The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Peter Bormann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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international training courses on seismology and seismic risk assessment for developing countries
Seismological Research Letters, 2000Co-Authors: Peter BormannAbstract:The International Decade on Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR; 1990-1999) stressed the urgent need for related know-how and technology transfer to developing countries (DC's). High-level training of nationals from disaster-stricken DC's was identified as one of the indispensable components for developing strategies of sustainable development. It should aim at building local expertise in efficient monitoring and early warning of natural phenomena with disaster potential as well as improved hazard assessment, risk mitigation, and disaster management. Long before the IDNDR was ushered in, UNESCO had already invited its member states to provide international training opportunities under its Earth Science program. In 1962 UNESCO decided to join a training project of an “International Training Center of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering”, which had been started two years earlier on a temporary basis in Japan by the Universities of Tokyo and Waseda. This joint project with UNESCO lasted until 1972, when the government of Japan decided to continue its functions under the International Institute on Seismology and Earthquake Engineering (IISEE), which has been located in Tsukaba Science City since 1979. The IISEE is still operating, with its own building and permanent staff of sixteen scientists and technicians, its own lecture rooms, laboratories, and library. The IISEE trains about twenty foreign participants every year in its two regular eleven-month courses on seismology and Earthquake Engineering, respectively, and in addition provides some individual (advanced) courses, complementary seminar courses, and, more recently, global seismological observation courses, all of one month duration each. Meanwhile, more than 1,000 participants from over 70 countries have attended these courses, those from developing countries with fellowships of the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). Details on the IISEE and its courses can be found on the WWW at http://iisee.kenken.go.jp. There have been several other courses on similar subjects in several other countries, among …
Helmut Krawinkler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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challenges towards achieving Earthquake resilience through performance based Earthquake Engineering
2014Co-Authors: Helmut Krawinkler, Gregory G DeierleinAbstract:Much has been accomplished in performance-based Earthquake Engineering over the past two decades. Processes have been established that facilitate probabilistic seismic hazard analysis, evaluation of relevant Engineering demand parameters through advanced modeling and nonlinear response history analysis, quantification of damage measures and associated repair/replacement costs at the component level, and aggregation of losses for structural and nonstructural systems. The outcome is a probabilistic assessment of direct economic loss and collapse safety due to Earthquakes. In contrast to assessment of structural collapse and direct losses, comparatively less has been accomplished in quantifying factors that affect downtime, business interruption, and community functions. These issues are critically important to bridge between performance of a single structure and the Earthquake resilience of a community or region or country. A key aspect of resilience is looking beyond direct damage and losses to their implications on disaster response and recovery. From a societal perspective, resilience is the key challenge to mitigate the lasting effects of Earthquakes. Drawing upon relevant research and recent initiatives in California to create more Earthquake resilient communities, this paper explores challenges to improve performance-based Engineering to address specific aspects of resilience.
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development and utilization of structural component databases for performance based Earthquake Engineering
Journal of Structural Engineering-asce, 2013Co-Authors: Dimitrios Lignos, Helmut KrawinklerAbstract:Performance-based Earthquake Engineering necessitates the development of reliable nonlinear analysis models that are able to sim- ulate the behavior of structures from the onset of damage through collapse. Thesemodels provide Engineering demand parameters that are then related with damage measures and describe the damage of a building and its components. To accurately simulate dynamic response up to col- lapseofstructures,itisimportanttomodelstrengthandstiffnessdeteriorationofstructuralcomponentsinadditiontoP-D effects. These models require theuse of large setsof experimental datafor calibration of theirdeterioration parameters. This paperdiscusses thedevelopment of three databases on experimental data of steel W-beams, tubular hollow square steel columns, and RC beams. These databases are used for quantification of important parameters that affect the cyclic moment-rotation relationship at plastic hinge regions in steel and RC components. EmphasisisplacedonthepredictionofcollapseofbuildingscausedbyEarthquakes.Theutilizationandimportanceofthethreedatabasesinthe contextofperformance-basedEarthquakeEngineeringisdemonstratedthroughacasestudyofa4-storysteelbuilding.Itsseismicperformanceis
Andre Filiatrault - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Development of wood and steel diaphragm hysteretic connector database for performance-based Earthquake Engineering
Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2017Co-Authors: Maria Koliou, Andre FiliatraultAbstract:Performance-based Earthquake Engineering (PBEE) considers certain metrics to assess the seismic response of buildings, which integrate economic losses into the design process. PBEE requires the development and use of reliable nonlinear response analysis models to simulate the seismic performance of structures through collapse. The structural damage is assessed by evaluating physical damage caused by Engineering demand parameters (EDPs), while the nonlinear numerical models are used to conduct dynamic analyses for varying levels of seismic intensity to compute the values of the representative EDPs. Accurate representation of structural members’ stiffness and strength deterioration (hysteretic) parameters plays an important role into simulating dynamic response through collapse. These parameters’ values are usually calibrated to a large number of experimental data. The development of a hysteretic parameter database for wood and steel diaphragm connectors is presented in this paper. The wood diaphragm connectors are commonly used in light-frame wood building construction for shear walls or roof diaphragms. The steel diaphragm connectors are used for building structures that incorporate steel frame roof diaphragms. The experimental data were used for quantifying the hysteretic parameters of two well-known nonlinear models considered into structural modeling as well as evaluating their energy dissipation properties. Case studies on the collapse performance assessment of a light-frame wood wall system and a low-rise building incorporating a steel roof system were conducted to demonstrate the usefulness of the diaphragm connector database.
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performance based seismic design of nonstructural building components the next frontier of Earthquake Engineering
Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 2014Co-Authors: Andre Filiatrault, T J SullivanAbstract:With the development and implementation of performance-based Earthquake Engineering, harmonization of performance levels between structural and nonstructural components becomes vital. Even if the structural components of a building achieve a continuous or immediate occupancy performance level after a seismic event, failure of architectural, mechanical or electrical components can lower the performance level of the entire building system. This reduction in performance caused by the vulnerability of nonstructural components has been observed during recent Earthquakes worldwide. Moreover, nonstructural damage has limited the functionality of critical facilities, such as hospitals, following major seismic events. The investment in nonstructural components and building contents is far greater than that of structural components and framing. Therefore, it is not surprising that in many past Earthquakes, losses from damage to nonstructural components have exceeded losses from structural damage. Furthermore, the failure of nonstructural components can become a safety hazard or can hamper the safe movement of occupants evacuating buildings, or of rescue workers entering buildings. In comparison to structural components and systems, there is relatively limited information on the seismic design of nonstructural components. Basic research work in this area has been sparse, and the available codes and guidelines are usually, for the most part, based on past experiences, Engineering judgment and intuition, rather than on objective experimental and analytical results. Often, design engineers are forced to start almost from square one after each Earthquake event: to observe what went wrong and to try to prevent repetitions. This is a consequence of the empirical nature of current seismic regulations and guidelines for nonstructural components. This review paper summarizes current knowledge on the seismic design and analysis of nonstructural building components, identifying major knowledge gaps that will need to be filled by future research. Furthermore, considering recent trends in Earthquake Engineering, the paper explores how performance-based seismic design might be conceived for nonstructural components, drawing on recent developments made in the field of seismic design and hinting at the specific considerations required for nonstructural components.
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seismic weaknesses of some residential wood framed buildings confirmations from the 1994 northridge Earthquake
Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 1995Co-Authors: Andre Filiatrault, Chris K A StiedaAbstract:As part of the reconnaissance team of the Canadian Association for Earthquake Engineering (CAEE), the authors visited the epicentral region of the January 17, 1994, Northridge Earthquake. This pape...
Emiljano Zhuleku - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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observations from the 26th november 2019 albania Earthquake the Earthquake Engineering field investigation team eefit mission
Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2021Co-Authors: Fabio Freddi, Viviana Novelli, Roberto Gentile, Enes Veliu, Stoyan Andreev, Anton Andonov, Federica Greco, Emiljano ZhulekuAbstract:On the 26th of November 2019, an Earthquake of moment magnitude 6.4 struck the northwest region of Albania as the result of thrust faulting near the convergent boundary of the Africa and Eurasia plates causing widespread damage to buildings in the city of Durres and the surrounding areas. Based on the official data from the national authorities, the Earthquake caused 51 casualties and 985 million-euro losses, corresponding to 7.5% of the 2018 gross domestic product. This paper summarises field observations made by the Earthquake Engineering Field Investigation Team (EEFIT) after the event. The paper presents an overview of the seismological aspects of the Earthquake together with a brief overview of the damage, official loss statistics and the estimated macro- and socio-economic consequences of the event. In addition, it provides a summary of the observed damage to both recent and historical buildings as well as the description of several case studies to illustrate the characteristic damage patterns observed in the main structural typologies of the Albanian building stock. These observations try to identify possible links between the observed damage patterns and the deficiencies in construction practice and use of inappropriate retrofit techniques for historical assets. As many severe damages were observed on modern buildings, this also allows the identification of some gaps and possible areas of development of the current seismic design code. In the end, the lessons learned from the field survey are resumed.
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Observations from the 26th November 2019 Albania Earthquake: the Earthquake Engineering field investigation team (EEFIT) mission
Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2021Co-Authors: Fabio Freddi, Viviana Novelli, Roberto Gentile, Enes Veliu, Stoyan Andreev, Anton Andonov, Federica Greco, Emiljano ZhulekuAbstract:On the 26th of November 2019, an Earthquake of moment magnitude 6.4 struck the northwest region of Albania as the result of thrust faulting near the convergent boundary of the Africa and Eurasia plates causing widespread damage to buildings in the city of Durrës and the surrounding areas. Based on the official data from the national authorities, the Earthquake caused 51 casualties and 985 million-euro losses, corresponding to 7.5% of the 2018 gross domestic product. This paper summarises field observations made by the Earthquake Engineering Field Investigation Team (EEFIT) after the event. The paper presents an overview of the seismological aspects of the Earthquake together with a brief overview of the damage, official loss statistics and the estimated macro- and socio-economic consequences of the event. In addition, it provides a summary of the observed damage to both recent and historical buildings as well as the description of several case studies to illustrate the characteristic damage patterns observed in the main structural typologies of the Albanian building stock. These observations try to identify possible links between the observed damage patterns and the deficiencies in construction practice and use of inappropriate retrofit techniques for historical assets. As many severe damages were observed on modern buildings, this also allows the identification of some gaps and possible areas of development of the current seismic design code. In the end, the lessons learned from the field survey are resumed.
Apostolos S Papageorgiou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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near fault and far field strong ground motion simulation for Earthquake Engineering applications using the specific barrier model
Journal of Structural Engineering-asce, 2011Co-Authors: Benedikt Halldorsson, George P Mavroeidis, Apostolos S PapageorgiouAbstract:Codes for aseismic design may require use of recorded ground motions as input in dynamic analysis. When records are not available, motions must be simulated. The specific barrier model (SBM) is particularly useful in this context because (1) it provides the most complete, yet parsimonious, self-consistent description of the Earthquake faulting processes that are responsible for the generation of high-frequency radiation; (2) it has been calibrated to Earthquakes of three different tectonic regions; and (3) its key parameter, the barrier interval, is related to the duration of the near-fault pulses (NFP), the most damaging feature of near-fault motions. We carry out "blind" (i.e., using the minimum amount of a priori source information) simulations of strong motions of well-recorded Earthquakes of magnitudes be- tween 6.2-7.6. We assess the quality of fit of the simulated time histories to the recorded motions and show that the simulations exhibit close to zero bias over frequencies of 0.1-20 Hz for the data set used. This exercise illustrates that the method will provide Earthquake motions that can be used with confidence in aseismic design. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000097. © 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers. CE Database subject headings: Earthquake Engineering; Ground motion; Models; Simulation; Dynamic analysis; Seismic design. Author keywords: Specific barrier model; Earthquake; Strong ground motion; Local stress drop; Barrier interval; Near-fault pulses.
