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Yvan Capowiez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Metabolic mechanisms and acetylcholinesterase sensitivity involved in tolerance to chlorpyrifos-ethyl in the Earwig Forficula auricularia.
Chemosphere, 2019Co-Authors: Adrien Le Navenant, Yvan Capowiez, Myriam Siegwart, Sandrine Maugin, Magali RaultAbstract:Apple orchards are highly treated crops, in which organophosphorus (OP) are among the most heavily sprayed insecticides. These pesticides are toxic to non-target arthropods and their repeated use increases the risk of resistance. We studied mechanisms involved in tolerance and resistance to OP insecticides in the Earwig Forficula auricularia, an effective generalist predator in pomefruit orchards. Adult Earwigs were sampled in three apple orchards managed under contrasting strategies: conventional, Integrated Pest Management, and organic. The threshold activities of enzyme families involved in pesticides tolerance: Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) and Carboxylesterases (CbEs) were measured in Earwig extracts. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was monitored as a toxicological endpoint. Variations in these activities were assessed prior to and after exposure to chlorpyrifos-ethyl at the normal application rate. We observed that the mortality of Earwigs exposed to chlorpyrifos-ethyl depended on the management strategy of orchards. Significantly lower mortality was seen in individuals sampled from conventional orchard. The basal activities of CbEs and GSTs of collected organisms were higher in conventional orchard. After in vivo exposure, AChE activity appeared to be inhibited in surviving males with no difference between orchards. However an in vitro inhibition trial with chlorpyrifos-oxon showed that AChE from Earwigs collected in organic and IPM orchards were more sensitive than from conventional ones. These observations support the hypothesis of a molecular target modification in AChE and highlight the possible role of CbEs in effective protection of AChE. Our findings suggest that the Earwigs with a high historic level of insecticide exposure could acquire resistance to chlorpyrifos-ethyl.
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The feasibility and efficacy of early-season releases of a generalist predator (Forficula auricularia L.) to control populations of the RAA (Dysaphis plantaginea Passerini) in Southeastern France
Bulletin of Entomological Research, 2016Co-Authors: Hazem Dib, Marie Jamont, Benoit Sauphanor, Yvan CapowiezAbstract:Augmentative biological control is not commonly used in commercial orchards. We used an exclusion system to evaluate the potential of early-season releases of the European Earwig (Forficula auricularia L., Dermaptera: Forficulidae) for control of the rosy apple aphid (Dysaphis plantaginea Passerini, Hemiptera: Aphididae) in the spring of 2009 in two pesticide-free apple orchards. In order to conduct this experiment we successfully reared Earwigs with a high survival rate of nymphs (more than 96%) which may have commercial application. There were three treatments in the study: (i) a 'release treatment' where we confined the released Earwigs in the canopy by using a barrier system; (ii) an 'exclusion treatment' where we blocked free access of Earwigs into the canopy using the same barrier system; and (iii) a 'control treatment' that represented the natural situation. Contrary to expectations, Earwig releases did not reduce D. plantaginea populations. In general, the abundance of natural enemies and their groups did not differ significantly among treatments, except for Earwigs. We observed that the exclusion systems we used successfully kept both Earwigs and ants away from tree canopies; total numbers on trees in the 'exclusion treatment' were significantly lower than on the other two treatments. Due to the complexity and difficulty of evaluating augmentative releases of natural enemies in open orchard conditions, we conclude that new technical approaches to control site conditions are needed when conducting such studies
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impact of insecticide exposure on the predation activity of the european Earwig forficula auricularia
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2015Co-Authors: Laure Malagnoux, Yvan Capowiez, Magali RaultAbstract:The European Earwig Forficula auricularia is an effective predator in apple orchards. It is therefore crucial to study whether insecticides affect this natural pest control agent. Predation activity, i.e., the number of aphids eaten in 24 h, was determined under laboratory conditions after exposure of fourth-instar nymphs and adult Earwigs to widely used insecticides (acetamiprid, chlorpyrifos-ethyl, deltamethrin, and spinosad), which were applied at the normal application rates. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and carboxylesterase activities were also measured as indicators of pesticide exposure. Predation activity decreased significantly in nymphs exposed to spinosad (62 %) and chlorpyrifos-ethyl (98 %) compared with controls. A similar response was found for both esterase activities. Spinosad had a stronger effect on AChE (−33 %) whereas chlorpyrifos-ethyl affected CbE activity preferentially (−59 %). Spinosad (20 % of controls), acetamiprid (28 %), and chlorpyrifos-ethyl (66 %) also significantly decreased the predation behavior of adult male but not female (5 to 40 %) Earwigs. Adult AChE and CbE activities were also significantly reduced (28 to 67 % of controls) in pesticide-exposed Earwigs. Our results suggest that Earwigs should be included in the environmental risk assessment framework for authorization of newly marketed plant protection products. Their predation behavior appears to be a sensitive and complementary biomarker.
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Management strategies in apple orchards influence Earwig community
Chemosphere, 2015Co-Authors: Laure Malagnoux, Sylvaine Simon, Gaëlle Marliac, Magali Rault, Yvan CapowiezAbstract:Our aim was to assess whether different apple orchard management strategies (low-input, organic, Integrated Pest Management (IPM)) would have an effect on Earwigs, which are important natural enemies of apple pests. These commercial orchards were as well compared to abandoned orchards. The density of Forficula auricularia and Forficula pubescens was studied for three years in 74 orchards around Avignon. The pesticide usage, some orchard characteristics and two small-scale landscape parameters were characterized. Pesticide use was significantly different between low-input, organic and IPM orchards with particularly significant differences in the number of insecticide applications (2.2, 4.9 and 9.2 respectively). Pesticide use had a much stronger impact on Earwig community than other characteristics. F. auricularia density was significantly lower in IPM orchards (0.47 individuals per tree) compared to organic, low-input and abandoned orchards (3.1, 4.5 and 1.6 individuals per tree, respectively). F. pubescens was almost absent from IPM orchards and its abundance was higher in abandoned or low-input orchards compared to organic orchards (1.5 and 2.8 vs 0.8 individuals per tree). The percentage of F. pubescens in the Earwig community decreased from abandoned (52%) to low-input (40%), organic (15%) and IPM orchards (0.5%). These results were confirmed by LD50 assays showing that for the two pesticides causing mortality close to normal application rates (chlorpyrifos-ethyl and acetamiprid), F. pubescens was significantly more sensitive than F. auricularia. Since Earwigs are also easy to capture and identify, they may be useful to estimate the effects of management strategies and their modification in pome fruit orchards.
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Tissue distribution, characterization and in vitro inhibition of B-esterases in the Earwig Forficula auricularia
Chemosphere, 2014Co-Authors: Laure Malagnoux, Yvan Capowiez, Magali RaultAbstract:True acetylcholinesterase located in the head as a membrane-bound enzyme in Earwig. High carboxylesterase isoenzymes could play important role in detoxification. In vitro strongest inhibitory effect of chlorpyrifos-oxon on carboxylesterase. Different pesticides effects on male and female for carboxylesterase but not acetylcholinesterase. Carboxylesterase could be complementary biomarkers of pesticides exposure in Earwig. a b s t r a c t Earwigs are important natural enemies of numerous pests in pome fruit orchards worldwide. Studying the effects of agricultural practices on these biological control agents is important for understanding its vulnerability in the field. The aim of this study was to characterize the B-esterase activities in the European Earwig Forficula auricularia and to evaluate in vitro its sensitivity to organophosphate and carbamate pesticides. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was mainly measured with 1.5 mM acetylthi-ocholine as the substrate in the microsomal fraction of Earwig heads (70% of total AChE activity). Carboxylesterase (CbE) activities were measured with three substrates [5 mM 4-nitrophenyl acetate (4-NPA), 1 mM 4-nitrophenyl valerate (4-NPV), and 2 mM a-naphtyl acetate (a-NA)] to examine different isoenzymes, which were present mainly in the cytosolic fraction (about 70–88% of total activities) of all Earwig tissues. CbE activity was higher than AChE activity, especially with a-NA, then 4-NPA and lastly 4-NPV. Chlorpyrifos-oxon an organophosphate, and carbaryl a carbamate pesticide, inhibited AChE and CbE activities in a concentration-dependent manner. Earwig CbE activities showed a stronger sensitivity to organophosphate than AChE, with the strongest effect for chlorpyrifos-oxon on male carboxylesterase activities. CbE and AChE showed about the same sensitivity to carbamate pesticides regardless of sex. These results suggest that B-type esterases in the European Earwig F. auricularia are suitable biomarkers of pesticide exposure.
Magali Rault - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Metabolic mechanisms and acetylcholinesterase sensitivity involved in tolerance to chlorpyrifos-ethyl in the Earwig Forficula auricularia.
Chemosphere, 2019Co-Authors: Adrien Le Navenant, Yvan Capowiez, Myriam Siegwart, Sandrine Maugin, Magali RaultAbstract:Apple orchards are highly treated crops, in which organophosphorus (OP) are among the most heavily sprayed insecticides. These pesticides are toxic to non-target arthropods and their repeated use increases the risk of resistance. We studied mechanisms involved in tolerance and resistance to OP insecticides in the Earwig Forficula auricularia, an effective generalist predator in pomefruit orchards. Adult Earwigs were sampled in three apple orchards managed under contrasting strategies: conventional, Integrated Pest Management, and organic. The threshold activities of enzyme families involved in pesticides tolerance: Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) and Carboxylesterases (CbEs) were measured in Earwig extracts. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was monitored as a toxicological endpoint. Variations in these activities were assessed prior to and after exposure to chlorpyrifos-ethyl at the normal application rate. We observed that the mortality of Earwigs exposed to chlorpyrifos-ethyl depended on the management strategy of orchards. Significantly lower mortality was seen in individuals sampled from conventional orchard. The basal activities of CbEs and GSTs of collected organisms were higher in conventional orchard. After in vivo exposure, AChE activity appeared to be inhibited in surviving males with no difference between orchards. However an in vitro inhibition trial with chlorpyrifos-oxon showed that AChE from Earwigs collected in organic and IPM orchards were more sensitive than from conventional ones. These observations support the hypothesis of a molecular target modification in AChE and highlight the possible role of CbEs in effective protection of AChE. Our findings suggest that the Earwigs with a high historic level of insecticide exposure could acquire resistance to chlorpyrifos-ethyl.
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impact of insecticide exposure on the predation activity of the european Earwig forficula auricularia
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2015Co-Authors: Laure Malagnoux, Yvan Capowiez, Magali RaultAbstract:The European Earwig Forficula auricularia is an effective predator in apple orchards. It is therefore crucial to study whether insecticides affect this natural pest control agent. Predation activity, i.e., the number of aphids eaten in 24 h, was determined under laboratory conditions after exposure of fourth-instar nymphs and adult Earwigs to widely used insecticides (acetamiprid, chlorpyrifos-ethyl, deltamethrin, and spinosad), which were applied at the normal application rates. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and carboxylesterase activities were also measured as indicators of pesticide exposure. Predation activity decreased significantly in nymphs exposed to spinosad (62 %) and chlorpyrifos-ethyl (98 %) compared with controls. A similar response was found for both esterase activities. Spinosad had a stronger effect on AChE (−33 %) whereas chlorpyrifos-ethyl affected CbE activity preferentially (−59 %). Spinosad (20 % of controls), acetamiprid (28 %), and chlorpyrifos-ethyl (66 %) also significantly decreased the predation behavior of adult male but not female (5 to 40 %) Earwigs. Adult AChE and CbE activities were also significantly reduced (28 to 67 % of controls) in pesticide-exposed Earwigs. Our results suggest that Earwigs should be included in the environmental risk assessment framework for authorization of newly marketed plant protection products. Their predation behavior appears to be a sensitive and complementary biomarker.
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Management strategies in apple orchards influence Earwig community
Chemosphere, 2015Co-Authors: Malagnoux Laure, Sylvaine Simon, Magali Rault, Maniac Gaelle, Capowiez YvanAbstract:Our aim was to assess whether different apple orchard management strategies (low-input, organic, Integrated Pest Management (IPM)) would have an effect on Earwigs, which are important natural enemies of apple pests. These commercial orchards were as well compared to abandoned orchards. The density of Forficula auricularia and Forficula pubescens was studied for three years in 74 orchards around Avignon. The pesticide usage, some orchard characteristics and two small-scale landscape parameters were characterized. Pesticide use was significantly different between low-input, organic and IPM orchards with particularly significant differences in the number of insecticide applications (2.2, 4.9 and 9.2 respectively). Pesticide use had a much stronger impact on Earwig community than other characteristics. F. auricularia density was significantly lower in IPM orchards (0.47 individuals per tree) compared to organic, low-input and abandoned orchards (3.1, 4.5 and 1.6 individuals per tree, respectively). F. pubescens was almost absent from IPM orchards and its abundance was higher in abandoned or low-input orchards compared to organic orchards (1.5 and 2.8 vs 0.8 individuals per tree). The percentage of F. pubescens in the Earwig community decreased from abandoned (52%) to low-input (40%), organic (15%) and IPM orchards (0.5%). These results were confirmed by LD50 assays showing that for the two pesticides causing mortality close to normal application rates (chlorpyrifos-ethyl and acetamiprid), F. pubescens was significantly more sensitive than F. auricularia. Since Earwigs are also easy to capture and identify, they may be useful to estimate the effects of management strategies and their modification in pome fruit orchards. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Management strategies in apple orchards influence Earwig community
Chemosphere, 2015Co-Authors: Laure Malagnoux, Sylvaine Simon, Gaëlle Marliac, Magali Rault, Yvan CapowiezAbstract:Our aim was to assess whether different apple orchard management strategies (low-input, organic, Integrated Pest Management (IPM)) would have an effect on Earwigs, which are important natural enemies of apple pests. These commercial orchards were as well compared to abandoned orchards. The density of Forficula auricularia and Forficula pubescens was studied for three years in 74 orchards around Avignon. The pesticide usage, some orchard characteristics and two small-scale landscape parameters were characterized. Pesticide use was significantly different between low-input, organic and IPM orchards with particularly significant differences in the number of insecticide applications (2.2, 4.9 and 9.2 respectively). Pesticide use had a much stronger impact on Earwig community than other characteristics. F. auricularia density was significantly lower in IPM orchards (0.47 individuals per tree) compared to organic, low-input and abandoned orchards (3.1, 4.5 and 1.6 individuals per tree, respectively). F. pubescens was almost absent from IPM orchards and its abundance was higher in abandoned or low-input orchards compared to organic orchards (1.5 and 2.8 vs 0.8 individuals per tree). The percentage of F. pubescens in the Earwig community decreased from abandoned (52%) to low-input (40%), organic (15%) and IPM orchards (0.5%). These results were confirmed by LD50 assays showing that for the two pesticides causing mortality close to normal application rates (chlorpyrifos-ethyl and acetamiprid), F. pubescens was significantly more sensitive than F. auricularia. Since Earwigs are also easy to capture and identify, they may be useful to estimate the effects of management strategies and their modification in pome fruit orchards.
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Tissue distribution, characterization and in vitro inhibition of B-esterases in the Earwig Forficula auricularia
Chemosphere, 2014Co-Authors: Laure Malagnoux, Yvan Capowiez, Magali RaultAbstract:True acetylcholinesterase located in the head as a membrane-bound enzyme in Earwig. High carboxylesterase isoenzymes could play important role in detoxification. In vitro strongest inhibitory effect of chlorpyrifos-oxon on carboxylesterase. Different pesticides effects on male and female for carboxylesterase but not acetylcholinesterase. Carboxylesterase could be complementary biomarkers of pesticides exposure in Earwig. a b s t r a c t Earwigs are important natural enemies of numerous pests in pome fruit orchards worldwide. Studying the effects of agricultural practices on these biological control agents is important for understanding its vulnerability in the field. The aim of this study was to characterize the B-esterase activities in the European Earwig Forficula auricularia and to evaluate in vitro its sensitivity to organophosphate and carbamate pesticides. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was mainly measured with 1.5 mM acetylthi-ocholine as the substrate in the microsomal fraction of Earwig heads (70% of total AChE activity). Carboxylesterase (CbE) activities were measured with three substrates [5 mM 4-nitrophenyl acetate (4-NPA), 1 mM 4-nitrophenyl valerate (4-NPV), and 2 mM a-naphtyl acetate (a-NA)] to examine different isoenzymes, which were present mainly in the cytosolic fraction (about 70–88% of total activities) of all Earwig tissues. CbE activity was higher than AChE activity, especially with a-NA, then 4-NPA and lastly 4-NPV. Chlorpyrifos-oxon an organophosphate, and carbaryl a carbamate pesticide, inhibited AChE and CbE activities in a concentration-dependent manner. Earwig CbE activities showed a stronger sensitivity to organophosphate than AChE, with the strongest effect for chlorpyrifos-oxon on male carboxylesterase activities. CbE and AChE showed about the same sensitivity to carbamate pesticides regardless of sex. These results suggest that B-type esterases in the European Earwig F. auricularia are suitable biomarkers of pesticide exposure.
Laure Malagnoux - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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impact of insecticide exposure on the predation activity of the european Earwig forficula auricularia
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2015Co-Authors: Laure Malagnoux, Yvan Capowiez, Magali RaultAbstract:The European Earwig Forficula auricularia is an effective predator in apple orchards. It is therefore crucial to study whether insecticides affect this natural pest control agent. Predation activity, i.e., the number of aphids eaten in 24 h, was determined under laboratory conditions after exposure of fourth-instar nymphs and adult Earwigs to widely used insecticides (acetamiprid, chlorpyrifos-ethyl, deltamethrin, and spinosad), which were applied at the normal application rates. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and carboxylesterase activities were also measured as indicators of pesticide exposure. Predation activity decreased significantly in nymphs exposed to spinosad (62 %) and chlorpyrifos-ethyl (98 %) compared with controls. A similar response was found for both esterase activities. Spinosad had a stronger effect on AChE (−33 %) whereas chlorpyrifos-ethyl affected CbE activity preferentially (−59 %). Spinosad (20 % of controls), acetamiprid (28 %), and chlorpyrifos-ethyl (66 %) also significantly decreased the predation behavior of adult male but not female (5 to 40 %) Earwigs. Adult AChE and CbE activities were also significantly reduced (28 to 67 % of controls) in pesticide-exposed Earwigs. Our results suggest that Earwigs should be included in the environmental risk assessment framework for authorization of newly marketed plant protection products. Their predation behavior appears to be a sensitive and complementary biomarker.
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Management strategies in apple orchards influence Earwig community
Chemosphere, 2015Co-Authors: Laure Malagnoux, Sylvaine Simon, Gaëlle Marliac, Magali Rault, Yvan CapowiezAbstract:Our aim was to assess whether different apple orchard management strategies (low-input, organic, Integrated Pest Management (IPM)) would have an effect on Earwigs, which are important natural enemies of apple pests. These commercial orchards were as well compared to abandoned orchards. The density of Forficula auricularia and Forficula pubescens was studied for three years in 74 orchards around Avignon. The pesticide usage, some orchard characteristics and two small-scale landscape parameters were characterized. Pesticide use was significantly different between low-input, organic and IPM orchards with particularly significant differences in the number of insecticide applications (2.2, 4.9 and 9.2 respectively). Pesticide use had a much stronger impact on Earwig community than other characteristics. F. auricularia density was significantly lower in IPM orchards (0.47 individuals per tree) compared to organic, low-input and abandoned orchards (3.1, 4.5 and 1.6 individuals per tree, respectively). F. pubescens was almost absent from IPM orchards and its abundance was higher in abandoned or low-input orchards compared to organic orchards (1.5 and 2.8 vs 0.8 individuals per tree). The percentage of F. pubescens in the Earwig community decreased from abandoned (52%) to low-input (40%), organic (15%) and IPM orchards (0.5%). These results were confirmed by LD50 assays showing that for the two pesticides causing mortality close to normal application rates (chlorpyrifos-ethyl and acetamiprid), F. pubescens was significantly more sensitive than F. auricularia. Since Earwigs are also easy to capture and identify, they may be useful to estimate the effects of management strategies and their modification in pome fruit orchards.
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Tissue distribution, characterization and in vitro inhibition of B-esterases in the Earwig Forficula auricularia
Chemosphere, 2014Co-Authors: Laure Malagnoux, Yvan Capowiez, Magali RaultAbstract:True acetylcholinesterase located in the head as a membrane-bound enzyme in Earwig. High carboxylesterase isoenzymes could play important role in detoxification. In vitro strongest inhibitory effect of chlorpyrifos-oxon on carboxylesterase. Different pesticides effects on male and female for carboxylesterase but not acetylcholinesterase. Carboxylesterase could be complementary biomarkers of pesticides exposure in Earwig. a b s t r a c t Earwigs are important natural enemies of numerous pests in pome fruit orchards worldwide. Studying the effects of agricultural practices on these biological control agents is important for understanding its vulnerability in the field. The aim of this study was to characterize the B-esterase activities in the European Earwig Forficula auricularia and to evaluate in vitro its sensitivity to organophosphate and carbamate pesticides. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was mainly measured with 1.5 mM acetylthi-ocholine as the substrate in the microsomal fraction of Earwig heads (70% of total AChE activity). Carboxylesterase (CbE) activities were measured with three substrates [5 mM 4-nitrophenyl acetate (4-NPA), 1 mM 4-nitrophenyl valerate (4-NPV), and 2 mM a-naphtyl acetate (a-NA)] to examine different isoenzymes, which were present mainly in the cytosolic fraction (about 70–88% of total activities) of all Earwig tissues. CbE activity was higher than AChE activity, especially with a-NA, then 4-NPA and lastly 4-NPV. Chlorpyrifos-oxon an organophosphate, and carbaryl a carbamate pesticide, inhibited AChE and CbE activities in a concentration-dependent manner. Earwig CbE activities showed a stronger sensitivity to organophosphate than AChE, with the strongest effect for chlorpyrifos-oxon on male carboxylesterase activities. CbE and AChE showed about the same sensitivity to carbamate pesticides regardless of sex. These results suggest that B-type esterases in the European Earwig F. auricularia are suitable biomarkers of pesticide exposure.
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tissue distribution characterization and in vitro inhibition of b esterases in the Earwig forficula auricularia
Chemosphere, 2014Co-Authors: Laure Malagnoux, Yvan Capowiez, Magali RaultAbstract:Abstract Earwigs are important natural enemies of numerous pests in pome fruit orchards worldwide. Studying the effects of agricultural practices on these biological control agents is important for understanding its vulnerability in the field. The aim of this study was to characterize the B-esterase activities in the European Earwig Forficula auricularia and to evaluate in vitro its sensitivity to organophosphate and carbamate pesticides. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was mainly measured with 1.5 mM acetylthiocholine as the substrate in the microsomal fraction of Earwig heads (70% of total AChE activity). Carboxylesterase (CbE) activities were measured with three substrates [5 mM 4-nitrophenyl acetate (4-NPA), 1 mM 4-nitrophenyl valerate (4-NPV), and 2 mM α-naphtyl acetate (α-NA)] to examine different isoenzymes, which were present mainly in the cytosolic fraction (about 70–88% of total activities) of all Earwig tissues. CbE activity was higher than AChE activity, especially with α-NA, then 4-NPA and lastly 4-NPV. Chlorpyrifos-oxon an organophosphate, and carbaryl a carbamate pesticide, inhibited AChE and CbE activities in a concentration-dependent manner. Earwig CbE activities showed a stronger sensitivity to organophosphate than AChE, with the strongest effect for chlorpyrifos-oxon on male carboxylesterase activities. CbE and AChE showed about the same sensitivity to carbamate pesticides regardless of sex. These results suggest that B-type esterases in the European Earwig F. auricularia are suitable biomarkers of pesticide exposure.
Carmen Soriano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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New Earwig nymphs (Dermaptera: Pygidicranidae) in mid-Cretaceous amber fromFrance
Cretaceous Research, 2011Co-Authors: Vincent Perrichot, Michael Engel, André Nel, Paul Tafforeau, Carmen SorianoAbstract:A new genus and species of Earwig is described and figured from Early Cretaceous (Latest AlbianEarliest Cenomanian) amber of southwestern France. The holotype was studied using traditional light microscopy as well as through propagation phase contrast X-ray synchrotron microtomography, rendering high resolution three-dimensional models for critical examination. Gallinympha walleri Perrichot & Engel, new genus and species, is represented by two late instar nymphs missing only portions of the abdomen, as well as most of the head for the paratype. The genus is a member of the Pygidicranidae, one of the most basal of living Earwigs, and is distinguished from other taxa in the family. A thorough account of the specimen's morphology is provided along with a detailed comparison with similar structures across a diversity of primitive Earwig lineages.
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New Earwig nymphs (Dermaptera: Pygidicranidae) in mid-Cretaceous amber from France
Cretaceous Research, 2011Co-Authors: Vincent Perrichot, Michael S. Engel, André Nel, Paul Tafforeau, Carmen SorianoAbstract:A new genus and species of Earwig is described and figured from Early Cretaceous (Latest AlbianEarliest Cenomanian) amber of southwestern France. The holotype was studied using traditional light microscopy as well as through propagation phase contrast X-ray synchrotron microtomography, rendering high resolution three-dimensional models for critical examination. Gallinympha walleri Perrichot & Engel, new genus and species, is represented by two late instar nymphs missing only portions of the abdomen, as well as most of the head for the paratype. The genus is a member of the Pygidicranidae, one of the most basal of living Earwigs, and is distinguished from other taxa in the family. A thorough account of the specimen's morphology is provided along with a detailed comparison with similar structures across a diversity of primitive Earwig lineages.
Michael S. Engel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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New Earwigs in mid-Cretaceous amber from Myanmar (Dermaptera, Neodermaptera)
ZooKeys, 2011Co-Authors: Michael S. EngelAbstract:Two new Earwigs (Dermaptera) recently discovered in mid-Cretaceous (latest Albian) amber from Myanmar are described and figured. Astreptolabis ethirosomatia gen. et sp. n. is represented by a peculiar pygidicranoid female, assigned to a new subfamily, Astreptolabidinae subfam. n., and differs from other protodermapterans in the structure of the head, pronotum, tegmina, and cercal forceps. Tytthodiplatys mecynocercus gen. et sp. n. is a distinctive form of first-instar nymph of the Diplatyidae, the earliest record for this basal Earwig family. The taxon can be distinguished from other Early Cretaceous nymphs by the structure of the head, antennae, legs, and most notably its filamentous and annulate cerci. The character affinities of these taxa among Neodermaptera are generally discussed as is the identity of an enigmatic ‘Earwig-like’ species from the Jurassic of China.
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New Earwig nymphs (Dermaptera: Pygidicranidae) in mid-Cretaceous amber from France
Cretaceous Research, 2011Co-Authors: Vincent Perrichot, Michael S. Engel, André Nel, Paul Tafforeau, Carmen SorianoAbstract:A new genus and species of Earwig is described and figured from Early Cretaceous (Latest AlbianEarliest Cenomanian) amber of southwestern France. The holotype was studied using traditional light microscopy as well as through propagation phase contrast X-ray synchrotron microtomography, rendering high resolution three-dimensional models for critical examination. Gallinympha walleri Perrichot & Engel, new genus and species, is represented by two late instar nymphs missing only portions of the abdomen, as well as most of the head for the paratype. The genus is a member of the Pygidicranidae, one of the most basal of living Earwigs, and is distinguished from other taxa in the family. A thorough account of the specimen's morphology is provided along with a detailed comparison with similar structures across a diversity of primitive Earwig lineages.
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Gregarious behaviour in Cretaceous Earwig nymphs (Insecta, Dermaptera) from southwestern France
Geodiversitas, 2009Co-Authors: Michael S. EngelAbstract:The first Earwigs in Early Cretaceous (latest Albian) amber from southwestern France are described and figured. The amber piece in question, ARC-240, contains a complete Earwig nymph as well as three partial nymphs preserved in a single piece of fossiliferous resin from Archingeay (Charente-Maritime, France). The morphology of the nymphs is discussed in relation to their possible taxonomic placement as well as their developmental stage. The preservation of so many nymphs in a single piece is curious and comments about the gregarious nature of modern Earwigs in relation to the fossil are provided.
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Family-group Names for Earwigs (Dermaptera)
American Museum Novitates, 2007Co-Authors: Michael S. Engel, Fabian HaasAbstract:Abstract Family-group names for all taxa of Earwigs (living and extinct) are listed with dates and sources indicated; in total 85 entries are recorded along with a single entry of dubious taxonomic identity (i.e., Ocelliidae, nomen dubium, a name apparently applied to a fossil Earwig nymph of uncertain status and identity). This survey revealed two instances in which currently accepted names must be changed owing to priority by an older name: Platylabiinae and Cosmiellinae must be replaced by Palicinae and Skendylinae, respectively, as the family-group names remain valid despite synonymy of their type genera. The type genus of Verhoeff's Gonolabididae (as Gonolabidae) is Gonolabis, not Gonolabina (which is the type genus of Gonolabininae, Gonolabiinae auctorum) as asserted by various authors. In addition, the generally asserted authorship and dates of numerous names are found to be incorrect and are therefore revised herein. Most notably, the name Carcinophorinae as used by Hincks was a nomen nudum and th...