The Experts below are selected from a list of 231 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Stefan Simon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comparative analysis of eastern and western Drying Oil binding media used in polychromic artworks by pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry under the influence of pigments
Microchemical Journal, 2015Co-Authors: Na Wang, Xiang Zhao, Stefan SimonAbstract:Abstract The mostly used Drying-Oils as binding media in historical artworks of eastern tung-Oil and western linseed-Oil, poppy-Oil, walnut-Oil are comparatively identified by on-line methylated pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py–GC/MS). Based on the analysis of un-pigmented and pigmented reference samples after treated by natural aging, hydro-thermal aging and UV aging, respectively, the characteristic pyrolysis products of all Drying-Oils are classed into mono-carboxylic acids (C6–8, 14, 16, 18, 20), di-carboxylic acids (2C6–12), glycerol, erythritol, 2-tridecanone, 8-hydroxy-octanoic acid, 3-octyl-oxiraneoctanoic acid and 2,6,10-trimethyl-9-undecenoic acid. Both benzene derivative and 9,10-dihydroxy-octadecanoic acid are suggested as the marked components for distinguishing eastern and western Drying-Oil. The investigated pigments of malachite, cinnabar, azurite and ochre do not show obvious influence on the detection of characteristic pyrolysis products of Drying-Oil, but they are proved to accelerate the aging and hydrolyzing rate of Drying-Oil, especially the pigment of cinnabar. The established on-line methylated Py–GC/MS procedure and the summarized data have been successfully applied on the identification of raw tung-Oil and bOiled tung-Oil in historical painting samples collected from Drum Tower (Ming Dynasty), Bell Tower (Ming Dynasty), and Thousand-Buddha Cliff Grotto (Tang Dynasty). It is believed that the established Py–GC/MS procedure is able to provide wide application in archeological research.
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Comparative analysis of eastern and western Drying-Oil binding media used in polychromic artworks by pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry under the influence of pigments
Microchemical Journal, 2015Co-Authors: Na Wang, Xiang Zhao, Stefan SimonAbstract:Abstract The mostly used Drying-Oils as binding media in historical artworks of eastern tung-Oil and western linseed-Oil, poppy-Oil, walnut-Oil are comparatively identified by on-line methylated pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py–GC/MS). Based on the analysis of un-pigmented and pigmented reference samples after treated by natural aging, hydro-thermal aging and UV aging, respectively, the characteristic pyrolysis products of all Drying-Oils are classed into mono-carboxylic acids (C6–8, 14, 16, 18, 20), di-carboxylic acids (2C6–12), glycerol, erythritol, 2-tridecanone, 8-hydroxy-octanoic acid, 3-octyl-oxiraneoctanoic acid and 2,6,10-trimethyl-9-undecenoic acid. Both benzene derivative and 9,10-dihydroxy-octadecanoic acid are suggested as the marked components for distinguishing eastern and western Drying-Oil. The investigated pigments of malachite, cinnabar, azurite and ochre do not show obvious influence on the detection of characteristic pyrolysis products of Drying-Oil, but they are proved to accelerate the aging and hydrolyzing rate of Drying-Oil, especially the pigment of cinnabar. The established on-line methylated Py–GC/MS procedure and the summarized data have been successfully applied on the identification of raw tung-Oil and bOiled tung-Oil in historical painting samples collected from Drum Tower (Ming Dynasty), Bell Tower (Ming Dynasty), and Thousand-Buddha Cliff Grotto (Tang Dynasty). It is believed that the established Py–GC/MS procedure is able to provide wide application in archeological research.
Yung Ngothai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Drying Oil-in-water Pickering emulsions to make redispersible powders
Advanced Powder Technology, 2017Co-Authors: Catherine P. Whitby, Haley Scarborough, Yung NgothaiAbstract:Abstract We report on the formation of powder by Drying Oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by silanised silica nanoparticles. Drying was achieved by spraying fine droplets (up to a hundred micrometres in diameter) of the emulsions into a chamber of hot, flowing air. We show that the surfaces of droplets of the emulsions become enriched with nanoparticles as the water evaporates in the Drying chamber. Controlling the relative amounts of Oil and particles in the droplets being dried is the key to encapsulating the Oil drops within the powder. Dried Pickering emulsions containing up to 40 wt% encapsulated Oil that could be dispersed in water as drops of the same size as in the original emulsion were produced.
V.i.e. Ajiwe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Extraction and utilization of Afzelia africana seed Oil
Bioresource Technology, 2000Co-Authors: V.i.e. Ajiwe, C.a. Okeke, H.u. AgboAbstract:Abstract Afzelia africana seed Oil was extracted by soxhlet. The percentage yield of the Oil was calculated as 25·80 ± 2·0. The saponification value, iodine value, acid value, free fatty acid, specific gravity and mean molecular mass were determined to assess the quality of the Oil. The iodine value showed that the Oil is a semi-Drying Oil; while the saponification value, acid value, free fatty acid and specific gravity proved that the Oil has low acidity, needs little purification and has a long shelf-life. The mean molecular mass suggested that it is not highly unsaturated. The iodine value further suggests that the Oil is similar to dehydrated castor Oil. The Oil was found to be useful for the formulation of alkyd resin and shoe polish.
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Extraction, characterization and industrial uses of velvet-tamarind, physic-nut and nicker-nut seed Oils
Bioresource Technology, 1996Co-Authors: V.i.e. Ajiwe, C.a. Okeke, H.u. Agbo, G.a. Ogunleye, S.c. EkwuozorAbstract:Oils were extracted from dried and crushed velvet-tamarind, physic-nut and nicker-nut seeds by soxhlet. The yields of Oils on weight of nut were 17.21±2.09, 47.40±0.02 and 34.00±0.83%, respectively, and the Oils had black, very light yellow and light brown colours. Velvet-tamarind Oil had a low iodine value which confirmed it as a non-Drying Oil. Physic- and nicker-nut Oils each had an iodine value that placed it as semi-Drying Oil. The saponification value of velvet-tamarind Oil was low, while its free fatty acid and acid values were high. The saponification value of physic nut was medium, while nicker nut was high. The mean molecular masses of these Oils were related to their saponification values, which showed the extent of saturation. Good solid soap was prepared from velvet-tamarind Oil because of its iodine value. The high free-fatty-acid value of velvet-tamarind Oil suggested its use for fatty acid preparation. The iodine values of physic- and nicker-nuts suggested their use for the preparation of high-quality alkyd resins, polish and paint, while physic-nut Oil also yielded a commercializable grease. Good liquid soap was made from nicker-nut Oil because of its high saponification value.
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Extraction and utilization of breadfruit seed Oil (Treculia africana)
Bioresource Technology, 1995Co-Authors: V.i.e. Ajiwe, C.a. Okeke, H.u. AgboAbstract:Abstract Oil was extracted from crushed breadfruit ( Treculia africana ) seeds by Soxhlet. The yield of the Oil was 20·83 ± 0·57%. Tests showed the Oil to be a semi-Drying Oil which is unsaturated, with a high saponification value, acidic and requires purification. The Oil could be used for making soap, hair shampoo and alkyd resin.
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Extraction and utilisation of cassava seed Oil
Bioresource Technology, 1994Co-Authors: V.i.e. Ajiwe, C.a. Okeke, S. C. Umerie, V.n. OburotaAbstract:Abstract Oil was extracted from crushed Cassava ( Manihot esculenta ) seeds by Soxhlet. The yield of the Oil was 23.75 ± 0.56%. The quality of the Oil was assessed in terms of iodine value, saponification value, acid value, free-fatty-acid content and specific gravity. These showed that it was a semi-Drying Oil which was highly unsaturated, non-acidic and would require only little purification. The Oil could be useful for making liquid soap and hair shampoo.
Na Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comparative analysis of eastern and western Drying Oil binding media used in polychromic artworks by pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry under the influence of pigments
Microchemical Journal, 2015Co-Authors: Na Wang, Xiang Zhao, Stefan SimonAbstract:Abstract The mostly used Drying-Oils as binding media in historical artworks of eastern tung-Oil and western linseed-Oil, poppy-Oil, walnut-Oil are comparatively identified by on-line methylated pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py–GC/MS). Based on the analysis of un-pigmented and pigmented reference samples after treated by natural aging, hydro-thermal aging and UV aging, respectively, the characteristic pyrolysis products of all Drying-Oils are classed into mono-carboxylic acids (C6–8, 14, 16, 18, 20), di-carboxylic acids (2C6–12), glycerol, erythritol, 2-tridecanone, 8-hydroxy-octanoic acid, 3-octyl-oxiraneoctanoic acid and 2,6,10-trimethyl-9-undecenoic acid. Both benzene derivative and 9,10-dihydroxy-octadecanoic acid are suggested as the marked components for distinguishing eastern and western Drying-Oil. The investigated pigments of malachite, cinnabar, azurite and ochre do not show obvious influence on the detection of characteristic pyrolysis products of Drying-Oil, but they are proved to accelerate the aging and hydrolyzing rate of Drying-Oil, especially the pigment of cinnabar. The established on-line methylated Py–GC/MS procedure and the summarized data have been successfully applied on the identification of raw tung-Oil and bOiled tung-Oil in historical painting samples collected from Drum Tower (Ming Dynasty), Bell Tower (Ming Dynasty), and Thousand-Buddha Cliff Grotto (Tang Dynasty). It is believed that the established Py–GC/MS procedure is able to provide wide application in archeological research.
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Comparative analysis of eastern and western Drying-Oil binding media used in polychromic artworks by pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry under the influence of pigments
Microchemical Journal, 2015Co-Authors: Na Wang, Xiang Zhao, Stefan SimonAbstract:Abstract The mostly used Drying-Oils as binding media in historical artworks of eastern tung-Oil and western linseed-Oil, poppy-Oil, walnut-Oil are comparatively identified by on-line methylated pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py–GC/MS). Based on the analysis of un-pigmented and pigmented reference samples after treated by natural aging, hydro-thermal aging and UV aging, respectively, the characteristic pyrolysis products of all Drying-Oils are classed into mono-carboxylic acids (C6–8, 14, 16, 18, 20), di-carboxylic acids (2C6–12), glycerol, erythritol, 2-tridecanone, 8-hydroxy-octanoic acid, 3-octyl-oxiraneoctanoic acid and 2,6,10-trimethyl-9-undecenoic acid. Both benzene derivative and 9,10-dihydroxy-octadecanoic acid are suggested as the marked components for distinguishing eastern and western Drying-Oil. The investigated pigments of malachite, cinnabar, azurite and ochre do not show obvious influence on the detection of characteristic pyrolysis products of Drying-Oil, but they are proved to accelerate the aging and hydrolyzing rate of Drying-Oil, especially the pigment of cinnabar. The established on-line methylated Py–GC/MS procedure and the summarized data have been successfully applied on the identification of raw tung-Oil and bOiled tung-Oil in historical painting samples collected from Drum Tower (Ming Dynasty), Bell Tower (Ming Dynasty), and Thousand-Buddha Cliff Grotto (Tang Dynasty). It is believed that the established Py–GC/MS procedure is able to provide wide application in archeological research.
H.u. Agbo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Extraction and utilization of Afzelia africana seed Oil
Bioresource Technology, 2000Co-Authors: V.i.e. Ajiwe, C.a. Okeke, H.u. AgboAbstract:Abstract Afzelia africana seed Oil was extracted by soxhlet. The percentage yield of the Oil was calculated as 25·80 ± 2·0. The saponification value, iodine value, acid value, free fatty acid, specific gravity and mean molecular mass were determined to assess the quality of the Oil. The iodine value showed that the Oil is a semi-Drying Oil; while the saponification value, acid value, free fatty acid and specific gravity proved that the Oil has low acidity, needs little purification and has a long shelf-life. The mean molecular mass suggested that it is not highly unsaturated. The iodine value further suggests that the Oil is similar to dehydrated castor Oil. The Oil was found to be useful for the formulation of alkyd resin and shoe polish.
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Extraction, characterization and industrial uses of velvet-tamarind, physic-nut and nicker-nut seed Oils
Bioresource Technology, 1996Co-Authors: V.i.e. Ajiwe, C.a. Okeke, H.u. Agbo, G.a. Ogunleye, S.c. EkwuozorAbstract:Oils were extracted from dried and crushed velvet-tamarind, physic-nut and nicker-nut seeds by soxhlet. The yields of Oils on weight of nut were 17.21±2.09, 47.40±0.02 and 34.00±0.83%, respectively, and the Oils had black, very light yellow and light brown colours. Velvet-tamarind Oil had a low iodine value which confirmed it as a non-Drying Oil. Physic- and nicker-nut Oils each had an iodine value that placed it as semi-Drying Oil. The saponification value of velvet-tamarind Oil was low, while its free fatty acid and acid values were high. The saponification value of physic nut was medium, while nicker nut was high. The mean molecular masses of these Oils were related to their saponification values, which showed the extent of saturation. Good solid soap was prepared from velvet-tamarind Oil because of its iodine value. The high free-fatty-acid value of velvet-tamarind Oil suggested its use for fatty acid preparation. The iodine values of physic- and nicker-nuts suggested their use for the preparation of high-quality alkyd resins, polish and paint, while physic-nut Oil also yielded a commercializable grease. Good liquid soap was made from nicker-nut Oil because of its high saponification value.
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Extraction and utilization of breadfruit seed Oil (Treculia africana)
Bioresource Technology, 1995Co-Authors: V.i.e. Ajiwe, C.a. Okeke, H.u. AgboAbstract:Abstract Oil was extracted from crushed breadfruit ( Treculia africana ) seeds by Soxhlet. The yield of the Oil was 20·83 ± 0·57%. Tests showed the Oil to be a semi-Drying Oil which is unsaturated, with a high saponification value, acidic and requires purification. The Oil could be used for making soap, hair shampoo and alkyd resin.
