstand shocks and performance could be restored to normalcy at that OLR. The results obtained indicated that AFFR could be used efficiently for the treatment of wastewater from a bulk Drug Industry having high COD, TDS and TSS.
Krishna K Prasad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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anaerobic treatment of wastewater with high suspended solids from a bulk Drug Industry using fixed film reactor affr
Bioresource Technology, 2004Co-Authors: Gangagni A Rao, Venkata G Naidu, Krishna K Prasad, Chandrasekhar N Rao, Venkata S Mohan, Annapurna Jetty, P N SarmaAbstract:Studies were carried out on the treatment of wastewater from a bulk Drug Industry using an anaerobic fixed film reactor (AFFR) designed and fabricated in the laboratory. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total dissolved solids (TDS) of the wastewater were found to be very high with low biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) to COD ratio and high total suspended solid (TSS) concentration. Acclimatization of seed consortia and startup of the reactor was carried out by directly using the wastewater, which resulted in reducing the period of startup to 30 days. The reactor was studied at different organic loading rates (OLR) and it was found that the optimum OLR was 10 kg COD/m(3)/day. The wastewater under investigation, which had a considerable quantity of SS, was treated anaerobically without any pretreatment. COD and BOD of the reactor outlet wastewater were monitored and at steady state and optimum OLR 60-70% of COD and 80-90% of BOD were removed. The reactor was subjected to organic shock loads at two different OLR and the reaction could withstand the shocks and performance could be restored to normalcy at that OLR. The results obtained indicated that AFFR could be used efficiently for the treatment of wastewater from a bulk Drug Industry having high COD, TDS and TSS.
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Anaerobic treatment of wastewater with high suspended solids from a bulk Drug Industry using fixed film reactor (AFFR).
Bioresource technology, 2004Co-Authors: A Gangagni Rao, Krishna K Prasad, Annapurna Jetty, G Venkata Naidu, N Chandrasekhar Rao, S Venkata Mohan, P N SarmaAbstract:Studies are carried out on the treatment of wastewater from a bulk Drug Industry using an anaerobic fixed film reactor (AFFR) designed and fabricated in the laboratory. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total dissolved solids (TDS) of the wastewater are found to be very high with low Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) to COD ratio and high total suspended solid (TSS) concentration. Acclimatization of seed consortia and start up of the reactor is carried out by directly using the wastewater, which resulted in reducing the period of startup to 30 days. The reactor is studied at different organic loading rates (OLR) and it is found that the optimum OLR is 10 kg COD/m3/day. The wastewater under investigation, which is having considerable quantity of SS, is treated anaerobically without any pretreatment. The COD and BOD of the reactor outlet wastewater are monitored and reduction at steady state and optimum OLR is observed to be 60-70% of COD and 80-90% of BOD. The reactor is subjected to organic shock loads at two different OLR and it is observed that the reactor could withstand shocks and performance could be restored to normalcy at that OLR. The results obtained indicated that AFFR could be used efficiently for the treatment of wastewater from a bulk Drug Industry having high COD, TDS and TSS.
Ahmed Khwaja - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the dynamic spillovers of entry an application to the generic Drug Industry
Management Science, 2018Co-Authors: Ronald A Gallant, Han Hong, Ahmed KhwajaAbstract:This paper examines whether experience from entry in one market can potentially enhance profitability at a future market opportunity for a related product. We formulate and estimate a dynamic game of entry in which forward-looking firms make decisions not just based on present benefits of past entry but also anticipating potential future benefits of current entry. Dynamic spillovers of entry are incorporated through a firm-specific unobservable to the researcher cost that depends on past entry decisions. The unobserved costs may also be serially persistent. Thus, the model allows for firm-specific unobserved heterogeneity that evolves based on firm actions. The challenge of estimating a dynamic game with serially correlated unobserved state variables subject to endogenous feedback is overcome by embedding a particle filter-based technique in a nested fixed-point algorithm. Using an application to a stylized model of entry in the generic pharmaceutical Industry, we underscore the motivation for the model specification and the methodology developed. Our estimates imply positive spillover effects of entry. Moreover, these spillovers suggest heterogeneity not just across firms but also within firms over time based on their history of entry decisions. Our results illustrate that entry may potentially provide firms with additional strategic advantage in later markets and that entry spillovers may be an important factor to consider in the equilibrium evolution of the generic Drug Industry. The web appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2648 . This paper was accepted by J. Miguel Villas-Boas, marketing.
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dynamic entry with cross product spillovers an application to the generic Drug Industry
2010Co-Authors: Ronald A Gallant, Han Hong, Ahmed KhwajaAbstract:Experience in one product market can potentially improve firm performance in a related product market in the future. Thus, entry into a market is determined not just by profits in that market but also by its future impact on profitability in other markets. We formulate and estimate a dynamic model of entry decisions of firms in the presence of such spillovers using data on the generic Drug Industry. Spillovers imply that a firm’s unobserved “ability” to profit in a product market not only changes stochastically but is also is endogenous to past entry decisions. Therefore, the model needs to accommodate unobserved state variables that are endogenous to firm actions and serially correlated. We address the methodological challenge of estimating such a model using a sequential importance sampling based technique. Our estimates show significant spillover effects of entry on future profits. On average, each entry reduces costs by 7% at the next entry opportunity. On average there are eight entry opportunities annually. The average cumulative benefit of a firm that enters all eight markets in a year is 51%. We conclude that spillovers are critical in the equilibrium evolution of the structure of the generic Drug Industry.
A Gangagni Rao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Anaerobic treatment of wastewater with high suspended solids from a bulk Drug Industry using fixed film reactor (AFFR).
Bioresource technology, 2004Co-Authors: A Gangagni Rao, Krishna K Prasad, Annapurna Jetty, G Venkata Naidu, N Chandrasekhar Rao, S Venkata Mohan, P N SarmaAbstract:Studies are carried out on the treatment of wastewater from a bulk Drug Industry using an anaerobic fixed film reactor (AFFR) designed and fabricated in the laboratory. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total dissolved solids (TDS) of the wastewater are found to be very high with low Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) to COD ratio and high total suspended solid (TSS) concentration. Acclimatization of seed consortia and start up of the reactor is carried out by directly using the wastewater, which resulted in reducing the period of startup to 30 days. The reactor is studied at different organic loading rates (OLR) and it is found that the optimum OLR is 10 kg COD/m3/day. The wastewater under investigation, which is having considerable quantity of SS, is treated anaerobically without any pretreatment. The COD and BOD of the reactor outlet wastewater are monitored and reduction at steady state and optimum OLR is observed to be 60-70% of COD and 80-90% of BOD. The reactor is subjected to organic shock loads at two different OLR and it is observed that the reactor could withstand shocks and performance could be restored to normalcy at that OLR. The results obtained indicated that AFFR could be used efficiently for the treatment of wastewater from a bulk Drug Industry having high COD, TDS and TSS.
