The Experts below are selected from a list of 216 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Tian-ling Ren - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The use of graphene-based Earphones in wireless communication
Tsinghua Science and Technology, 2015Co-Authors: Luqi Tao, He Tian, Yi Yang, Song Jiang, Cheng Li, Ningqin Deng, Danyang Wang, Tian-ling RenAbstract:Graphene-based materials have attracted much attention in recent years. Many researchers have demonstrated prototypes using graphene-based materials, but few specific applications have appeared. Graphene-based acoustic devices have become a popular topic. This paper describes a novel method to fabricate graphene-based Earphones by laser scribing. The Earphones have been used in wireless communication systems. A wireless communication system was built based on an ARM board. Voice from a mobile phone was transmitted to a graphene-based Earphone. The output sound had a similar wave envelope to that of the input; some differences were introduced by the DC bias added to the driving circuit of the graphene-based Earphone. The graphene-based Earphone was demonstrated to have a great potential in wireless communication.
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A flexible, transparent and ultrathin single-layer graphene Earphone
RSC Advances, 2015Co-Authors: He Tian, Mohammad Ali Mohammad, Yi Yang, Tian-ling RenAbstract:Graphene is flexible and transparent with one-atom layer thickness, and is a novel building block with potential applications in future portable devices. Herein a flexible, transparent and ultrathin Earphone based on single-layer graphene (SLG) is reported. The SLG Earphone operates in the frequency range of 20 Hz to 200 kHz and has a highest sound pressure level (SPL) of 70 dB at a 1 cm distance. The SPLs emitted from one to six layers of stacked SLG are compared. It is observed that the SPL decreases with an increasing number of stacked layers. The SLG Earphone, which is packaged with a commercial Earphone casing, can play music clearly. Compared with a conventional Earphone, the SLG Earphone has a broader frequency response and a lower fluctuation. Testing results in both time and frequency domains show a frequency doubling effect, which indicates that the working principle is based on the electro-thermoacoustic (ETA) effect. As the SLG Earphone operates in both the audible and ultrasonic frequency range, it can be used for a wide variety of applications.
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Graphene Earphones: entertainment for both humans and animals.
ACS nano, 2014Co-Authors: He Tian, Mohammad Ali Mohammad, Ya-long Cui, Yi Yang, Dan Xie, Tian-ling RenAbstract:The human hearing range is from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. However, many animals can hear much higher sound frequencies. Dolphins, especially, have a hearing range up to 300 kHz. To our knowledge, there is no data of a reported wide-band sound frequency Earphone to satisfy both humans and animals. Here, we show that graphene Earphones, packaged into commercial Earphone casings can play sounds ranging from 100 Hz to 50 kHz. By using a one-step laser scribing technology, wafer-scale flexible graphene Earphones can be obtained in 25 min. Compared with a normal commercial Earphone, the graphene Earphone has a wider frequency response (100 Hz to 50 kHz) and a three times lower fluctuation (±10 dB). A nonlinear effect exists in the graphene-generated sound frequency spectrum. This effect could be explained by the DC bias added to the input sine waves which may induce higher harmonics. Our numerical calculations show that the sound frequency emitted by graphene could reach up to 1 MHz. In addition, we have demonstrated that a dog wearing a graphene Earphone could also be trained and controlled by 35 kHz sound waves. Our results show that graphene could be widely used to produce Earphones for both humans and animals.
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Flexible, transparent single-layer graphene Earphone
2014 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting, 2014Co-Authors: He Tian, Mohammad Ali Mohammad, Yi Yang, Tian-ling RenAbstract:We demonstrate a novel flexible and transparent Earphone based on single-layer graphene (SLG) for the first time. The SLG Earphone operates in the frequency range of 20 Hz to 200 kHz and has a highest sound pressure level (SPL) of 70 dB with a 1 W input power. The SPL emitted from one to six layers of stacked SLG are compared. It is observed that the SPL decreases with an increasing number of stacked layers. The SLG Earphone is packaged into a commercial Earphone casing and can play music. Compared with a conventional Earphone, the SLG Earphone has a broader frequency response and a lower fluctuation. Testing results in both time- and frequency-domains show a frequency doubling effect, which indicates that the working principle is based on the electro-thermoacoustic (ETA) effect. As the SLG Earphone operates in both the audible and ultrasonic frequency range, it can be used for a wide variety of applications, including for interspecies communication.
He Tian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The use of graphene-based Earphones in wireless communication
Tsinghua Science and Technology, 2015Co-Authors: Luqi Tao, He Tian, Yi Yang, Song Jiang, Cheng Li, Ningqin Deng, Danyang Wang, Tian-ling RenAbstract:Graphene-based materials have attracted much attention in recent years. Many researchers have demonstrated prototypes using graphene-based materials, but few specific applications have appeared. Graphene-based acoustic devices have become a popular topic. This paper describes a novel method to fabricate graphene-based Earphones by laser scribing. The Earphones have been used in wireless communication systems. A wireless communication system was built based on an ARM board. Voice from a mobile phone was transmitted to a graphene-based Earphone. The output sound had a similar wave envelope to that of the input; some differences were introduced by the DC bias added to the driving circuit of the graphene-based Earphone. The graphene-based Earphone was demonstrated to have a great potential in wireless communication.
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A flexible, transparent and ultrathin single-layer graphene Earphone
RSC Advances, 2015Co-Authors: He Tian, Mohammad Ali Mohammad, Yi Yang, Tian-ling RenAbstract:Graphene is flexible and transparent with one-atom layer thickness, and is a novel building block with potential applications in future portable devices. Herein a flexible, transparent and ultrathin Earphone based on single-layer graphene (SLG) is reported. The SLG Earphone operates in the frequency range of 20 Hz to 200 kHz and has a highest sound pressure level (SPL) of 70 dB at a 1 cm distance. The SPLs emitted from one to six layers of stacked SLG are compared. It is observed that the SPL decreases with an increasing number of stacked layers. The SLG Earphone, which is packaged with a commercial Earphone casing, can play music clearly. Compared with a conventional Earphone, the SLG Earphone has a broader frequency response and a lower fluctuation. Testing results in both time and frequency domains show a frequency doubling effect, which indicates that the working principle is based on the electro-thermoacoustic (ETA) effect. As the SLG Earphone operates in both the audible and ultrasonic frequency range, it can be used for a wide variety of applications.
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Graphene Earphones: entertainment for both humans and animals.
ACS nano, 2014Co-Authors: He Tian, Mohammad Ali Mohammad, Ya-long Cui, Yi Yang, Dan Xie, Tian-ling RenAbstract:The human hearing range is from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. However, many animals can hear much higher sound frequencies. Dolphins, especially, have a hearing range up to 300 kHz. To our knowledge, there is no data of a reported wide-band sound frequency Earphone to satisfy both humans and animals. Here, we show that graphene Earphones, packaged into commercial Earphone casings can play sounds ranging from 100 Hz to 50 kHz. By using a one-step laser scribing technology, wafer-scale flexible graphene Earphones can be obtained in 25 min. Compared with a normal commercial Earphone, the graphene Earphone has a wider frequency response (100 Hz to 50 kHz) and a three times lower fluctuation (±10 dB). A nonlinear effect exists in the graphene-generated sound frequency spectrum. This effect could be explained by the DC bias added to the input sine waves which may induce higher harmonics. Our numerical calculations show that the sound frequency emitted by graphene could reach up to 1 MHz. In addition, we have demonstrated that a dog wearing a graphene Earphone could also be trained and controlled by 35 kHz sound waves. Our results show that graphene could be widely used to produce Earphones for both humans and animals.
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Flexible, transparent single-layer graphene Earphone
2014 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting, 2014Co-Authors: He Tian, Mohammad Ali Mohammad, Yi Yang, Tian-ling RenAbstract:We demonstrate a novel flexible and transparent Earphone based on single-layer graphene (SLG) for the first time. The SLG Earphone operates in the frequency range of 20 Hz to 200 kHz and has a highest sound pressure level (SPL) of 70 dB with a 1 W input power. The SPL emitted from one to six layers of stacked SLG are compared. It is observed that the SPL decreases with an increasing number of stacked layers. The SLG Earphone is packaged into a commercial Earphone casing and can play music. Compared with a conventional Earphone, the SLG Earphone has a broader frequency response and a lower fluctuation. Testing results in both time- and frequency-domains show a frequency doubling effect, which indicates that the working principle is based on the electro-thermoacoustic (ETA) effect. As the SLG Earphone operates in both the audible and ultrasonic frequency range, it can be used for a wide variety of applications, including for interspecies communication.
Yi Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The use of graphene-based Earphones in wireless communication
Tsinghua Science and Technology, 2015Co-Authors: Luqi Tao, He Tian, Yi Yang, Song Jiang, Cheng Li, Ningqin Deng, Danyang Wang, Tian-ling RenAbstract:Graphene-based materials have attracted much attention in recent years. Many researchers have demonstrated prototypes using graphene-based materials, but few specific applications have appeared. Graphene-based acoustic devices have become a popular topic. This paper describes a novel method to fabricate graphene-based Earphones by laser scribing. The Earphones have been used in wireless communication systems. A wireless communication system was built based on an ARM board. Voice from a mobile phone was transmitted to a graphene-based Earphone. The output sound had a similar wave envelope to that of the input; some differences were introduced by the DC bias added to the driving circuit of the graphene-based Earphone. The graphene-based Earphone was demonstrated to have a great potential in wireless communication.
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A flexible, transparent and ultrathin single-layer graphene Earphone
RSC Advances, 2015Co-Authors: He Tian, Mohammad Ali Mohammad, Yi Yang, Tian-ling RenAbstract:Graphene is flexible and transparent with one-atom layer thickness, and is a novel building block with potential applications in future portable devices. Herein a flexible, transparent and ultrathin Earphone based on single-layer graphene (SLG) is reported. The SLG Earphone operates in the frequency range of 20 Hz to 200 kHz and has a highest sound pressure level (SPL) of 70 dB at a 1 cm distance. The SPLs emitted from one to six layers of stacked SLG are compared. It is observed that the SPL decreases with an increasing number of stacked layers. The SLG Earphone, which is packaged with a commercial Earphone casing, can play music clearly. Compared with a conventional Earphone, the SLG Earphone has a broader frequency response and a lower fluctuation. Testing results in both time and frequency domains show a frequency doubling effect, which indicates that the working principle is based on the electro-thermoacoustic (ETA) effect. As the SLG Earphone operates in both the audible and ultrasonic frequency range, it can be used for a wide variety of applications.
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Graphene Earphones: entertainment for both humans and animals.
ACS nano, 2014Co-Authors: He Tian, Mohammad Ali Mohammad, Ya-long Cui, Yi Yang, Dan Xie, Tian-ling RenAbstract:The human hearing range is from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. However, many animals can hear much higher sound frequencies. Dolphins, especially, have a hearing range up to 300 kHz. To our knowledge, there is no data of a reported wide-band sound frequency Earphone to satisfy both humans and animals. Here, we show that graphene Earphones, packaged into commercial Earphone casings can play sounds ranging from 100 Hz to 50 kHz. By using a one-step laser scribing technology, wafer-scale flexible graphene Earphones can be obtained in 25 min. Compared with a normal commercial Earphone, the graphene Earphone has a wider frequency response (100 Hz to 50 kHz) and a three times lower fluctuation (±10 dB). A nonlinear effect exists in the graphene-generated sound frequency spectrum. This effect could be explained by the DC bias added to the input sine waves which may induce higher harmonics. Our numerical calculations show that the sound frequency emitted by graphene could reach up to 1 MHz. In addition, we have demonstrated that a dog wearing a graphene Earphone could also be trained and controlled by 35 kHz sound waves. Our results show that graphene could be widely used to produce Earphones for both humans and animals.
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Flexible, transparent single-layer graphene Earphone
2014 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting, 2014Co-Authors: He Tian, Mohammad Ali Mohammad, Yi Yang, Tian-ling RenAbstract:We demonstrate a novel flexible and transparent Earphone based on single-layer graphene (SLG) for the first time. The SLG Earphone operates in the frequency range of 20 Hz to 200 kHz and has a highest sound pressure level (SPL) of 70 dB with a 1 W input power. The SPL emitted from one to six layers of stacked SLG are compared. It is observed that the SPL decreases with an increasing number of stacked layers. The SLG Earphone is packaged into a commercial Earphone casing and can play music. Compared with a conventional Earphone, the SLG Earphone has a broader frequency response and a lower fluctuation. Testing results in both time- and frequency-domains show a frequency doubling effect, which indicates that the working principle is based on the electro-thermoacoustic (ETA) effect. As the SLG Earphone operates in both the audible and ultrasonic frequency range, it can be used for a wide variety of applications, including for interspecies communication.
Mohammad Ali Mohammad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A flexible, transparent and ultrathin single-layer graphene Earphone
RSC Advances, 2015Co-Authors: He Tian, Mohammad Ali Mohammad, Yi Yang, Tian-ling RenAbstract:Graphene is flexible and transparent with one-atom layer thickness, and is a novel building block with potential applications in future portable devices. Herein a flexible, transparent and ultrathin Earphone based on single-layer graphene (SLG) is reported. The SLG Earphone operates in the frequency range of 20 Hz to 200 kHz and has a highest sound pressure level (SPL) of 70 dB at a 1 cm distance. The SPLs emitted from one to six layers of stacked SLG are compared. It is observed that the SPL decreases with an increasing number of stacked layers. The SLG Earphone, which is packaged with a commercial Earphone casing, can play music clearly. Compared with a conventional Earphone, the SLG Earphone has a broader frequency response and a lower fluctuation. Testing results in both time and frequency domains show a frequency doubling effect, which indicates that the working principle is based on the electro-thermoacoustic (ETA) effect. As the SLG Earphone operates in both the audible and ultrasonic frequency range, it can be used for a wide variety of applications.
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Graphene Earphones: entertainment for both humans and animals.
ACS nano, 2014Co-Authors: He Tian, Mohammad Ali Mohammad, Ya-long Cui, Yi Yang, Dan Xie, Tian-ling RenAbstract:The human hearing range is from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. However, many animals can hear much higher sound frequencies. Dolphins, especially, have a hearing range up to 300 kHz. To our knowledge, there is no data of a reported wide-band sound frequency Earphone to satisfy both humans and animals. Here, we show that graphene Earphones, packaged into commercial Earphone casings can play sounds ranging from 100 Hz to 50 kHz. By using a one-step laser scribing technology, wafer-scale flexible graphene Earphones can be obtained in 25 min. Compared with a normal commercial Earphone, the graphene Earphone has a wider frequency response (100 Hz to 50 kHz) and a three times lower fluctuation (±10 dB). A nonlinear effect exists in the graphene-generated sound frequency spectrum. This effect could be explained by the DC bias added to the input sine waves which may induce higher harmonics. Our numerical calculations show that the sound frequency emitted by graphene could reach up to 1 MHz. In addition, we have demonstrated that a dog wearing a graphene Earphone could also be trained and controlled by 35 kHz sound waves. Our results show that graphene could be widely used to produce Earphones for both humans and animals.
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Flexible, transparent single-layer graphene Earphone
2014 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting, 2014Co-Authors: He Tian, Mohammad Ali Mohammad, Yi Yang, Tian-ling RenAbstract:We demonstrate a novel flexible and transparent Earphone based on single-layer graphene (SLG) for the first time. The SLG Earphone operates in the frequency range of 20 Hz to 200 kHz and has a highest sound pressure level (SPL) of 70 dB with a 1 W input power. The SPL emitted from one to six layers of stacked SLG are compared. It is observed that the SPL decreases with an increasing number of stacked layers. The SLG Earphone is packaged into a commercial Earphone casing and can play music. Compared with a conventional Earphone, the SLG Earphone has a broader frequency response and a lower fluctuation. Testing results in both time- and frequency-domains show a frequency doubling effect, which indicates that the working principle is based on the electro-thermoacoustic (ETA) effect. As the SLG Earphone operates in both the audible and ultrasonic frequency range, it can be used for a wide variety of applications, including for interspecies communication.
Tom Frank - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of background noise on Earphone thresholds.
Journal of the American Academy of Audiology, 1993Co-Authors: Tom FrankAbstract:Real-ear attenuation at threshold (REAT) and monaural pure-tone thresholds were determined for normally hearing adults using a supra-aural, Audiocup, and insert Earphone. The thresholds were obtained in quiet and in background noises approximating the maximum permissible ambient noise levels (MPANLs) allowed in an audiometric test room specified by ANSI S3.1-1991 and OSHA (1983). The supra-aural REAT was less than the Audiocup, which was less than the insert Earphone. The mean threshold shifts were negligible regardless of Earphone type in the ANSI noise and for the insert Earphone in the OSHA noise. Thresholds can be obtained down to 0 dB HL in ANSI 1991 MPANLs using a supra-aural, Audiocup, or insert Earphone and in OSHA MPANLs using an insert Earphone. However, the OSHA MPANLs are too high and the REAT is too low for a supra-aural Earphone and Audiocup for testing down to 0 dB HL.
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Effects of ambient noise masking on Earphone thresholds.
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1992Co-Authors: Dennis L. Williams, Tom Frank, Marie K. SchmittAbstract:Monaural thresholds were measured for 24 normally hearing subjects using TDH‐49P, Audiocup, and ER‐3A Earphones from 500 to 6000 Hz in quiet and in background noise having maximum permissible ambient noise levels (MPANLs) specified by OSHA (1983) and ANSI (S3.1‐1991). The attenuation for each Earphone system was obtained and the actual threshold shift was compared to the predicted threshold shift. The mean threshold shifts were negligible (≤2 dB) in the ANSI MPANLs regardless of Earphone and in OSHA MPANLs for the ER‐3A but ranged from 2 to 7.5 dB for the Audiocup and from 6 to 12.5 dB for the TDH‐49P in the OSHA MPANLs. The results of this study suggest that OSHA MPANLs are too high to allow for testing down to 0‐dB HL using these Earphones. The high noise‐reducing properties of the ER‐3A would make it the Earphone of choice if testing is done in OSHA MPANLs. Testing down to 0 dB HL can be done in the newly specified ANSI MPANLs regardless of Earphone type.
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Attenuation values for a supra-aural Earphone for children and insert Earphone for children and adults.
Ear and hearing, 1992Co-Authors: Diana C. Wright, Tom FrankAbstract:Earphone attenuation values were determined for 17 children (6-14 years old) using supra-aural (TDH-49P/Model 51 cushion) and insert Earphones (E-A-Rtone 3A) terminated by an E-A-Rlink 3A (for normal size ear canals) or E-A-Rlink 3B (for small size ear canals) foam eartips, and for 10 adults having small ear canals using insert Earphones and E-A-Rlink 3B foam eartips. The test signals were 1/3-octave bands of noise presented in a diffuse sound field (re: ANSI S12.6-1984). The supra-aural Earphone attenuation values for the children were slightly higher (more attenuation) or similar to reported adult values, and always lower (less attenuation) compared with insert Earphone/E-A-Rlink 3A (IE/3A) or 3B (IE/3B) values for both children and adults. The IE/3B attenuation values were similar between the children and adults and provided slightly more attenuation than the IE/3A. Overall, the results indicated that the ANSI S3.1-1991 maximum permissible ambient noise levels allowed in a test room for ears covered testing with a supra-aural Earphone, which were determined using adult values, are appropriate for testing children. Future revisions of ANSI S3.1-1991 may include maximum permissible ambient noise levels for testing with insert Earphones. The IE/3A and IE/3B attenuation values could be used for that purpose. In the meantime, because more attenuation was provided by the IE/3A and IE/3B, they can be used for testing both children and adults in higher ambient noise levels than specified in ANSI S3.1-1991.
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Normal hearing levels for noise‐reducing Earphone types
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1992Co-Authors: Tom Frank, Donna M. MagistroAbstract:This study determined normal hearing levels (HLs) and intrasubject threshold reliability for supra‐aural Earphones housed in noise‐reducing enclosures. Monaural thresholds were obtained for 25 normally hearing adults from 500 to 6000 Hz over four trials separated by 1 but no more than 7 days using a typical supra‐aural (TDH‐49P) and four supra‐aural (TDH‐39 or 49P) Earphones housed in an Auraldome, Audiomate, Madsen, and Audiocup noise‐reducing enclosure. The output of the supra‐aural and each supra‐aural Earphone normally housed in a noise‐reducing enclosure was measured on a NBS 9A coupler so that the thresholds could be referenced to normal threshold sound‐pressure levels (SPLs) re: ANSI S3.6‐1989. Within each trial the thresholds approximated 0 dB HL for each Earphone type at each frequency except for the Audiomate where thresholds were elevated by as much as 28 dB at 500 and 10 dB at 1000 Hz. Further, the Audiocup and Auraldome thresholds were consistently lower than the typical supra‐aural Earphone....
