The Experts below are selected from a list of 189 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Pankaj Singh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cytochrome oxidase sensitivity to carbon monoxide in leaves of various tall and Dwarf wheat Cultivars and their crosses
Plant Cell Reports, 2002Co-Authors: Pankaj SinghAbstract:In order to investigate the possible role of Rht genes in the regulation of the redox condition of cytochrome a3 (cytochrome c oxidase) during steady-state respiration, wheat Cultivars belonging to one of two groups – NP 710, NP 846 and NP 875 belonging to the tall group and Olesons Dwarf, HD 1982 and HD 2122 of the Dwarf group – and the reciprocal crosses between the varieties of these two groups were examined for carbon monoxide (CO) sensitivity in terms of the inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport. Leaves of young wheat seedlings were used. Differences in the redox state of cytochrome a3 were monitored using the in vivo aerobic assay of nitrate reduction after a 1-min exposure to CO. Dwarf Cultivars possessing Rht genes responded marginally (≅10%) to CO inhibition, whereas the response of tall Cultivars to CO was higher (51–70%). Since CO forms a complex only with reduced cytochrome a3, the results indicate differences in the redox state of cytochrome a3 during in situ respiration of leaves from tall and Dwarf plants that are likely to be controlled by cytoplasmic factors.
Jianchang Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of genetic improvement of grain yield and nitrogen efficiency of mid-season indica rice Cultivars
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 2015Co-Authors: Yiwei Xiong, Hao Zhang, Jinglong Bian, Junfei Gu, Zhiqin Wang, Jianchang YangAbstract:Genetic improvement (GI) of mid-season indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) in China has been experienced four typical plant types during the past several decades, i.e., early tall Cultivars (ET), Dwarf Cultivars (DC), semi-Dwarf Cultivars (SDC) and super rice Cultivars (SR). However, little is known about the changes in fertilizer nitrogen (N) efficiency and their relationships with grain yield during the GI. With 12 representative mid-season indica Cultivars of the four types during GI, the effects of GI on grain yield and nitrogen efficiency were investigated. The results show that GI significantly increased grain yield and agronomic efficiency (AE) of N fertilizer but had no significant effect on recovery efficiency (RE) of N fertilizer. The low percentage of filled grains in modern SR limited its yield potential and the further increase in AE. GI decreased the N uptake from heading to maturity, leading to lower RE in modern rice Cultivars. The rapid decline of the activities of root oxidation and nitrate reductase in SR during grain filling might be the physiological reasons for the lower percentage of filled grains and lower N uptake from heading to maturity.
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Changes of Grain Quality During Evolution of Mid-season Indica Rice Cultivars in Jiangsu Province
Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2009Co-Authors: Hao Zhang, Jianchang YangAbstract:Improvement in rice quality is very important in rice production. However, little is known about the changes in rice quality during the evolution of Cultivars. In this study, 13 typical mid-season indica rice Cultivars (including hybrid combinations) applied in the production in Jiangsu Province during the last 60 years were used. These Cultivars were classified into five types of early tall Cultivars, Dwarf Cultivars, semi-Dwarf Cultivars, semi-Dwarf hybrids, and super rice according to their application times, plant types and genotypes. All the tested Cultivars were grown in the field and the evolution characteristics of the grain quality and yield were investigated. The milling quality (brown rice rate, milled rice rate, and head milled rice rate) differed within the same type of Cultivars, but showed no significant differences between types. Compared with those of old Cultivars (early tall and Dwarf Cultivars), the chalkiness, setback values, and prolamin protein content in grains were significantly decreased, whereas the break- down values and the contents of albumin and glutelin proteins, lysine, glycine, and arginine were significantly increased in grains of modern Cultivars (semi-Dwarf hybrids, and super rice). Grain yield was progressively increased with the evolution of the culti- vars. The increase in grain yield was mainly attributed to the increase in total number of spikelets, which resulted mainly from large panicles. The results suggest that both quality and yield are improved during the evolution for mid-season indica rice culti- vars.
Hao Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of genetic improvement of grain yield and nitrogen efficiency of mid-season indica rice Cultivars
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 2015Co-Authors: Yiwei Xiong, Hao Zhang, Jinglong Bian, Junfei Gu, Zhiqin Wang, Jianchang YangAbstract:Genetic improvement (GI) of mid-season indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) in China has been experienced four typical plant types during the past several decades, i.e., early tall Cultivars (ET), Dwarf Cultivars (DC), semi-Dwarf Cultivars (SDC) and super rice Cultivars (SR). However, little is known about the changes in fertilizer nitrogen (N) efficiency and their relationships with grain yield during the GI. With 12 representative mid-season indica Cultivars of the four types during GI, the effects of GI on grain yield and nitrogen efficiency were investigated. The results show that GI significantly increased grain yield and agronomic efficiency (AE) of N fertilizer but had no significant effect on recovery efficiency (RE) of N fertilizer. The low percentage of filled grains in modern SR limited its yield potential and the further increase in AE. GI decreased the N uptake from heading to maturity, leading to lower RE in modern rice Cultivars. The rapid decline of the activities of root oxidation and nitrate reductase in SR during grain filling might be the physiological reasons for the lower percentage of filled grains and lower N uptake from heading to maturity.
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Changes of Grain Quality During Evolution of Mid-season Indica Rice Cultivars in Jiangsu Province
Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2009Co-Authors: Hao Zhang, Jianchang YangAbstract:Improvement in rice quality is very important in rice production. However, little is known about the changes in rice quality during the evolution of Cultivars. In this study, 13 typical mid-season indica rice Cultivars (including hybrid combinations) applied in the production in Jiangsu Province during the last 60 years were used. These Cultivars were classified into five types of early tall Cultivars, Dwarf Cultivars, semi-Dwarf Cultivars, semi-Dwarf hybrids, and super rice according to their application times, plant types and genotypes. All the tested Cultivars were grown in the field and the evolution characteristics of the grain quality and yield were investigated. The milling quality (brown rice rate, milled rice rate, and head milled rice rate) differed within the same type of Cultivars, but showed no significant differences between types. Compared with those of old Cultivars (early tall and Dwarf Cultivars), the chalkiness, setback values, and prolamin protein content in grains were significantly decreased, whereas the break- down values and the contents of albumin and glutelin proteins, lysine, glycine, and arginine were significantly increased in grains of modern Cultivars (semi-Dwarf hybrids, and super rice). Grain yield was progressively increased with the evolution of the culti- vars. The increase in grain yield was mainly attributed to the increase in total number of spikelets, which resulted mainly from large panicles. The results suggest that both quality and yield are improved during the evolution for mid-season indica rice culti- vars.
Bruce L. Topp - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Anatomical structure associated with vegetative growth variation in macadamia
Plant and Soil, 2019Co-Authors: Benjamin D. Toft, Mobashwer M. Alam, Bruce L. ToppAbstract:AimsLow-vigour scion Cultivars and Dwarfing rootstocks are a significant contributing factor to the success of modern temperate orchard systems. Planting density and canopy efficiency are currently limited in macadamia by a lack of low-vigour Cultivars and rootstocks. The relationships between xylem vessel diameter, hydraulic conductivity and vigour are implicated in Dwarf Cultivars and low-vigour rootstocks of peach and apple. This study aims to determine relationships between vessel anatomy and tree-scale vigour in subtropical macadamia, to stimulate the development of low vigour Cultivars and Dwarfing rootstocks.MethodsStem sections from the most recent mature flush were collected from five replicates of three macadamia Cultivars: ‘D4’ (high vigour), ‘B25’ (intermediate vigour) and ‘B63’ (low vigour). Sections were imaged under a fluorescence microscope in order to measure the number and size of all xylem vessels in the stem.ResultsThe three Cultivars showed distinct differences in height over 5 years of measurement ( P
Huang Zuan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Changes in Morphological and Physiological Traits of Roots and Their Relationships with Grain Yield during the Evolution of Mid-season Indica Rice Cultivars in Jiangsu Province
Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2020Co-Authors: Huang ZuanAbstract:Roots are involved in acquisition of nutrients and water,synthesis of plant hormones,and anchorage of plants.However,little is known what changes in root physiology and morphology during the evolution of rice Cultivars.In this study,13 typical mid-season indica rice Cultivars (including hybrid combinations) applied in the production in Jiangsu Province during the last 60 years were used,which were classified into four types of early tall Cultivars,Dwarf Cultivars,semi-Dwarf Cultivars,and super rice Cultivars according to their application times,plant types and genotypes.All the tested Cultivars were grown in the field and changes in morphological and physiological traits of roots and their relationships with grain yield during the evolution of Cultivars were investigated.Results showed that the root dry weight,root weight density,root length,root length density and root diameter were increased with the evolution of the Cultivars at main growth stages.From the heading stage,the shoot dry weight was increased with the evolution of the Cultivars.Compared with other Cultivars,the root-shoot ratio of super rice Cultivars was increased at the mid-tillering and panicle initiation stages,but showed no significant differences among the four types of Cultivars at latter growth stages.Specific root length was decreased with the evolution of the Cultivars at the mid-tillering stage,and showed no significant differences among the four types of Cultivars at other growth stages.The root oxidation activity,leaf photosynthetic rate,total absorbing surface area and active absorbing surface area of root,and the content of cytokinins (zeatin + zeatin riboside) in root bleeding and grain yield were increased with the evolution of the Cultivars.Increase in grain yield was attributed mainly to the increase in total number of spikelets,which resulted mainly from a large panicle.Regression analysis showed that the root dry weight,root length,root diameter,root oxidation activity,total absorbing surface area and active absorbing surface area of root very significantly correlated with grain yield.The results suggest that the improved root and shoot growth increases grain yield of the modern Cultivars,especially super rice Cultivars.
