The Experts below are selected from a list of 28656 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Michael F Green - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Early Visual Processing Is Associated With Social Cognitive Performance in Recent-Onset Schizophrenia
Frontiers in psychiatry, 2020Co-Authors: Amanda Mccleery, Michael F Green, Jonathan K. Wynn, Junghee Lee, Eric A. Reavis, Joseph Ventura, Kenneth L. Subotnik, Keith H NuechterleinAbstract:Background: Early-stage Visual Processing deficits are evident in chronic schizophrenia. Consistent with a cascade model of information Processing, whereby Early perceptual processes have downstream effects on higher-order cognition, impaired Visual Processing is associated with deficits in social cognition in this clinical population. However, the nature of this relationship in the Early phase of illness is unknown. Here, we present data from a study of Early Visual Processing and social cognitive performance in recent-onset schizophrenia (ROSz). Method: Thirty-two people with ROSz and 20 healthy controls (HC) completed a Visual backward masking task using stimuli of real world objects (Object Masking) to assess Early-stage (i.e., 0 - 125 ms post-stimulus onset) Visual Processing. Subjects also completed two tasks of social cognition, one assessing relatively low-level processes of emotion identification (Emotion Biological Motion, EmoBio), and another assessing more complex, higher-order theory of mind abilities (The Awareness of Social Inference Test, TASIT). Group differences were tested with repeated measures ANOVAs and t-tests. Bivariate correlations tested the strength of associations between Early-stage Visual Processing and social cognitive performance in ROSz. Results: For Object Masking, the mask interfered with object identification over a longer interval for ROSz than for HC [F (3.01, 150.57) = 3.04, p = 0.03]. ROSz were less accurate on the EmoBio task [t (50) = -3.36, p = 0.001] and on the TASIT compared to HC [F (1, 50) = 38.37, p < 0.001]. For the TASIT ROSz were disproportionately impaired on items assessing sarcasm detection [F (1, 50) = 4.30, p = 0.04]. In ROSz, better Object Masking performance was associated with better social cognitive performance [r EmoBio = 0.45, p < 0.01; r TASIT = 0.41, p < 0.02]. Conclusion: Early-stage Visual Processing, low-level social cognition, and high-level social cognition were all significantly impaired in ROSz. Early-stage Visual Processing was associated with performance on the social cognitive tasks in ROSz, consistent with a cascade model of information Processing. These data suggest that interventions directed at Early Visual Processing may yield downstream effects on social cognitive processes.
-
Early Visual Processing is associated with social cognitive performance in recent onset schizophrenia
Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2020Co-Authors: Amanda Mccleery, Keith H Nuechterlein, Michael F Green, Jonathan K. Wynn, Junghee Lee, Eric A. Reavis, Joseph Ventura, Kenneth L. SubotnikAbstract:Background Early-stage Visual Processing deficits are evident in chronic schizophrenia. Consistent with a cascade model of information Processing, whereby Early perceptual processes have downstream effects on higher-order cognition, impaired Visual Processing is associated with deficits in social cognition in this clinical population. However, the nature of this relationship in the Early phase of illness is unknown. Here, we present data from a study of Early Visual Processing and social cognitive performance in recent-onset schizophrenia (ROSz). Method Thirty-two people with ROSz and 20 healthy controls (HC) completed a Visual backward masking task using stimuli of real world objects (Object Masking) to assess Early-stage (i.e., 0-125 ms post-stimulus onset) Visual Processing. Subjects also completed two tasks of social cognition, one assessing relatively low-level processes of emotion identification (Emotion Biological Motion, EmoBio), and another assessing more complex, higher-order theory of mind abilities (The Awareness of Social Inference Test, TASIT). Group differences were tested with repeated measures ANOVAs and t-tests. Bivariate correlations and linear regressions tested the strength of associations between Early-stage Visual Processing and social cognitive performance in ROSz. Results For Object Masking, the mask interfered with object identification over a longer interval for ROSz than for HC [F (3.19, 159.35) = 8.51, p < 0.001]. ROSz were less accurate on the EmoBio task [t (50) = -3.36, p = 0.001] and on the TASIT compared to HC [F (1, 50) = 38.37, p < 0.001]. For the TASIT ROSz were disproportionately impaired on items assessing sarcasm detection [F (1, 50) = 4.30, p = 0.04]. In ROSz, better Object Masking performance was associated with better social cognitive performance [rEmoBio = 0.45, p < 0.01; rTASIT = 0.41, p < 0.02]. Regression analyses did not provide significant support for low-level social cognition mediating the relationship between Visual Processing and high-level social cognition. Conclusion Early-stage Visual Processing, low-level social cognition, and high-level social cognition were all significantly impaired in ROSz. Early-stage Visual Processing was associated with performance on the social cognitive tasks in ROSz, consistent with a cascade model of information Processing. However, significant cascading effects within social cognition were not supported. These data suggest that interventions directed at Early Visual Processing may yield downstream effects on social cognitive processes.
-
Pathways between Early Visual Processing and functional outcome in schizophrenia.
Psychological medicine, 2010Co-Authors: Yuri Rassovsky, Mark J Sergi, Junghee Lee, William P. Horan, Michael F GreenAbstract:Results. First, we found that, similar to social perception, a measure of negative symptoms mediated the association between Visual information Processing and functional status. Second, we found that the inclusion of negative symptoms substantially enhanced the explanatory power of the model. Notably, it was the experiential aspect of negative symptoms (avolition and anhedonia) more than the expressive aspect (affective flattening and alogia) that accounted for significant variance in functional outcome, especially in the social component of the construct of functional outcome. Conclusions. Social perception and negative symptoms play relevant roles in functional impairment in schizophrenia. Both social perception and negative symptoms statistically mediate the connection between Visual Processing and functional outcome. However, given the lack of association between social perception and negative symptoms, these constructs appear to have an impact on functioning through separate pathways.
-
social perception as a mediator of the influence of Early Visual Processing on functional status in schizophrenia
American Journal of Psychiatry, 2006Co-Authors: Mark J Sergi, Yuri Rassovsky, Keith H Nuechterlein, Michael F GreenAbstract:OBJECTIVE: The potential of social cognition as a mediator of relations between neurocognition and functional status in schizophrenia has been suggested by correlational studies that link neurocognition to social cognition or link social cognition to functional status. The authors used structural equation modeling to test more directly whether one aspect of social cognition (social perception) mediates relations between basic Visual perception and functional status in patients with schizophrenia. METHOD: Seventy-five outpatients with schizophrenia were administered measures of Early Visual Processing (computerized Visual masking procedures), social perception (Half Profile of Nonverbal Sensitivity), and functional status (Role Functioning Scale). RESULTS: Structural equation modeling supported social perception as a mediator of relations between Early Visual Processing and functional status in schizophrenia. The mediation model indicated that Early Visual Processing is linked to functional status through ...
-
Social perception and Early Visual Processing in schizophrenia.
Schizophrenia research, 2003Co-Authors: Mark J Sergi, Michael F GreenAbstract:Persons with schizophrenia experience deficits in social cognition-the cognitive processes involved in how people perceive and interpret information about themselves, others, and social situations. These deficits may be related to the neurocognitive impairments often experienced by persons with schizophrenia. Our primary objective was to examine associations between social perception and Early Visual Processing in schizophrenia. Our secondary objective was to examine whether outpatients with schizophrenia and healthy persons differ in social perception. Forty outpatients with schizophrenia and 30 healthy persons completed a measure of social perception (the Half-Profile of Nonverbal Sensitivity), Visual masking procedures, and ratings of positive and negative symptoms. Within patients, performance on Visual masking procedures was related to performance on the Half-Profile of Nonverbal Sensitivity. Patients with schizophrenia and the healthy persons differed significantly in their performance on the Half-Profile of Nonverbal Sensitivity, but this difference became nonsignificant when education was a covariate. These findings suggest that social perception in schizophrenia is related to very Early aspects of Visual Processing.
Daniel C Javitt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Early Visual Processing Deficits in Dysbindin-Associated Schizophrenia. Commentary
Biological Psychiatry, 2008Co-Authors: Robert M. Bilder, Daniel C Javitt, Gary Donohoe, Derek W. Morris, Pierfilippo De Sanctis, Elena Magno, Jennifer L. Montesi, Hugh Garavan, Ian H. Robertson, Michael GillAbstract:Background: Variation at the dysbindin gene (DTNBP1) has been associated with increased risk for schizophrenia in numerous independent samples and recently with deficits in general and domain-specific cognitive Processing. The relationship between dysbindin risk variants and sensory-level deficits in schizophrenia remains to be explored. We investigated P1 performance, a component of Early Visual Processing on which both patients and their relatives show deficits, in carriers and noncarriers of a known dysbindin risk haplotype. Methods: Event-related potential responses to simple Visual isolated-check stimuli were measured using high-density electrical scalp recordings in 26 individuals meeting DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia, comprising 14 patients who were carriers of the dysbindin risk haplotype and 12 patients who were nonrisk haplotype carriers. Results: Carriers of the dysbindin risk haplotype demonstrated significantly reduced P1 amplitudes compared with noncarriers. A large effect size of d = .89 was calculated for the difference in P1 amplitude over scalp sites where the deficit was maximal. Conclusions: The P1 deficits associated with a dysbindin risk haplotype previously identified in our sample presents functional confirmation of its deleterious effect on brain activity. Building on evidence of dysbindin's role in higher cognitive function, these Early Visual Processing deficits suggest a generalized role for dysbindin in brain function and is likely to be part of the mechanism by which illness susceptibility is mediated.
-
Early Visual Processing deficits in dysbindin-associated schizophrenia.
Biological psychiatry, 2007Co-Authors: Gary Donohoe, Daniel C Javitt, Derek W. Morris, Pierfilippo De Sanctis, Elena Magno, Jennifer L. Montesi, Hugh Garavan, Ian H. Robertson, Michael Gill, Aiden CorvinAbstract:Background Variation at the dysbindin gene ( DTNBP1 ) has been associated with increased risk for schizophrenia in numerous independent samples and recently with deficits in general and domain-specific cognitive Processing. The relationship between dysbindin risk variants and sensory-level deficits in schizophrenia remains to be explored. We investigated P1 performance, a component of Early Visual Processing on which both patients and their relatives show deficits, in carriers and noncarriers of a known dysbindin risk haplotype. Methods Event-related potential responses to simple Visual isolated-check stimuli were measured using high-density electrical scalp recordings in 26 individuals meeting DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia, comprising 14 patients who were carriers of the dysbindin risk haplotype and 12 patients who were nonrisk haplotype carriers. Results Carriers of the dysbindin risk haplotype demonstrated significantly reduced P1 amplitudes compared with noncarriers. A large effect size of d=.89 was calculated for the difference in P1 amplitude over scalp sites where the deficit was maximal. Conclusions The P1 deficits associated with a dysbindin risk haplotype previously identified in our sample presents functional confirmation of its deleterious effect on brain activity. Building on evidence of dysbindin's role in higher cognitive function, these Early Visual Processing deficits suggest a generalized role for dysbindin in brain function and is likely to be part of the mechanism by which illness susceptibility is mediated.
-
a new dimension of sensory dysfunction stereopsis deficits in schizophrenia
Biological Psychiatry, 2006Co-Authors: Isaac Schechter, Roey Pasternak, Alice M Saperstein, Pamela D Butler, Daniel C Javitt, Maria JalbrzikowskiAbstract:Background Schizophrenia is a neurocognitive disorder with a wide range of cognitive and sensory impairments. Early Visual Processing has been shown to be especially impaired. This article investigates the integrity of binocular depth perception (stereopsis) in schizophrenia. Methods Seventeen schizophrenia patients and 19 healthy control subjects were compared on the Graded Circles Stereo Test. Results of stereoacuity were compared between patients and control subjects using t test. Results Schizophrenia patients demonstrated significantly ( p = .006) reduced stereoacuity (mean = 142 arcseconds) versus control subjects (mean = 55 arcseconds). At the normative level for adults, patients performed below chance. Conclusions These findings demonstrate an impairment of binocular depth perception and further confirm deficits of Early Visual Processing in schizophrenia. Findings are discussed in context of magnocellular/dorsal stream Processing with implications for Visual Processing and cognitive deficits.
-
Early Visual Processing deficits in schizophrenia impaired p1 generation revealed by high density electrical mapping
Neuroreport, 2001Co-Authors: John J Foxe, Glen M Doniger, Daniel C JavittAbstract:Integrity of Early Visual sensory Processing in schizophrenia was assessed using the well characterized P1 and N1 components of the Visual evoked potential (VEP) as our dependent measures. VEPs were recorded in response to successively less fragmented line drawings of common objects. PI amplitudes were significantly reduced across all stimulus conditions for patients versus controls. Further, this decrement was relatively greater at parieto-occipital than occipito-temporal electrode sites. No differences in N I amplitude were found. The finding of P I deficits in patients, particularly over dorsal scalp, supports the view that schizophrenia is associated with impairment of Early dorsal Visual stream Processing. On the other hand, the finding of normal NI amplitudes in patients suggests that Early stages of ventral stream Processing may be relatively more intact. These results imply that the cognitive impairment seen in schizophrenia is not just due to deficits in higher order aspects of cognition but also encompasses significant deficits in Early sensory Processing.
Keith H Nuechterlein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Early Visual Processing is associated with social cognitive performance in recent onset schizophrenia
Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2020Co-Authors: Amanda Mccleery, Keith H Nuechterlein, Michael F Green, Jonathan K. Wynn, Junghee Lee, Eric A. Reavis, Joseph Ventura, Kenneth L. SubotnikAbstract:Background Early-stage Visual Processing deficits are evident in chronic schizophrenia. Consistent with a cascade model of information Processing, whereby Early perceptual processes have downstream effects on higher-order cognition, impaired Visual Processing is associated with deficits in social cognition in this clinical population. However, the nature of this relationship in the Early phase of illness is unknown. Here, we present data from a study of Early Visual Processing and social cognitive performance in recent-onset schizophrenia (ROSz). Method Thirty-two people with ROSz and 20 healthy controls (HC) completed a Visual backward masking task using stimuli of real world objects (Object Masking) to assess Early-stage (i.e., 0-125 ms post-stimulus onset) Visual Processing. Subjects also completed two tasks of social cognition, one assessing relatively low-level processes of emotion identification (Emotion Biological Motion, EmoBio), and another assessing more complex, higher-order theory of mind abilities (The Awareness of Social Inference Test, TASIT). Group differences were tested with repeated measures ANOVAs and t-tests. Bivariate correlations and linear regressions tested the strength of associations between Early-stage Visual Processing and social cognitive performance in ROSz. Results For Object Masking, the mask interfered with object identification over a longer interval for ROSz than for HC [F (3.19, 159.35) = 8.51, p < 0.001]. ROSz were less accurate on the EmoBio task [t (50) = -3.36, p = 0.001] and on the TASIT compared to HC [F (1, 50) = 38.37, p < 0.001]. For the TASIT ROSz were disproportionately impaired on items assessing sarcasm detection [F (1, 50) = 4.30, p = 0.04]. In ROSz, better Object Masking performance was associated with better social cognitive performance [rEmoBio = 0.45, p < 0.01; rTASIT = 0.41, p < 0.02]. Regression analyses did not provide significant support for low-level social cognition mediating the relationship between Visual Processing and high-level social cognition. Conclusion Early-stage Visual Processing, low-level social cognition, and high-level social cognition were all significantly impaired in ROSz. Early-stage Visual Processing was associated with performance on the social cognitive tasks in ROSz, consistent with a cascade model of information Processing. However, significant cascading effects within social cognition were not supported. These data suggest that interventions directed at Early Visual Processing may yield downstream effects on social cognitive processes.
-
Early Visual Processing Is Associated With Social Cognitive Performance in Recent-Onset Schizophrenia
Frontiers in psychiatry, 2020Co-Authors: Amanda Mccleery, Michael F Green, Jonathan K. Wynn, Junghee Lee, Eric A. Reavis, Joseph Ventura, Kenneth L. Subotnik, Keith H NuechterleinAbstract:Background: Early-stage Visual Processing deficits are evident in chronic schizophrenia. Consistent with a cascade model of information Processing, whereby Early perceptual processes have downstream effects on higher-order cognition, impaired Visual Processing is associated with deficits in social cognition in this clinical population. However, the nature of this relationship in the Early phase of illness is unknown. Here, we present data from a study of Early Visual Processing and social cognitive performance in recent-onset schizophrenia (ROSz). Method: Thirty-two people with ROSz and 20 healthy controls (HC) completed a Visual backward masking task using stimuli of real world objects (Object Masking) to assess Early-stage (i.e., 0 - 125 ms post-stimulus onset) Visual Processing. Subjects also completed two tasks of social cognition, one assessing relatively low-level processes of emotion identification (Emotion Biological Motion, EmoBio), and another assessing more complex, higher-order theory of mind abilities (The Awareness of Social Inference Test, TASIT). Group differences were tested with repeated measures ANOVAs and t-tests. Bivariate correlations tested the strength of associations between Early-stage Visual Processing and social cognitive performance in ROSz. Results: For Object Masking, the mask interfered with object identification over a longer interval for ROSz than for HC [F (3.01, 150.57) = 3.04, p = 0.03]. ROSz were less accurate on the EmoBio task [t (50) = -3.36, p = 0.001] and on the TASIT compared to HC [F (1, 50) = 38.37, p < 0.001]. For the TASIT ROSz were disproportionately impaired on items assessing sarcasm detection [F (1, 50) = 4.30, p = 0.04]. In ROSz, better Object Masking performance was associated with better social cognitive performance [r EmoBio = 0.45, p < 0.01; r TASIT = 0.41, p < 0.02]. Conclusion: Early-stage Visual Processing, low-level social cognition, and high-level social cognition were all significantly impaired in ROSz. Early-stage Visual Processing was associated with performance on the social cognitive tasks in ROSz, consistent with a cascade model of information Processing. These data suggest that interventions directed at Early Visual Processing may yield downstream effects on social cognitive processes.
-
social perception as a mediator of the influence of Early Visual Processing on functional status in schizophrenia
American Journal of Psychiatry, 2006Co-Authors: Mark J Sergi, Yuri Rassovsky, Keith H Nuechterlein, Michael F GreenAbstract:OBJECTIVE: The potential of social cognition as a mediator of relations between neurocognition and functional status in schizophrenia has been suggested by correlational studies that link neurocognition to social cognition or link social cognition to functional status. The authors used structural equation modeling to test more directly whether one aspect of social cognition (social perception) mediates relations between basic Visual perception and functional status in patients with schizophrenia. METHOD: Seventy-five outpatients with schizophrenia were administered measures of Early Visual Processing (computerized Visual masking procedures), social perception (Half Profile of Nonverbal Sensitivity), and functional status (Role Functioning Scale). RESULTS: Structural equation modeling supported social perception as a mediator of relations between Early Visual Processing and functional status in schizophrenia. The mediation model indicated that Early Visual Processing is linked to functional status through ...
Matthias M. Müller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Emotional words facilitate lexical but not Early Visual Processing
BMC neuroscience, 2015Co-Authors: Sophie M. Trauer, Sonja A. Kotz, Matthias M. MüllerAbstract:Background Emotional scenes and faces have shown to capture and bind Visual resources at Early sensory Processing stages, i.e. in Early Visual cortex. However, emotional words have led to mixed results. In the current study ERPs were assessed simultaneously with steady-state Visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) to measure attention effects on Early Visual activity in emotional word Processing. Neutral and negative words were flickered at 12.14 Hz whilst participants performed a Lexical Decision Task.
-
Audio-Visual synchrony and feature-selective attention co-amplify Early Visual Processing
Experimental brain research, 2015Co-Authors: Christian Keitel, Matthias M. MüllerAbstract:Our brain relies on neural mechanisms of selective attention and converging sensory Processing to efficiently cope with rich and unceasing multisensory inputs. One prominent assumption holds that audio-Visual synchrony can act as a strong attractor for spatial attention. Here, we tested for a similar effect of audio-Visual synchrony on feature-selective attention. We presented two superimposed Gabor patches that differed in colour and orientation. On each trial, participants were cued to selectively attend to one of the two patches. Over time, spatial frequencies of both patches varied sinusoidally at distinct rates (3.14 and 3.63 Hz), giving rise to pulse-like percepts. A simultaneously presented pure tone carried a frequency modulation at the pulse rate of one of the two Visual stimuli to introduce audio-Visual synchrony. Pulsed stimulation elicited distinct time-locked oscillatory electrophysiological brain responses. These steady-state responses were quantified in the spectral domain to examine individual stimulus Processing under conditions of synchronous versus asynchronous tone presentation and when respective stimuli were attended versus unattended. We found that both, attending to the colour of a stimulus and its synchrony with the tone, enhanced its Processing. Moreover, both gain effects combined linEarly for attended in-sync stimuli. Our results suggest that audio-Visual synchrony can attract attention to specific stimulus features when stimuli overlap in space.
-
Attentional bias of competitive interactions in neuronal networks of Early Visual Processing in the human brain
NeuroImage, 2008Co-Authors: Sandra Fuchs, Thomas Gruber, Søren K. Andersen, Matthias M. MüllerAbstract:Abstract Multiple objects in a Visual scene compete for neuronal representation. We investigated competitive neuronal dynamics in cortical networks of Early Visual Processing in the human brain. Coloured picture streams flickered at 7.42 Hz, evoking the steady-state Visual evoked potential (SSVEP), an electrophysiological response of neuronal populations in Early Visual areas synchronised by the external pacemaker. While these picture streams were at a fixed location in the upper left and right quadrant, respectively, additional competing picture streams flickering at a different frequency were continuously changing the distance to the stationary streams by slow motion. Analysis of the 7.42 Hz SSVEP amplitude revealed significant amplitude decreases when the competing stimulus was closer than about 4.5° of Visual angle. Sources of the SSVEP suppression effect were found in Early Visual areas of the ventral and dorsal Processing streams. Attending the stationary stimulus resulted in no difference in 7.42 Hz SSVEP amplitude regardless of spatial separation to the competing stimulus. Contrary to the predictions of the model, we found co-amplification of the competing stimulus at close spatial proximity accompanied by an increase of an intermodulation frequency, suggesting integrated neuronal Processing of target and competing stimuli when both streams are close together.
Seung Hwan Lee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Early Visual Processing for low spatial frequency fearful face is correlated with cortical volume in patients with schizophrenia.
Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2015Co-Authors: Jung Suk Lee, Gewnhi Park, Myeong Ju Song, Kee-hong Choi, Seung Hwan LeeAbstract:Patients with schizophrenia present with dysfunction of the magnocellular pathway, which might impair their Early Visual Processing. We explored the relationship between functional abnormality of Early Visual Processing and brain volumetric changes in schizophrenia. Eighteen patients and 16 healthy controls underwent electroencephalographic recordings and high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. During electroencephalographic recordings, participants passively viewed neutral or fearful faces with broad, high, or low spatial frequency characteristics. Voxel-based morphometry was performed to investigate brain volume correlates of Visual Processing deficits. Event related potential analysis suggested that patients with schizophrenia had relatively impaired P100 Processing of low spatial frequency fearful face stimuli compared with healthy controls; patients' gray-matter volumes in the dorsolateral and medial prefrontal cortices positively correlated with this amplitude. In addition, patients' gray-matter volume in the right cuneus positively correlated with the P100 amplitude in the left hemisphere for the high spatial frequency neutral face condition and that in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex negatively correlated with the negative score of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. No significant correlations were observed in healthy controls. This study suggests that the cuneus and prefrontal cortex are significantly involved with the Early Visual Processing of magnocellular input in patients with schizophrenia.
-
Early Visual Processing deficits in patients with schizophrenia during spatial frequency-dependent facial affect Processing.
Schizophrenia research, 2014Co-Authors: Do-won Kim, Myeong Ju Song, Miseon Shim, Seung Hwan LeeAbstract:Abnormal facial emotion recognition is considered as one of the key symptoms of schizophrenia. Only few studies have considered deficits in the spatial frequency (SF)-dependent Visual pathway leading to abnormal facial emotion recognition in schizophrenia. Twenty-one patients with schizophrenia and 19 matched healthy controls (HC) were recruited for this study. Event-related potentials (ERP) were measured during presentation of SF-modulated face stimuli and their source imaging was analyzed. The patients showed reduced P100 amplitude for low-spatial frequency (LSF) pictures of fearful faces compared with the HC group. The P100 amplitude for high-spatial frequency (HSF) pictures of neutral faces was increased in the schizophrenia group, but not in the HC group. The neural source activities of the LSF fearful faces and HSF neutral faces led to hypo- and hyperactivation of the frontal lobe of subjects from the schizophrenia group and HC group, respectively. In addition, patients with schizophrenia showed enhanced N170 activation in the right hemisphere in the LSF condition, while the HC group did not. Our results suggest that deficits in the LSF-dependent Visual pathway, which involves magnocellular neurons, impair Early Visual Processing leading to dysfunctional facial emotion recognition in schizophrenia. Moreover, it suggests impaired bottom-up Processing rather than top-down dysfunction for facial emotion recognition in these patients.
