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Daniel Cluzeau - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Epi-anecic rather than strict-anecic Earthworms enhance soil enzymatic activities
Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2019Co-Authors: Kevin Hoeffner, Mathieu Santonja, Daniel Cluzeau, Cécile MonardAbstract:Earthworms in interaction with soil microorganisms play a key role in litter decomposition. Moreover, as soil engineers, Earthworms modify microbial communities and their enzymatic activities. Most studies focusing on Earthworms and soil enzymatic activities compare distinct ecological categories of Earthworms whereas their contributions and interactions within a given ecological category remain largely unknown. In this context, the aims of the present study were to determine and compare the contribution of (1) three strict-anecic Earthworm species, (2) three epi-anecic Earthworm species and (3) the pairwise interactions between these different species on Lolium perenne leaf litter decomposition and soil microbial activity. After 30 days of incubation, the surface litter mass loss and five soil enzymatic activities (FDAse, β-D-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, leucine amino-peptidase and acid phosphatase) were measured in both Earthworm Burrows and middens. In mono-specific assemblages, leaf litter mass loss and enzymatic activities were significantly higher in the presence of epi-anecic compared to strict-anecic species, whatever the species identity. These differences were higher for the β-D-glucosidase, leucine amino-peptidase and FDAse (+78%, +57% and +34%, respectively). Earthworm species interactions at both intra- and inter-ecological sub-categories did not enhance either leaf litter mass loss or enzymatic activities. Interestingly, FDAse activity was higher in Earthworm Burrows whereas acid phosphatase activity was higher in Earthworm middens. These results indicate that the two anecic ecological sub-categories have different impacts on soil functioning and each of them regroups Earthworm species with similar behaviour. This functional distinction highlights the key role of epi-anecic Earthworms in fresh surface litter burial and decomposition, featuring their importance on nutrient cycling in soil and for microbial activities stimulation through resource availability.
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Feeding behavior of epi-anecic Earthworm species and their impact on soil microbial communities
2018Co-Authors: Kevin Hoeffner, Cécile Monard, Mathieu Santonja, Daniel CluzeauAbstract:Earthworms contribute to numerous ecosystem services provided by soils. Most of the studies focusing on the contributions of Earthworms on leaf litter decomposition were conducted by comparing distinct ecological categories (epigeic, epi-anecic, anecic strict and endogeic), whereas their specific contributions within a given ecological category remains largely unknown. In this context, the aim of this study was to determine the contribution of four epi-anecic Earthworm species (Lumbricus rubellus, Lumbricus festivus, Lumbricus centralis and Lumbricus terrestris) to the leaf litter decomposition of three plant species (Lolium perenne, Holcus lanatus and Corylus avellana) with contrasted litter traits located at both the soil surface and at a depth of 10 cm. Fungal and bacterial communities inhabiting epi-anecic Earthworm Burrows were also assessed using T-RFLP analysis. Epianecic Earthworms improved the leaf litter mass loss solely at the soil surface, while leaf litter mass loss was mainly due to microbial activity at 10 cm deep. Leaf litter mass loss was positively correlated to the initial biomass of the epi-anecic Earthworms and the intensity of this relationship was dependent on litter type. Interestingly, L. festivus seemed to have a higher contribution to surface leaf litter mass loss that was linked to a stimulation of the fungal communities in its Burrows. Fungal communities were thus impacted by both the litter type and the epi-anecic Earthworm identity whereas soil bacterial diversity and richness were stimulated in the Earthworm Burrows whatever the epi-anecic Earthworm species considered. Overall, epi-anecic Earthworms contributed to enhance the diversity of the drilospheric microbiota.
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Feeding behaviour of epi-anecic Earthworm species and their impacts on soil microbial communities
Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2018Co-Authors: Kevin Hoeffner, Cécile Monard, Mathieu Santonja, Daniel CluzeauAbstract:Earthworms contribute to numerous ecosystem services provided by soils. Most of the studies focusing on the contributions of Earthworms on leaf litter decomposition were conducted by comparing distinct ecological categories (epigeic, epi-anecic, anecic strict and endogeic), whereas their specific contributions within a given ecological category remains largely unknown. In this context, the aim of this study was to determine the contribution of four epi-anecic Earthworm species (Lumbricus rubellus, Lumbricus festivus, Lumbricus centralis and Lumbricus terrestris) to the leaf litter decomposition of three plant species (Lolium perenne, Holcus lanatus and Corylus avellana) with contrasted litter traits located at both the soil surface and at a depth of 10 cm. Fungal and bacterial communities inhabiting epi-anecic Earthworm Burrows were also assessed using T-RFLP analysis. Epi-anecic Earthworms improved the leaf litter mass loss solely at the soil surface, while leaf litter mass loss was mainly due to microbial activity at 10 cm deep. Leaf litter mass loss was positively correlated to the initial biomass of the epi-anecic Earthworms and the intensity of this relationship was dependent on litter type. Interestingly, L. festivus seemed to have a higher contribution to surface leaf litter mass loss that was linked to a stimulation of the fungal communities in its Burrows. Fungal communities were thus impacted by both the litter type and the epi-anecic Earthworm identity whereas soil bacterial diversity and richness were stimulated in the Earthworm Burrows whatever the epi-anecic Earthworm species considered. Overall, epi-anecic Earthworms contributed to enhance the diversity of the drilospheric microbiota. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd
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Response of soil microbial enzymatic activity to Earthworm species
2018Co-Authors: Kevin Hoeffner, Mathieu Santonja, Daniel Cluzeau, Cécile MonardAbstract:As detritus feeders, Earthworms are qualified as soil engineers and play a key role in the degradation of soil organic matter (SOM). Their contribution to this function is either direct by consuming dead organic matter or indirect by stimulating microbial communities in the soil (Brown, 1995). Most of the studies evaluating their contribution to this function were conducted at the level of three ecological categories (epigeic, anecic and endogeic). Each ecological category described in these studies is often represented by a single model species. However, the anatomical and physiological features of Earthworms belonging to the same ecological category are different, which could modify their involvement in the degradation process of soil organic matter. Within the anecic Earthworms, Jégou et al., (1998, 2000), based on studies from Bouché (1972, 1977), distinguished the strict anecic from the epi-anecic : strict anecic construct high density of non-permanent Burrows and have low surface litter incorporation rates whereas the epi-anecic build permanent Burrows into which they incorporate high quantities of fresh litter from the soil surface. These different behaviours could impact directly soil microbial activity by inducing changes in their habitat and impacting their production of extracellular enzymes contributing to different biogeochemical cycles (C, N, P) and thus to SOM decomposition. The objectives of this study were to determine and compare the contribution of different Earthworm species within epi-anecic and strict anecic to the degradation of SOM through the analysis of soil enzymatic activity in their middens and Burrows. To do this, an experiment using soil microcosms was conducted in 5 replicates to compare the impact of (1) three separate epi-anecic species (Lumbricus rubellus, L. centralis and L. terrestris), (2) three separate strict anecic species (Aporrectodea caliginosa meridionalis, A. nocturna and A. giardi) and (3) the mixing effects between these different species (by pairs of two species) on five enzymatic soil activities. Enzyme activities measured were (i) FDA (global soil activity), (ii) Beta-Glucosidase (carbon cycle), (iii) Cellulase (carbon cycle), (iv) Leucine Amino Peptidase (nitrogen cycle) and (v) Phosphatase (phosphorus cycle). Earthworms were fed with Lolium perenne during 30 days. Enzymatic activities were analysed at the end of the experiment (30 days) in middens and in the Earthworm Burrows and compared to those measured in microcosms of soil without Earthworms (control). In monoculture and compared to the bulk soil (without Earthworms), we observed that enzymatic activities were significantly stimulated in the presence of epi-anecic compared to strict-anecic species independently of the two micro-sites sampled (middens and Earthworm Burrows). These differences are more pronounced with FDA, Leucine Amino Peptidase and Beta-Glucosidase enzyme activities than with Cellulase and Phosphatase (respectively, +34, +57, +78 and +14, +8 %). Still in monoculture, no difference was found between species of the same ecological category. Interactions between Earthworm species (intra- or inter-ecological category) on enzyme activity were mainly additive (functional redundancy). These initial results are in accordance with the grouping of the Earthworms into functional groups initially based on morphological, physiological and ecological criteria that is thus consistent with the measurements of microbial activities carried out.
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Feeding behavior of epi-anecic Earthworm species and their impact on soil microbial communities
2018Co-Authors: Kevin Hoeffner, Cécile Monard, Mathieu Santonja, Daniel CluzeauAbstract:Organic matter decomposition is a key ecosystem function due to its importance for carbon and nutrient cycling (Bardgett et al., 2005), soil structure (Soane, 1990), and water storage (Soane, 1990). Roughly 90 % of the global terrestrial plant production enters the dead organic matter pool (Cebrian, 1999), making decomposition of plant material one of the most crucial processes in terrestrial ecosystems (Tiessen et al., 1994). Plant litter decomposition is governed by environmental conditions (e.g. humidity and temperature), litter quality (i.e. its physical and chemical characteristics), and the decomposer communities (i.e. abundance, diversity and activity) (Stout and Goh, 1980; Coûteaux et al., 1995). Given their impact on soil functioning and their interactions with soil organisms, Earthworms contribute to the recycling of organic matter and participate significantly in the numerous ecosystem services provided by soils. Most of the studies focusing on the role of Earthworms on litter decomposition were conducted by comparing distinct ecological categories (epigeic, epi-anecic, anecic strict and endogeic), whereas their specific contribution within a given ecological category remains largely unknown. In this context, the aim of this study was to determine the contribution of four epi-anecic Earthworm’ species to (i) the decomposition of plant litters with contrasted chemical and physical proprieties and (ii) the effect of these interactions on fungal and bacterial communities inhabiting their Burrows. We selected four epi anecic taxa (Lumbricus rubellus, L. festivus, L. centralis and L. terrestris). Each taxon was exposed separately to leaves of three different plants (Holcus lanatus, Lolium perenne and Corylus avellana). A 5 × 3 factorial design was performed with 4 replicates and for two incubation times (10 or 20 days): with or without (control accounting for the litter mass loss due to microbial decomposition or leaching) one of the four epi-anecic species; with one of the three litter types placed at the soil surface and at 10 cm deep. The effect of these interactions on fungal and bacterial communities inhabiting epi-anecic Burrows were assessed using T-RFLP analysis. Epi-anecic species improved the litter mass loss solely at the soil surface, while, at 10 cm deep, litter mass loss was mainly due to microbial activity. Litter mass loss was correlated to the initial mass of epi-anecic species and its intensity depended on litter quality as the four epi-anecic species displayed a similar sensitivity to the quality of the litter added. Interestingly, L. festivus seemed to have a higher efficiency in surface litter mass loss that was linked to a stimulation of the fungal communities in its Burrows. Fungal communities were thus impacted by both the litter type and the epi-anecic species whereas soil bacterial diversity and richness were stimulated in the Earthworm Burrows whatever the epi-anecic species. Overall, epi-anecic species contribute to enhance the diversity of the drilospheric microbiota. Our results indicate that grouping Earthworms within ecological categories can give an indication of their global effect on soil litter decomposition, however, to take this analysis further, species-level studies are needed and advised.
Stefan Scheu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Changes in the community composition and trophic structure of microarthropods in sporocarps of the wood decaying fungus Fomitopsis pinicola along an altitudinal gradient
Applied Soil Ecology, 2014Co-Authors: Mark Maraun, Dana Augustin, Jörg Müller, Claus Bässler, Stefan ScheuAbstract:Abstract Soil microarthropods colonize a wide range of habitats including microhabitats such as Earthworm Burrows, ant nests, tree trunks, moss mats and wood decaying fungi. While many of these microhabitats have been investigated intensively, the role of wood decaying fungi as a habitat and food resource for microarthropods found little attention. We investigated the density, community structure, reproductive mode and trophic structure of microarthropods, in particular oribatid mites, in the wood decaying fungus Fomitopsis pinicola (Schwarts: Fr) Karst. along an altitudinal gradient in Germany spanning from 350 m to 1160 m. Microarthropods were extracted from sporocarps, and stable isotope ratios ( 15 N/ 14 N; 13 C/ 12 C) of the fungus and the microarthropods were measured. Densities of most microarthropod taxa were highest at lower altitudes and decreased with increasing altitude. Oribatid mites were the dominant animal taxon. Their community structure gradually changed with altitude. Stable isotope ratios indicated that oribatid mite and other arthropod species occupy distinct trophic niches but most do not feed on F. pinicola . Notably, species of the same genus, e.g. Carabodes , occupied different trophic niches. Most oribatid mite species in F. pinicola reproduced sexually which is similar to the bark of trees but in contrast to the soil where most species reproduce via parthenogenesis. The findings indicate that (1) at high altitudes microarthropod density in fungal fruiting bodies is limited by low temperatures reducing animal metabolism and reproduction, and this also affects oribatid mite community structure, (2) despite the uniform habitat trophic niches of oribatid mite species differ and this also applies to morphologically similar species of the same genus, and (3) feeding on F. pinicola or associated resources facilitates the dominance of sexual reproducing species.
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Importance of Earthworm-seed interactions for the structure and composition of plant communities: a review
Acta Oecologica, 2011Co-Authors: Estelle Forey, Stefan Scheu, Sébastien Barot, Thibaud Decaëns, Estelle Langlois, Kam-rigne Laossi, Pierre Margerie, Nico EisenhauerAbstract:Soil seed bank composition and dynamics are crucial elements for the understanding of plant population and community ecology. Earthworms are increasingly recognized as important dispersers and predators of seeds. Through direct and indirect effects they influence either positively or negatively the establishment and survival of seeds and seedlings. Seedling establishment is affected by a variety of Earthworm-mediated mechanisms, such as selective seed ingestion and digestion, acceleration or deceleration of germination, and seed transport. Earthworm casts deposited on the soil surface and the entrance of Earthworm Burrows often contain viable seeds and constitute important regeneration niches for plant seedlings and therefore likely favour specific seed traits. However, the role of Earthworms as seed dispersers, mediators of seed bank dynamics and seed predators has not been considered in concert. The overall effect of Earthworms on plant communities remains little understood. Most knowledge is based on laboratory studies on temperate species and future work has to explore the biological significance of Earthwormeseed interactions under more natural conditions. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on Earthwormeseed interactions and discuss factors determining these interactions. We highlight that this interaction may be an underappreciated, yet major driving force for the dynamics of soil seed banks and plant communities which most likely have experienced co-evolutionary processes. Despite the experimental bias, we hypothesize that the knowledge gathered in the present review is of crucial relevance for restoration and conservation ecology. For instance, as Earthworms emerge as successful and ubiquitous invaders in various ecosystems, the summarized information might serve as a basis for realistic estimations and modelling of consequences on native plant communities. We depict promising directions of future research and point to the need to consider above- and belowground interactions in order to mechanistically understand the driving forces of plant community assembly.
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Importance of Earthworm–seed interactions for the composition and structure of plant communities: A review
Acta Oecologica, 2011Co-Authors: Estelle Forey, Stefan Scheu, Sébastien Barot, Thibaud Decaëns, Estelle Langlois, Kam-rigne Laossi, Pierre Margerie, Nico EisenhauerAbstract:International audienceSoil seed bank composition and dynamics are crucial elements for the understanding of plant population and community ecology. Earthworms are increasingly recognized as important dispersers and predators of seeds. Through direct and indirect effects they influence either positively or negatively the establishment and survival of seeds and seedlings. Seedling establishment is affected by a variety of Earthworm-mediated mechanisms, such as selective seed ingestion and digestion, acceleration or deceleration of germination, and seed transport. Earthworm casts deposited on the soil surface and the entrance of Earthworm Burrows often contain viable seeds and constitute important regeneration niches for plant seedlings and therefore likely favour specific seed traits. However, the role of Earthworms as seed dispersers, mediators of seed bank dynamics and seed predators has not been considered in concert. The overall effect of Earthworms on plant communities remains little understood. Most knowledge is based on laboratory studies on temperate species and future work has to explore the biological significance of Earthwormeseed interactions under more natural conditions. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on Earthwormeseed interactions and discuss factors determining these interactions. We highlight that this interaction may be an underappreciated, yet major driving force for the dynamics of soil seed banks and plant communities which most likely have experienced co-evolutionary processes. Despite the experimental bias, we hypothesize that the knowledge gathered in the present review is of crucial relevance for restoration and conservation ecology. For instance, as Earthworms emerge as successful and ubiquitous invaders in various ecosystems, the summarized information might serve as a basis for realistic estimations and modelling of consequences on native plant communities. We depict promising directions of future research and point to the need to consider above- and belowground interactions in order to mechanistically understand the driving forces of plant community assembly
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Invasibility of experimental grassland communities: the role of Earthworms, plant functional group identity and seed size
Oikos, 2008Co-Authors: Nico Eisenhauer, Stefan ScheuAbstract:Invasions of natural communities by non-indigenous species threaten native biodiversity and are currently rated as one of the most important global-scale environmental problems. The mechanisms that make communities resistant to invasions and drive the establishment success of seedlings are essential both for management and for understanding community assembly and structure. Especially in grasslands, anecic Earthworms are known to function as ecosystem engineers, however, their direct effects on plant community composition and on the invasibility of plant communities via plant seed burial, ingestion and digestion are poorly understood. In a greenhouse experiment we investigated the impact of Lumbricus terrestris, plant functional group identity and seed size of plant invader species and plant functional group of the established plant community on the number and biomass of plant invaders. We set up 120 microcosms comprising four plant community treatments, two Earthworm treatments and three plant invader treatments containing three seed size classes. Earthworm performance was influenced by an interaction between plant functional group identity of the established plant community and that of invader species. The established plant community and invader seed size affected the number of invader plants significantly, while invader biomass was only affected by the established community. Since Earthworm effects on the number and biomass of invader plants varied with seed size and plant functional group identity they probably play a key role in seedling establishment and plant community composition. Seeds and germinating seedlings in Earthworm Burrows may significantly contribute to Earthworm nutrition, but this deserves further attention. Lumbricus terrestris likely behaves like a ‘farmer’ by collecting plant seeds which cannot directly be swallowed or digested. Presumably, these seeds are left in middens and become eatable after partial microbial decay. Increased Earthworm numbers in more diverse plant communities likely contribute to the positive relationship between plant species diversity and resistance against invaders.
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Earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) affect plant seedling recruitment and microhabitat heterogeneity
Functional Ecology, 2006Co-Authors: Alexandru Milcu, Jens Schumacher, Stefan ScheuAbstract:1. The effects of the anecic Earthworm Lumbricus terrestris L. on plant seedling recruitment and spatial aggregation were investigated in a microcosm glasshouse experiment by varying plant seed size (small and large); functional groups (grasses, legumes, herbs); plant species diversity (1, 3, 6); and plant functional group diversity (1, 3). 2. Generally, Earthworms buried seeds quickly irrespective of seed size and species. Secondary seed dispersal (phase II dispersal) by Earthworms affected plant community composition depending mainly on seed size but less on plant functional group identity and diversity: small-seeded species were repressed whereas large-seeded were promoted. 3. Although, in general, recruitment of seedlings was less in the presence of L. terrestris, recruited seedlings benefited from establishing in the vicinity of Earthworm Burrows. The strong aggregation of plants in the vicinity of Earthworm Burrows resulted in plant communities with a more heterogeneous small-scale architecture. Earthworm Burrows and middens acted as an important regeneration niche for emergent seedlings by reducing microsite and nutrient limitations. 4. In conclusion, seed dispersal, seed burial, seedling recruitment, and the spatial distribution of seedlings of plant species of different functional groups and with a wide range of seed size are strongly affected by L. terrestris, and this probably affects plant community composition. [References: 44
Cécile Monard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Epi-anecic rather than strict-anecic Earthworms enhance soil enzymatic activities
Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2019Co-Authors: Kevin Hoeffner, Mathieu Santonja, Daniel Cluzeau, Cécile MonardAbstract:Earthworms in interaction with soil microorganisms play a key role in litter decomposition. Moreover, as soil engineers, Earthworms modify microbial communities and their enzymatic activities. Most studies focusing on Earthworms and soil enzymatic activities compare distinct ecological categories of Earthworms whereas their contributions and interactions within a given ecological category remain largely unknown. In this context, the aims of the present study were to determine and compare the contribution of (1) three strict-anecic Earthworm species, (2) three epi-anecic Earthworm species and (3) the pairwise interactions between these different species on Lolium perenne leaf litter decomposition and soil microbial activity. After 30 days of incubation, the surface litter mass loss and five soil enzymatic activities (FDAse, β-D-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, leucine amino-peptidase and acid phosphatase) were measured in both Earthworm Burrows and middens. In mono-specific assemblages, leaf litter mass loss and enzymatic activities were significantly higher in the presence of epi-anecic compared to strict-anecic species, whatever the species identity. These differences were higher for the β-D-glucosidase, leucine amino-peptidase and FDAse (+78%, +57% and +34%, respectively). Earthworm species interactions at both intra- and inter-ecological sub-categories did not enhance either leaf litter mass loss or enzymatic activities. Interestingly, FDAse activity was higher in Earthworm Burrows whereas acid phosphatase activity was higher in Earthworm middens. These results indicate that the two anecic ecological sub-categories have different impacts on soil functioning and each of them regroups Earthworm species with similar behaviour. This functional distinction highlights the key role of epi-anecic Earthworms in fresh surface litter burial and decomposition, featuring their importance on nutrient cycling in soil and for microbial activities stimulation through resource availability.
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Feeding behavior of epi-anecic Earthworm species and their impact on soil microbial communities
2018Co-Authors: Kevin Hoeffner, Cécile Monard, Mathieu Santonja, Daniel CluzeauAbstract:Earthworms contribute to numerous ecosystem services provided by soils. Most of the studies focusing on the contributions of Earthworms on leaf litter decomposition were conducted by comparing distinct ecological categories (epigeic, epi-anecic, anecic strict and endogeic), whereas their specific contributions within a given ecological category remains largely unknown. In this context, the aim of this study was to determine the contribution of four epi-anecic Earthworm species (Lumbricus rubellus, Lumbricus festivus, Lumbricus centralis and Lumbricus terrestris) to the leaf litter decomposition of three plant species (Lolium perenne, Holcus lanatus and Corylus avellana) with contrasted litter traits located at both the soil surface and at a depth of 10 cm. Fungal and bacterial communities inhabiting epi-anecic Earthworm Burrows were also assessed using T-RFLP analysis. Epianecic Earthworms improved the leaf litter mass loss solely at the soil surface, while leaf litter mass loss was mainly due to microbial activity at 10 cm deep. Leaf litter mass loss was positively correlated to the initial biomass of the epi-anecic Earthworms and the intensity of this relationship was dependent on litter type. Interestingly, L. festivus seemed to have a higher contribution to surface leaf litter mass loss that was linked to a stimulation of the fungal communities in its Burrows. Fungal communities were thus impacted by both the litter type and the epi-anecic Earthworm identity whereas soil bacterial diversity and richness were stimulated in the Earthworm Burrows whatever the epi-anecic Earthworm species considered. Overall, epi-anecic Earthworms contributed to enhance the diversity of the drilospheric microbiota.
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Feeding behaviour of epi-anecic Earthworm species and their impacts on soil microbial communities
Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2018Co-Authors: Kevin Hoeffner, Cécile Monard, Mathieu Santonja, Daniel CluzeauAbstract:Earthworms contribute to numerous ecosystem services provided by soils. Most of the studies focusing on the contributions of Earthworms on leaf litter decomposition were conducted by comparing distinct ecological categories (epigeic, epi-anecic, anecic strict and endogeic), whereas their specific contributions within a given ecological category remains largely unknown. In this context, the aim of this study was to determine the contribution of four epi-anecic Earthworm species (Lumbricus rubellus, Lumbricus festivus, Lumbricus centralis and Lumbricus terrestris) to the leaf litter decomposition of three plant species (Lolium perenne, Holcus lanatus and Corylus avellana) with contrasted litter traits located at both the soil surface and at a depth of 10 cm. Fungal and bacterial communities inhabiting epi-anecic Earthworm Burrows were also assessed using T-RFLP analysis. Epi-anecic Earthworms improved the leaf litter mass loss solely at the soil surface, while leaf litter mass loss was mainly due to microbial activity at 10 cm deep. Leaf litter mass loss was positively correlated to the initial biomass of the epi-anecic Earthworms and the intensity of this relationship was dependent on litter type. Interestingly, L. festivus seemed to have a higher contribution to surface leaf litter mass loss that was linked to a stimulation of the fungal communities in its Burrows. Fungal communities were thus impacted by both the litter type and the epi-anecic Earthworm identity whereas soil bacterial diversity and richness were stimulated in the Earthworm Burrows whatever the epi-anecic Earthworm species considered. Overall, epi-anecic Earthworms contributed to enhance the diversity of the drilospheric microbiota. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd
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Response of soil microbial enzymatic activity to Earthworm species
2018Co-Authors: Kevin Hoeffner, Mathieu Santonja, Daniel Cluzeau, Cécile MonardAbstract:As detritus feeders, Earthworms are qualified as soil engineers and play a key role in the degradation of soil organic matter (SOM). Their contribution to this function is either direct by consuming dead organic matter or indirect by stimulating microbial communities in the soil (Brown, 1995). Most of the studies evaluating their contribution to this function were conducted at the level of three ecological categories (epigeic, anecic and endogeic). Each ecological category described in these studies is often represented by a single model species. However, the anatomical and physiological features of Earthworms belonging to the same ecological category are different, which could modify their involvement in the degradation process of soil organic matter. Within the anecic Earthworms, Jégou et al., (1998, 2000), based on studies from Bouché (1972, 1977), distinguished the strict anecic from the epi-anecic : strict anecic construct high density of non-permanent Burrows and have low surface litter incorporation rates whereas the epi-anecic build permanent Burrows into which they incorporate high quantities of fresh litter from the soil surface. These different behaviours could impact directly soil microbial activity by inducing changes in their habitat and impacting their production of extracellular enzymes contributing to different biogeochemical cycles (C, N, P) and thus to SOM decomposition. The objectives of this study were to determine and compare the contribution of different Earthworm species within epi-anecic and strict anecic to the degradation of SOM through the analysis of soil enzymatic activity in their middens and Burrows. To do this, an experiment using soil microcosms was conducted in 5 replicates to compare the impact of (1) three separate epi-anecic species (Lumbricus rubellus, L. centralis and L. terrestris), (2) three separate strict anecic species (Aporrectodea caliginosa meridionalis, A. nocturna and A. giardi) and (3) the mixing effects between these different species (by pairs of two species) on five enzymatic soil activities. Enzyme activities measured were (i) FDA (global soil activity), (ii) Beta-Glucosidase (carbon cycle), (iii) Cellulase (carbon cycle), (iv) Leucine Amino Peptidase (nitrogen cycle) and (v) Phosphatase (phosphorus cycle). Earthworms were fed with Lolium perenne during 30 days. Enzymatic activities were analysed at the end of the experiment (30 days) in middens and in the Earthworm Burrows and compared to those measured in microcosms of soil without Earthworms (control). In monoculture and compared to the bulk soil (without Earthworms), we observed that enzymatic activities were significantly stimulated in the presence of epi-anecic compared to strict-anecic species independently of the two micro-sites sampled (middens and Earthworm Burrows). These differences are more pronounced with FDA, Leucine Amino Peptidase and Beta-Glucosidase enzyme activities than with Cellulase and Phosphatase (respectively, +34, +57, +78 and +14, +8 %). Still in monoculture, no difference was found between species of the same ecological category. Interactions between Earthworm species (intra- or inter-ecological category) on enzyme activity were mainly additive (functional redundancy). These initial results are in accordance with the grouping of the Earthworms into functional groups initially based on morphological, physiological and ecological criteria that is thus consistent with the measurements of microbial activities carried out.
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Feeding behavior of epi-anecic Earthworm species and their impact on soil microbial communities
2018Co-Authors: Kevin Hoeffner, Cécile Monard, Mathieu Santonja, Daniel CluzeauAbstract:Organic matter decomposition is a key ecosystem function due to its importance for carbon and nutrient cycling (Bardgett et al., 2005), soil structure (Soane, 1990), and water storage (Soane, 1990). Roughly 90 % of the global terrestrial plant production enters the dead organic matter pool (Cebrian, 1999), making decomposition of plant material one of the most crucial processes in terrestrial ecosystems (Tiessen et al., 1994). Plant litter decomposition is governed by environmental conditions (e.g. humidity and temperature), litter quality (i.e. its physical and chemical characteristics), and the decomposer communities (i.e. abundance, diversity and activity) (Stout and Goh, 1980; Coûteaux et al., 1995). Given their impact on soil functioning and their interactions with soil organisms, Earthworms contribute to the recycling of organic matter and participate significantly in the numerous ecosystem services provided by soils. Most of the studies focusing on the role of Earthworms on litter decomposition were conducted by comparing distinct ecological categories (epigeic, epi-anecic, anecic strict and endogeic), whereas their specific contribution within a given ecological category remains largely unknown. In this context, the aim of this study was to determine the contribution of four epi-anecic Earthworm’ species to (i) the decomposition of plant litters with contrasted chemical and physical proprieties and (ii) the effect of these interactions on fungal and bacterial communities inhabiting their Burrows. We selected four epi anecic taxa (Lumbricus rubellus, L. festivus, L. centralis and L. terrestris). Each taxon was exposed separately to leaves of three different plants (Holcus lanatus, Lolium perenne and Corylus avellana). A 5 × 3 factorial design was performed with 4 replicates and for two incubation times (10 or 20 days): with or without (control accounting for the litter mass loss due to microbial decomposition or leaching) one of the four epi-anecic species; with one of the three litter types placed at the soil surface and at 10 cm deep. The effect of these interactions on fungal and bacterial communities inhabiting epi-anecic Burrows were assessed using T-RFLP analysis. Epi-anecic species improved the litter mass loss solely at the soil surface, while, at 10 cm deep, litter mass loss was mainly due to microbial activity. Litter mass loss was correlated to the initial mass of epi-anecic species and its intensity depended on litter quality as the four epi-anecic species displayed a similar sensitivity to the quality of the litter added. Interestingly, L. festivus seemed to have a higher efficiency in surface litter mass loss that was linked to a stimulation of the fungal communities in its Burrows. Fungal communities were thus impacted by both the litter type and the epi-anecic species whereas soil bacterial diversity and richness were stimulated in the Earthworm Burrows whatever the epi-anecic species. Overall, epi-anecic species contribute to enhance the diversity of the drilospheric microbiota. Our results indicate that grouping Earthworms within ecological categories can give an indication of their global effect on soil litter decomposition, however, to take this analysis further, species-level studies are needed and advised.
Nico Eisenhauer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Experimental Evaluation of Herbivory on Live Plant Seedlings by the Earthworm Lumbricus terrestris L. in the Presence and Absence of Soil Surface Litter
PloS one, 2015Co-Authors: Johannes Kirchberger, Nico Eisenhauer, Wolfgang W. Weisser, Manfred TürkeAbstract:Background Recent studies suggested that the Earthworm Lumbricus terrestris might act as a seedling predator by ingesting emerging seedlings, and individuals were observed damaging fresh leaves of various plant species in the field. To evaluate the significance of herbivore behavior of L. terrestris for plant and Earthworm performance we exposed 23- to 33-days-old seedlings of six plant species to Earthworms in two microcosm experiments. Plants belonged to the three functional groups grasses, non-leguminous herbs, and legumes. Leaf damage, leaf mortality, the number of leaves as well as mortality and growth of seedlings were followed over a period of up to 26 days. In a subset of replicates 0.1 g of soil surface litter of each of the six plant species was provided and consumption was estimated regularly to determine potential feeding preferences of Earthworms. Results There was no difference in seedling growth, the number of live seedlings and dead leaves between treatments with or without worms. Fresh leaves were damaged eight times during the experiment, most likely by L. terrestris, with two direct observations of Earthworms tearing off leaf parts. Another nine leaves were partly pulled into Earthworm Burrows. Lumbricus terrestris preferred to consume legume litter over litter of the other plant functional groups. Earthworms that consumed litter lost less weight than individuals that were provided with soil and live plants only, indicating that live plants are not a suitable substitute for litter in Earthworm nutrition.
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Experimental Evaluation of Herbivory on Live Plant Seedlings by the Earthworm Lumbricus terrestris L. in the Presence and Absence of Soil Surface Litter
2015Co-Authors: Johannes Kirchberger, Nico Eisenhauer, Wolfgang W. Weisser, Manfred TürkeAbstract:BackgroundRecent studies suggested that the Earthworm Lumbricus terrestris might act as a seedling predator by ingesting emerging seedlings, and individuals were observed damaging fresh leaves of various plant species in the field. To evaluate the significance of herbivore behavior of L. terrestris for plant and Earthworm performance we exposed 23- to 33-days-old seedlings of six plant species to Earthworms in two microcosm experiments. Plants belonged to the three functional groups grasses, non-leguminous herbs, and legumes. Leaf damage, leaf mortality, the number of leaves as well as mortality and growth of seedlings were followed over a period of up to 26 days. In a subset of replicates 0.1 g of soil surface litter of each of the six plant species was provided and consumption was estimated regularly to determine potential feeding preferences of Earthworms.ResultsThere was no difference in seedling growth, the number of live seedlings and dead leaves between treatments with or without worms. Fresh leaves were damaged eight times during the experiment, most likely by L. terrestris, with two direct observations of Earthworms tearing off leaf parts. Another nine leaves were partly pulled into Earthworm Burrows. Lumbricus terrestris preferred to consume legume litter over litter of the other plant functional groups. Earthworms that consumed litter lost less weight than individuals that were provided with soil and live plants only, indicating that live plants are not a suitable substitute for litter in Earthworm nutrition.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that L. terrestris damages live plants; however, this behavior occurs only rarely. Pulling live plants into Earthworm Burrows might induce microbial decomposition of leaves to make them suitable for later consumption. Herbivory on plants beyond the initial seedling stage may only play a minor role in Earthworm nutrition and has limited potential to influence plant growth.
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Importance of Earthworm-seed interactions for the structure and composition of plant communities: a review
Acta Oecologica, 2011Co-Authors: Estelle Forey, Stefan Scheu, Sébastien Barot, Thibaud Decaëns, Estelle Langlois, Kam-rigne Laossi, Pierre Margerie, Nico EisenhauerAbstract:Soil seed bank composition and dynamics are crucial elements for the understanding of plant population and community ecology. Earthworms are increasingly recognized as important dispersers and predators of seeds. Through direct and indirect effects they influence either positively or negatively the establishment and survival of seeds and seedlings. Seedling establishment is affected by a variety of Earthworm-mediated mechanisms, such as selective seed ingestion and digestion, acceleration or deceleration of germination, and seed transport. Earthworm casts deposited on the soil surface and the entrance of Earthworm Burrows often contain viable seeds and constitute important regeneration niches for plant seedlings and therefore likely favour specific seed traits. However, the role of Earthworms as seed dispersers, mediators of seed bank dynamics and seed predators has not been considered in concert. The overall effect of Earthworms on plant communities remains little understood. Most knowledge is based on laboratory studies on temperate species and future work has to explore the biological significance of Earthwormeseed interactions under more natural conditions. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on Earthwormeseed interactions and discuss factors determining these interactions. We highlight that this interaction may be an underappreciated, yet major driving force for the dynamics of soil seed banks and plant communities which most likely have experienced co-evolutionary processes. Despite the experimental bias, we hypothesize that the knowledge gathered in the present review is of crucial relevance for restoration and conservation ecology. For instance, as Earthworms emerge as successful and ubiquitous invaders in various ecosystems, the summarized information might serve as a basis for realistic estimations and modelling of consequences on native plant communities. We depict promising directions of future research and point to the need to consider above- and belowground interactions in order to mechanistically understand the driving forces of plant community assembly.
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Importance of Earthworm–seed interactions for the composition and structure of plant communities: A review
Acta Oecologica, 2011Co-Authors: Estelle Forey, Stefan Scheu, Sébastien Barot, Thibaud Decaëns, Estelle Langlois, Kam-rigne Laossi, Pierre Margerie, Nico EisenhauerAbstract:International audienceSoil seed bank composition and dynamics are crucial elements for the understanding of plant population and community ecology. Earthworms are increasingly recognized as important dispersers and predators of seeds. Through direct and indirect effects they influence either positively or negatively the establishment and survival of seeds and seedlings. Seedling establishment is affected by a variety of Earthworm-mediated mechanisms, such as selective seed ingestion and digestion, acceleration or deceleration of germination, and seed transport. Earthworm casts deposited on the soil surface and the entrance of Earthworm Burrows often contain viable seeds and constitute important regeneration niches for plant seedlings and therefore likely favour specific seed traits. However, the role of Earthworms as seed dispersers, mediators of seed bank dynamics and seed predators has not been considered in concert. The overall effect of Earthworms on plant communities remains little understood. Most knowledge is based on laboratory studies on temperate species and future work has to explore the biological significance of Earthwormeseed interactions under more natural conditions. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on Earthwormeseed interactions and discuss factors determining these interactions. We highlight that this interaction may be an underappreciated, yet major driving force for the dynamics of soil seed banks and plant communities which most likely have experienced co-evolutionary processes. Despite the experimental bias, we hypothesize that the knowledge gathered in the present review is of crucial relevance for restoration and conservation ecology. For instance, as Earthworms emerge as successful and ubiquitous invaders in various ecosystems, the summarized information might serve as a basis for realistic estimations and modelling of consequences on native plant communities. We depict promising directions of future research and point to the need to consider above- and belowground interactions in order to mechanistically understand the driving forces of plant community assembly
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Invasibility of experimental grassland communities: the role of Earthworms, plant functional group identity and seed size
Oikos, 2008Co-Authors: Nico Eisenhauer, Stefan ScheuAbstract:Invasions of natural communities by non-indigenous species threaten native biodiversity and are currently rated as one of the most important global-scale environmental problems. The mechanisms that make communities resistant to invasions and drive the establishment success of seedlings are essential both for management and for understanding community assembly and structure. Especially in grasslands, anecic Earthworms are known to function as ecosystem engineers, however, their direct effects on plant community composition and on the invasibility of plant communities via plant seed burial, ingestion and digestion are poorly understood. In a greenhouse experiment we investigated the impact of Lumbricus terrestris, plant functional group identity and seed size of plant invader species and plant functional group of the established plant community on the number and biomass of plant invaders. We set up 120 microcosms comprising four plant community treatments, two Earthworm treatments and three plant invader treatments containing three seed size classes. Earthworm performance was influenced by an interaction between plant functional group identity of the established plant community and that of invader species. The established plant community and invader seed size affected the number of invader plants significantly, while invader biomass was only affected by the established community. Since Earthworm effects on the number and biomass of invader plants varied with seed size and plant functional group identity they probably play a key role in seedling establishment and plant community composition. Seeds and germinating seedlings in Earthworm Burrows may significantly contribute to Earthworm nutrition, but this deserves further attention. Lumbricus terrestris likely behaves like a ‘farmer’ by collecting plant seeds which cannot directly be swallowed or digested. Presumably, these seeds are left in middens and become eatable after partial microbial decay. Increased Earthworm numbers in more diverse plant communities likely contribute to the positive relationship between plant species diversity and resistance against invaders.
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Epi-anecic rather than strict-anecic Earthworms enhance soil enzymatic activities
Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2019Co-Authors: Kevin Hoeffner, Mathieu Santonja, Daniel Cluzeau, Cécile MonardAbstract:Earthworms in interaction with soil microorganisms play a key role in litter decomposition. Moreover, as soil engineers, Earthworms modify microbial communities and their enzymatic activities. Most studies focusing on Earthworms and soil enzymatic activities compare distinct ecological categories of Earthworms whereas their contributions and interactions within a given ecological category remain largely unknown. In this context, the aims of the present study were to determine and compare the contribution of (1) three strict-anecic Earthworm species, (2) three epi-anecic Earthworm species and (3) the pairwise interactions between these different species on Lolium perenne leaf litter decomposition and soil microbial activity. After 30 days of incubation, the surface litter mass loss and five soil enzymatic activities (FDAse, β-D-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, leucine amino-peptidase and acid phosphatase) were measured in both Earthworm Burrows and middens. In mono-specific assemblages, leaf litter mass loss and enzymatic activities were significantly higher in the presence of epi-anecic compared to strict-anecic species, whatever the species identity. These differences were higher for the β-D-glucosidase, leucine amino-peptidase and FDAse (+78%, +57% and +34%, respectively). Earthworm species interactions at both intra- and inter-ecological sub-categories did not enhance either leaf litter mass loss or enzymatic activities. Interestingly, FDAse activity was higher in Earthworm Burrows whereas acid phosphatase activity was higher in Earthworm middens. These results indicate that the two anecic ecological sub-categories have different impacts on soil functioning and each of them regroups Earthworm species with similar behaviour. This functional distinction highlights the key role of epi-anecic Earthworms in fresh surface litter burial and decomposition, featuring their importance on nutrient cycling in soil and for microbial activities stimulation through resource availability.
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Feeding behavior of epi-anecic Earthworm species and their impact on soil microbial communities
2018Co-Authors: Kevin Hoeffner, Cécile Monard, Mathieu Santonja, Daniel CluzeauAbstract:Earthworms contribute to numerous ecosystem services provided by soils. Most of the studies focusing on the contributions of Earthworms on leaf litter decomposition were conducted by comparing distinct ecological categories (epigeic, epi-anecic, anecic strict and endogeic), whereas their specific contributions within a given ecological category remains largely unknown. In this context, the aim of this study was to determine the contribution of four epi-anecic Earthworm species (Lumbricus rubellus, Lumbricus festivus, Lumbricus centralis and Lumbricus terrestris) to the leaf litter decomposition of three plant species (Lolium perenne, Holcus lanatus and Corylus avellana) with contrasted litter traits located at both the soil surface and at a depth of 10 cm. Fungal and bacterial communities inhabiting epi-anecic Earthworm Burrows were also assessed using T-RFLP analysis. Epianecic Earthworms improved the leaf litter mass loss solely at the soil surface, while leaf litter mass loss was mainly due to microbial activity at 10 cm deep. Leaf litter mass loss was positively correlated to the initial biomass of the epi-anecic Earthworms and the intensity of this relationship was dependent on litter type. Interestingly, L. festivus seemed to have a higher contribution to surface leaf litter mass loss that was linked to a stimulation of the fungal communities in its Burrows. Fungal communities were thus impacted by both the litter type and the epi-anecic Earthworm identity whereas soil bacterial diversity and richness were stimulated in the Earthworm Burrows whatever the epi-anecic Earthworm species considered. Overall, epi-anecic Earthworms contributed to enhance the diversity of the drilospheric microbiota.
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Feeding behaviour of epi-anecic Earthworm species and their impacts on soil microbial communities
Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2018Co-Authors: Kevin Hoeffner, Cécile Monard, Mathieu Santonja, Daniel CluzeauAbstract:Earthworms contribute to numerous ecosystem services provided by soils. Most of the studies focusing on the contributions of Earthworms on leaf litter decomposition were conducted by comparing distinct ecological categories (epigeic, epi-anecic, anecic strict and endogeic), whereas their specific contributions within a given ecological category remains largely unknown. In this context, the aim of this study was to determine the contribution of four epi-anecic Earthworm species (Lumbricus rubellus, Lumbricus festivus, Lumbricus centralis and Lumbricus terrestris) to the leaf litter decomposition of three plant species (Lolium perenne, Holcus lanatus and Corylus avellana) with contrasted litter traits located at both the soil surface and at a depth of 10 cm. Fungal and bacterial communities inhabiting epi-anecic Earthworm Burrows were also assessed using T-RFLP analysis. Epi-anecic Earthworms improved the leaf litter mass loss solely at the soil surface, while leaf litter mass loss was mainly due to microbial activity at 10 cm deep. Leaf litter mass loss was positively correlated to the initial biomass of the epi-anecic Earthworms and the intensity of this relationship was dependent on litter type. Interestingly, L. festivus seemed to have a higher contribution to surface leaf litter mass loss that was linked to a stimulation of the fungal communities in its Burrows. Fungal communities were thus impacted by both the litter type and the epi-anecic Earthworm identity whereas soil bacterial diversity and richness were stimulated in the Earthworm Burrows whatever the epi-anecic Earthworm species considered. Overall, epi-anecic Earthworms contributed to enhance the diversity of the drilospheric microbiota. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd
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Response of soil microbial enzymatic activity to Earthworm species
2018Co-Authors: Kevin Hoeffner, Mathieu Santonja, Daniel Cluzeau, Cécile MonardAbstract:As detritus feeders, Earthworms are qualified as soil engineers and play a key role in the degradation of soil organic matter (SOM). Their contribution to this function is either direct by consuming dead organic matter or indirect by stimulating microbial communities in the soil (Brown, 1995). Most of the studies evaluating their contribution to this function were conducted at the level of three ecological categories (epigeic, anecic and endogeic). Each ecological category described in these studies is often represented by a single model species. However, the anatomical and physiological features of Earthworms belonging to the same ecological category are different, which could modify their involvement in the degradation process of soil organic matter. Within the anecic Earthworms, Jégou et al., (1998, 2000), based on studies from Bouché (1972, 1977), distinguished the strict anecic from the epi-anecic : strict anecic construct high density of non-permanent Burrows and have low surface litter incorporation rates whereas the epi-anecic build permanent Burrows into which they incorporate high quantities of fresh litter from the soil surface. These different behaviours could impact directly soil microbial activity by inducing changes in their habitat and impacting their production of extracellular enzymes contributing to different biogeochemical cycles (C, N, P) and thus to SOM decomposition. The objectives of this study were to determine and compare the contribution of different Earthworm species within epi-anecic and strict anecic to the degradation of SOM through the analysis of soil enzymatic activity in their middens and Burrows. To do this, an experiment using soil microcosms was conducted in 5 replicates to compare the impact of (1) three separate epi-anecic species (Lumbricus rubellus, L. centralis and L. terrestris), (2) three separate strict anecic species (Aporrectodea caliginosa meridionalis, A. nocturna and A. giardi) and (3) the mixing effects between these different species (by pairs of two species) on five enzymatic soil activities. Enzyme activities measured were (i) FDA (global soil activity), (ii) Beta-Glucosidase (carbon cycle), (iii) Cellulase (carbon cycle), (iv) Leucine Amino Peptidase (nitrogen cycle) and (v) Phosphatase (phosphorus cycle). Earthworms were fed with Lolium perenne during 30 days. Enzymatic activities were analysed at the end of the experiment (30 days) in middens and in the Earthworm Burrows and compared to those measured in microcosms of soil without Earthworms (control). In monoculture and compared to the bulk soil (without Earthworms), we observed that enzymatic activities were significantly stimulated in the presence of epi-anecic compared to strict-anecic species independently of the two micro-sites sampled (middens and Earthworm Burrows). These differences are more pronounced with FDA, Leucine Amino Peptidase and Beta-Glucosidase enzyme activities than with Cellulase and Phosphatase (respectively, +34, +57, +78 and +14, +8 %). Still in monoculture, no difference was found between species of the same ecological category. Interactions between Earthworm species (intra- or inter-ecological category) on enzyme activity were mainly additive (functional redundancy). These initial results are in accordance with the grouping of the Earthworms into functional groups initially based on morphological, physiological and ecological criteria that is thus consistent with the measurements of microbial activities carried out.
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Feeding behavior of epi-anecic Earthworm species and their impact on soil microbial communities
2018Co-Authors: Kevin Hoeffner, Cécile Monard, Mathieu Santonja, Daniel CluzeauAbstract:Organic matter decomposition is a key ecosystem function due to its importance for carbon and nutrient cycling (Bardgett et al., 2005), soil structure (Soane, 1990), and water storage (Soane, 1990). Roughly 90 % of the global terrestrial plant production enters the dead organic matter pool (Cebrian, 1999), making decomposition of plant material one of the most crucial processes in terrestrial ecosystems (Tiessen et al., 1994). Plant litter decomposition is governed by environmental conditions (e.g. humidity and temperature), litter quality (i.e. its physical and chemical characteristics), and the decomposer communities (i.e. abundance, diversity and activity) (Stout and Goh, 1980; Coûteaux et al., 1995). Given their impact on soil functioning and their interactions with soil organisms, Earthworms contribute to the recycling of organic matter and participate significantly in the numerous ecosystem services provided by soils. Most of the studies focusing on the role of Earthworms on litter decomposition were conducted by comparing distinct ecological categories (epigeic, epi-anecic, anecic strict and endogeic), whereas their specific contribution within a given ecological category remains largely unknown. In this context, the aim of this study was to determine the contribution of four epi-anecic Earthworm’ species to (i) the decomposition of plant litters with contrasted chemical and physical proprieties and (ii) the effect of these interactions on fungal and bacterial communities inhabiting their Burrows. We selected four epi anecic taxa (Lumbricus rubellus, L. festivus, L. centralis and L. terrestris). Each taxon was exposed separately to leaves of three different plants (Holcus lanatus, Lolium perenne and Corylus avellana). A 5 × 3 factorial design was performed with 4 replicates and for two incubation times (10 or 20 days): with or without (control accounting for the litter mass loss due to microbial decomposition or leaching) one of the four epi-anecic species; with one of the three litter types placed at the soil surface and at 10 cm deep. The effect of these interactions on fungal and bacterial communities inhabiting epi-anecic Burrows were assessed using T-RFLP analysis. Epi-anecic species improved the litter mass loss solely at the soil surface, while, at 10 cm deep, litter mass loss was mainly due to microbial activity. Litter mass loss was correlated to the initial mass of epi-anecic species and its intensity depended on litter quality as the four epi-anecic species displayed a similar sensitivity to the quality of the litter added. Interestingly, L. festivus seemed to have a higher efficiency in surface litter mass loss that was linked to a stimulation of the fungal communities in its Burrows. Fungal communities were thus impacted by both the litter type and the epi-anecic species whereas soil bacterial diversity and richness were stimulated in the Earthworm Burrows whatever the epi-anecic species. Overall, epi-anecic species contribute to enhance the diversity of the drilospheric microbiota. Our results indicate that grouping Earthworms within ecological categories can give an indication of their global effect on soil litter decomposition, however, to take this analysis further, species-level studies are needed and advised.