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Catherine Harrington - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effect of pramlintide acetate on glycemic control and weight in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and in obese patients without diabetes a systematic review and meta analysis
Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, 2011Co-Authors: Devada Singhfranco, Alexandra Perez, Catherine HarringtonAbstract:Aim: The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effect of pramlintide on glycemic control, weight and incidence of nausea and hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and in obese patients without diabetes (OBP). Methods: Eight randomized, clinical trials were identified from multiple databases. Qualitative assessments and quantitative analyses were performed. Results: In four T2DM Studies (N = 930,Duration of Studies 16–52weeks,120–150mcg/dose BID–TID), all patients received insulin therapy. In four obesity Studies (N = 686,Duration of Studies 6–24weeks,120–360mcg/dose BID–TID), equivalent volumes of placebo were administered before major meals. Pramlintide significantly reduced haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (−0.33% [95% CI −0.51, −0.14], p = 0.004) and weight (−2.57 kg, [95% CI −3.44, −1.70], p < 0.00001) versus the control group. More patients in the control group reported hypoglycaemia of any severity versus the pramlintide group (risk ratio 0.84 [95% CI 0.69, 10.3], p = 0.09). In OBP, pramlintide caused a reduction in weight (−2.27 kg [95% CI −2.88, −1.66], p < 0.00001). When event data from both populations were combined, patients randomized to pramlintide were 1.8 times more likely to report nausea of any severity versus control (p = 0.0005). Conclusions: Pramlintide was associated with a small reduction in HbA1c, and a modest reduction in weight in patients with T2DM or OBP. There was increased incidence of nausea but not hypoglycaemia at any time during therapy. Studies about the long-term effect of pramlintide on diabetes- and cardiovascular-related complications and cost-effectiveness analyses are needed.
Noam Zussman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The true effect of students’ employment on the Duration of Studies
Applied Economics, 2016Co-Authors: Aviad Tur-sinai, Dmitri Romanov, Noam ZussmanAbstract:ABSTRACTWe examine the effect of the first-degree students’ employment on the prolongation of their Studies. When employing a popular instrumental variable, the regional unemployment rate, we find a negative impact of students’ employment on Duration of Studies. Then, adding a predetermined IV – the individual’s employment prior to the beginning of academic Studies – turns the estimate positive. Furthermore, we find that the relationship between the extent of students’ employment and Duration of their Studies depends on their age: among the younger students (aged 22–26), the extent of employment has no effect on the Duration of Studies, while among the older students, the effect is positive and statistically significant.
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What is the True Effect of Students' Employment on the Duration of Studies?
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2010Co-Authors: Dmitri Romanov, Aviad Tur-sinai, Noam ZussmanAbstract:We examine the effect of the first-degree students' employment on the prolongation of their Studies. When employing a popular instrumental variable, the regional unemployment rate, we find a negative impact of students' employment on Duration of Studies. Then, adding a predetermined IV - the individual's employment prior to the beginning of academic Studies - turns the estimate positive. Furthermore, we find that the relationship between the extent of students’ employment and Duration of their Studies depends on their age: among the younger students (aged 22-26), the extent of employment has no effect on the Duration of Studies, while among the older students the effect is positive and statistically significant.
Zhan Siyan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Gastrointestinal Adverse Events of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis
CLINICAL THERAPEUTICS, 2017Co-Authors: Wu Shanshan, Chai Sanbao, Yang Jun, Cai Ting, Xu Yang, Yang Zhirong, Zhang Yuan, Ji Linong, Sun Feng, Zhan SiyanAbstract:Purpose: The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the effect of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors on gastrointestinal adverse events in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from inception through April 28, 2016. Randomized controlled trials that compared dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor based therapies with placebo and other hypoglycemic agents in type 2 diabetes were included. The Duration of Studies was at least 4 weeks. Findings: A total of 165 randomized controlled trials and 122,072 patients were included in the study. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors did not increase the incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events after the treatment with alogliptin (odds ratio [OR] = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.59-1.15), linagliptin (OR = 1.11; 95% CI, 0.92-1.35), saxagliptin (OR = 0.96; 95% CI, 0.80-1.15), sitagliptin (OR = 0.95; 95% CI, 0.64-1.14), teneligliptin (OR = 1.50; 95% CI, 0.81-2.77), and vildagliptin (OR = 0.80; 95% CI, 0.63-1.01) compared with placebo. Compared with glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors significantly decreased the incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events with alogliptin (OR = 0.26; 95% CI, 0.15-0.44), linagliptin (OR = 0.43; 95% CI, 0.25-0.74), saxagliptin (OR = 0.28; 95% CI, 0.17-0.46), sitagliptin (OR = 0.24; 95% CI, 0.170.35), and vildagliptin (OR = 0.27; 95% CI, 0.18-0.41). Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors were not associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal adverse events relative to metformin and a-glucosidase inhibitors, respectively. Implications: The network meta-analysis found that compared with glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists, metformin, and a-glucosidase inhibitor, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors are associated with a lower incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events. (C) 2017 Elsevier HS Journals, Inc. All rights reserved.National Natural Science Foundation of China [81302508]SCI(E)REVIEW91780-17893
Devada Singhfranco - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effect of pramlintide acetate on glycemic control and weight in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and in obese patients without diabetes a systematic review and meta analysis
Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, 2011Co-Authors: Devada Singhfranco, Alexandra Perez, Catherine HarringtonAbstract:Aim: The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effect of pramlintide on glycemic control, weight and incidence of nausea and hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and in obese patients without diabetes (OBP). Methods: Eight randomized, clinical trials were identified from multiple databases. Qualitative assessments and quantitative analyses were performed. Results: In four T2DM Studies (N = 930,Duration of Studies 16–52weeks,120–150mcg/dose BID–TID), all patients received insulin therapy. In four obesity Studies (N = 686,Duration of Studies 6–24weeks,120–360mcg/dose BID–TID), equivalent volumes of placebo were administered before major meals. Pramlintide significantly reduced haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (−0.33% [95% CI −0.51, −0.14], p = 0.004) and weight (−2.57 kg, [95% CI −3.44, −1.70], p < 0.00001) versus the control group. More patients in the control group reported hypoglycaemia of any severity versus the pramlintide group (risk ratio 0.84 [95% CI 0.69, 10.3], p = 0.09). In OBP, pramlintide caused a reduction in weight (−2.27 kg [95% CI −2.88, −1.66], p < 0.00001). When event data from both populations were combined, patients randomized to pramlintide were 1.8 times more likely to report nausea of any severity versus control (p = 0.0005). Conclusions: Pramlintide was associated with a small reduction in HbA1c, and a modest reduction in weight in patients with T2DM or OBP. There was increased incidence of nausea but not hypoglycaemia at any time during therapy. Studies about the long-term effect of pramlintide on diabetes- and cardiovascular-related complications and cost-effectiveness analyses are needed.
Buijs Ruben - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Characteristics and opinions of MD-PhD students and graduates from different European countries: a study from the European MD-PhD Association.
'EMH Swiss Medical Publishers Ltd.', 2020Co-Authors: Dos Santos Rocha Andre, Scherlinger Marc, Ostermann Laura, Mehler, David Marc Anton, Nadiradze Aleksandra, Schulze Friederike, Feldmeyer Laurence, De Koning Myrthe, Berbecar, Vlad Teodor, Buijs RubenAbstract:BACKGROUND MD-PhD programmes throughout the world provide a platform for medical trainees to commit to a physician-scientist career, qualifying with both a medical degree (MD or equivalent) and Doctor of Philosophy (PhD). However, there are limited Studies assessing the characteristics of MD-PhD programmes in Europe and the outcomes of MD-PhD students and graduates. PURPOSE This study aims at a first country-wise exploration of characteristics, opinions, and academic outcomes of MD-PhD students and graduates in Europe. METHODS Two questionnaires were developed to assess the demographics, MD-PhD programme characteristics, opinions, future career paths and academic outcomes of European MD-PhD students and graduates. An online survey of 278 MD-PhD students and 121 MD-PhD graduates from nine and six European countries, respectively, was completed between April 2016 and December 2017. The country-wise categorical responses were then compared through chi-square analysis followed by multiple logistic regression. RESULTS Responses from 266 MD-PhD students and 117 MD-PhD graduates were considered valid. Significant country-wise differences (p <0.05) were observed for age group, resident status, clinical time allocation, Duration of Studies, sources of funding, publications, average impact factor of the journals in which the research was published, satisfaction with the Duration of MD-PhD Studies and future career choices of MD-PhD students. Responses related to self-perception about clinical and research competence and challenges faced during MD-PhD training did not show a significant country-wise difference. CONCLUSION The MD-PhD workforce in Europe is highly diverse in their demographics, programme characteristics and career paths but does not differ in opinions related to the challenges faced. The results of this study may be helpful for implementation and improvement of MD-PhD programmes
