The Experts below are selected from a list of 261 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Z. Werner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Laboratory-unit investigations of palladium-treated titanium foil for Dry Scrubber application
Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 2001Co-Authors: Jerzy Piekoszewski, Andrzej G. Chmielewski, Janusz Licki, B. Sartowska, Z. Werner, S.d. Barson, Peter Skeldon, G.e. Thompson, E. Richter, E. WieserAbstract:Abstract Titanium foil is employed for electron transparent windows in the electron beam Dry Scrubber process. The foil suffers corrosion, which limits the window life. Here, the examination of a palladium-coated window, prepared by ion beam assisted deposition and plasma source ion assisted deposition (PSIAD), after service in a pilot-scale plant is reported. Most significantly, the adhesion of the coating was reduced by the flue gas. Where the coating remained adherent, corrosion was negligible. Elsewhere, general, intergranular and pitting corrosion occurred. A PSIAD coating provided the best performance.
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investigation of ion assisted palladium treatments for improved corrosion resistance of titanium foil in the electron beam Dry Scrubber process
Surface & Coatings Technology, 2000Co-Authors: S.d. Barson, G.e. Thompson, E. Richter, P Skeldon, A Kolitsch, X Wieser, J Piekoszewski, A G Chmielewski, Z. WernerAbstract:Abstract Titanium foil windows have been employed in the Dry scrubbing of flue gases by electron beam irradiation, with the window lifetime limited by corrosion. As part of a programme aimed at improving the lifetime of windows, the corrosion resistance of titanium foil has been assessed following palladium surface treatments applied by vacuum evaporation, ion beam mixing, ion beam assisted deposition and plasma source ion assisted deposition, with production of palladium layers up to approximately 400 nm thick. For evaluation of corrosion behaviours, immersion tests and potential–time and potentio-dynamic polarization measurements were carried out, mainly in 0.1 M H2SO4 and 0.1 M HNO3 environments at 80°C, which approximates the possible conditions in a plant. The foil surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy and nuclear reaction analysis to determine the nature of surface degradation and changes in surface compositions. The results indicated major improvements in the corrosion resistance of the titanium foil from all palladium treatments, with surfaces undergoing relatively minor or negligible corrosion following immersion testing for up to 2000 h. However, the coatings often suffered loss of adhesion with extended periods of immersion in H2SO4, either locally or generally, possibly associated with the presence of a thin oxide layer at the interface between the coating and the substrate. The optimum performance was found for coatings produced by ion beam assisted deposition and plasma source ion assisted deposition. The coated foil revealed significantly increased open-circuit potentials compared with untreated titanium, which assists protection of the titanium foil when the coating is detached locally from the substrate.
S.d. Barson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Laboratory-unit investigations of palladium-treated titanium foil for Dry Scrubber application
Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 2001Co-Authors: Jerzy Piekoszewski, Andrzej G. Chmielewski, Janusz Licki, B. Sartowska, Z. Werner, S.d. Barson, Peter Skeldon, G.e. Thompson, E. Richter, E. WieserAbstract:Abstract Titanium foil is employed for electron transparent windows in the electron beam Dry Scrubber process. The foil suffers corrosion, which limits the window life. Here, the examination of a palladium-coated window, prepared by ion beam assisted deposition and plasma source ion assisted deposition (PSIAD), after service in a pilot-scale plant is reported. Most significantly, the adhesion of the coating was reduced by the flue gas. Where the coating remained adherent, corrosion was negligible. Elsewhere, general, intergranular and pitting corrosion occurred. A PSIAD coating provided the best performance.
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investigation of ion assisted palladium treatments for improved corrosion resistance of titanium foil in the electron beam Dry Scrubber process
Surface & Coatings Technology, 2000Co-Authors: S.d. Barson, G.e. Thompson, E. Richter, P Skeldon, A Kolitsch, X Wieser, J Piekoszewski, A G Chmielewski, Z. WernerAbstract:Abstract Titanium foil windows have been employed in the Dry scrubbing of flue gases by electron beam irradiation, with the window lifetime limited by corrosion. As part of a programme aimed at improving the lifetime of windows, the corrosion resistance of titanium foil has been assessed following palladium surface treatments applied by vacuum evaporation, ion beam mixing, ion beam assisted deposition and plasma source ion assisted deposition, with production of palladium layers up to approximately 400 nm thick. For evaluation of corrosion behaviours, immersion tests and potential–time and potentio-dynamic polarization measurements were carried out, mainly in 0.1 M H2SO4 and 0.1 M HNO3 environments at 80°C, which approximates the possible conditions in a plant. The foil surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy and nuclear reaction analysis to determine the nature of surface degradation and changes in surface compositions. The results indicated major improvements in the corrosion resistance of the titanium foil from all palladium treatments, with surfaces undergoing relatively minor or negligible corrosion following immersion testing for up to 2000 h. However, the coatings often suffered loss of adhesion with extended periods of immersion in H2SO4, either locally or generally, possibly associated with the presence of a thin oxide layer at the interface between the coating and the substrate. The optimum performance was found for coatings produced by ion beam assisted deposition and plasma source ion assisted deposition. The coated foil revealed significantly increased open-circuit potentials compared with untreated titanium, which assists protection of the titanium foil when the coating is detached locally from the substrate.
James K. Neathery - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Model for flue‐gas desulfurization in a circulating Dry Scrubber
Aiche Journal, 2004Co-Authors: James K. NeatheryAbstract:A simple model was developed to describe the absorption of SO{sub 2} in a circulating Dry scrubbing (CDS) process, which is a semi Dry, lime-based, flue-gas desulfurization (FGD) process that utilizes a circulating fluidized bed arrangement for contacting a sorbent with SO{sub 2}-laden flue gas under coolside conditions. The reaction chemistry is thought to be similar to that of spray-Drying absorption. The liquid-phase mass-transfer coefficient was successfully modeled as a function of the sorbent particle spacing on the wetted surfaces. Gas-phase mass-transfer resistances were assumed to be insignificant. Due to the high surface area available in a CDS reactor, the evaporation rate of water from the slurry was modeled as constant-rate Drying according to classic spray-Dryer theory. However, the falling-rate and diffusion evaporation stages were negligible in CDS since sorbent particle bunching at the surface of the slurry is nonexistent.
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model for flue gas desulfurization in a circulating Dry Scrubber
Aiche Journal, 1996Co-Authors: James K. NeatheryAbstract:A simple model was developed to describe the absorption of SO{sub 2} in a circulating Dry scrubbing (CDS) process, which is a semi Dry, lime-based, flue-gas desulfurization (FGD) process that utilizes a circulating fluidized bed arrangement for contacting a sorbent with SO{sub 2}-laden flue gas under coolside conditions. The reaction chemistry is thought to be similar to that of spray-Drying absorption. The liquid-phase mass-transfer coefficient was successfully modeled as a function of the sorbent particle spacing on the wetted surfaces. Gas-phase mass-transfer resistances were assumed to be insignificant. Due to the high surface area available in a CDS reactor, the evaporation rate of water from the slurry was modeled as constant-rate Drying according to classic spray-Dryer theory. However, the falling-rate and diffusion evaporation stages were negligible in CDS since sorbent particle bunching at the surface of the slurry is nonexistent.
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An experimental study of ammonia effects in a circulating Dry Scrubber process
1995Co-Authors: James K. Neathery, J.l. Schaefer, J.m. StencelAbstract:Utilities and independent power plants have increased needs to install both de-NO{sub x} and flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems on coal-fired boilers. Many de-NO{sub x} processes are based on the reduction of nitrogen oxides (NO{sub x}) by ammonia (NH{sub 3}) to elemental nitrogen (N{sub 2}). When applied upstream of a Dry FGD system the issue of NH{sub 3} slippage, which may influence the scrubbing chemistry and/or the proficiency of the particulate collector`s performance, has become a concern. This paper addresses some of those concerns as they relate to the circulating Dry Scrubber (CDS) process. Fundamental aspects of sulfur capture and sorbent utilization under various Ca/S ratios and inlet NH{sub 3} concentrations were investigated with a 5.6 m{sup 3} min{sup -1} (200 ft{sup 3} min{sup -1}) pilot-scale CDS reactor. The objective of this research was to elucidate possible benefits (e.g., increased sulfur capture) and adverse side-effects (e.g., increased baghouse pressure drop) resulting from trace amounts of NH{sub 3} in the flue gas.
G.e. Thompson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Laboratory-unit investigations of palladium-treated titanium foil for Dry Scrubber application
Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 2001Co-Authors: Jerzy Piekoszewski, Andrzej G. Chmielewski, Janusz Licki, B. Sartowska, Z. Werner, S.d. Barson, Peter Skeldon, G.e. Thompson, E. Richter, E. WieserAbstract:Abstract Titanium foil is employed for electron transparent windows in the electron beam Dry Scrubber process. The foil suffers corrosion, which limits the window life. Here, the examination of a palladium-coated window, prepared by ion beam assisted deposition and plasma source ion assisted deposition (PSIAD), after service in a pilot-scale plant is reported. Most significantly, the adhesion of the coating was reduced by the flue gas. Where the coating remained adherent, corrosion was negligible. Elsewhere, general, intergranular and pitting corrosion occurred. A PSIAD coating provided the best performance.
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investigation of ion assisted palladium treatments for improved corrosion resistance of titanium foil in the electron beam Dry Scrubber process
Surface & Coatings Technology, 2000Co-Authors: S.d. Barson, G.e. Thompson, E. Richter, P Skeldon, A Kolitsch, X Wieser, J Piekoszewski, A G Chmielewski, Z. WernerAbstract:Abstract Titanium foil windows have been employed in the Dry scrubbing of flue gases by electron beam irradiation, with the window lifetime limited by corrosion. As part of a programme aimed at improving the lifetime of windows, the corrosion resistance of titanium foil has been assessed following palladium surface treatments applied by vacuum evaporation, ion beam mixing, ion beam assisted deposition and plasma source ion assisted deposition, with production of palladium layers up to approximately 400 nm thick. For evaluation of corrosion behaviours, immersion tests and potential–time and potentio-dynamic polarization measurements were carried out, mainly in 0.1 M H2SO4 and 0.1 M HNO3 environments at 80°C, which approximates the possible conditions in a plant. The foil surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy and nuclear reaction analysis to determine the nature of surface degradation and changes in surface compositions. The results indicated major improvements in the corrosion resistance of the titanium foil from all palladium treatments, with surfaces undergoing relatively minor or negligible corrosion following immersion testing for up to 2000 h. However, the coatings often suffered loss of adhesion with extended periods of immersion in H2SO4, either locally or generally, possibly associated with the presence of a thin oxide layer at the interface between the coating and the substrate. The optimum performance was found for coatings produced by ion beam assisted deposition and plasma source ion assisted deposition. The coated foil revealed significantly increased open-circuit potentials compared with untreated titanium, which assists protection of the titanium foil when the coating is detached locally from the substrate.
E. Richter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Laboratory-unit investigations of palladium-treated titanium foil for Dry Scrubber application
Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 2001Co-Authors: Jerzy Piekoszewski, Andrzej G. Chmielewski, Janusz Licki, B. Sartowska, Z. Werner, S.d. Barson, Peter Skeldon, G.e. Thompson, E. Richter, E. WieserAbstract:Abstract Titanium foil is employed for electron transparent windows in the electron beam Dry Scrubber process. The foil suffers corrosion, which limits the window life. Here, the examination of a palladium-coated window, prepared by ion beam assisted deposition and plasma source ion assisted deposition (PSIAD), after service in a pilot-scale plant is reported. Most significantly, the adhesion of the coating was reduced by the flue gas. Where the coating remained adherent, corrosion was negligible. Elsewhere, general, intergranular and pitting corrosion occurred. A PSIAD coating provided the best performance.
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investigation of ion assisted palladium treatments for improved corrosion resistance of titanium foil in the electron beam Dry Scrubber process
Surface & Coatings Technology, 2000Co-Authors: S.d. Barson, G.e. Thompson, E. Richter, P Skeldon, A Kolitsch, X Wieser, J Piekoszewski, A G Chmielewski, Z. WernerAbstract:Abstract Titanium foil windows have been employed in the Dry scrubbing of flue gases by electron beam irradiation, with the window lifetime limited by corrosion. As part of a programme aimed at improving the lifetime of windows, the corrosion resistance of titanium foil has been assessed following palladium surface treatments applied by vacuum evaporation, ion beam mixing, ion beam assisted deposition and plasma source ion assisted deposition, with production of palladium layers up to approximately 400 nm thick. For evaluation of corrosion behaviours, immersion tests and potential–time and potentio-dynamic polarization measurements were carried out, mainly in 0.1 M H2SO4 and 0.1 M HNO3 environments at 80°C, which approximates the possible conditions in a plant. The foil surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy and nuclear reaction analysis to determine the nature of surface degradation and changes in surface compositions. The results indicated major improvements in the corrosion resistance of the titanium foil from all palladium treatments, with surfaces undergoing relatively minor or negligible corrosion following immersion testing for up to 2000 h. However, the coatings often suffered loss of adhesion with extended periods of immersion in H2SO4, either locally or generally, possibly associated with the presence of a thin oxide layer at the interface between the coating and the substrate. The optimum performance was found for coatings produced by ion beam assisted deposition and plasma source ion assisted deposition. The coated foil revealed significantly increased open-circuit potentials compared with untreated titanium, which assists protection of the titanium foil when the coating is detached locally from the substrate.
