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Bernard Fried - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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RESEARCH ARTICLE Altered Protein Expression in the Ileum of Mice Associated with the Development of Chronic Infections with Echinostoma Caproni (Trematoda)
2016Co-Authors: Alba Cortés, Bernard Fried, Carla Muñoz-antoli, Guillermo J Esteban, Javier Sotillo, Rafael ToledoAbstract:Background Echinostoma Caproni (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) is an intestinal trematode that has been extensively used as experimental model to investigate the factors determining the expulsion of intestinal helminths or, in contrast, the development of chronic infections. Herein, we analyze the changes in protein expression induced by E. Caproni infection in ICR mice, a host of high compatibility in which the parasites develop chronic infections. Methodology/Principal Findings To determine the changes in protein expression, a two-dimensional DIGE approach using protein extracts from the intestine of naïve and infected mice was employed; and spots showing significant differential expression were analyzed by mass spectrometry. A total of 37 spots were identified differentially expressed in infected mice (10 were found to be over-expressed and 27 down-regulated). These proteins were related to the restoration of the intestinal epithelium and the control of homeostatic dysregulation, concomitantly with mito-chondrial and cytoskeletal proteins among others
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partial resistance to homologous challenge infections of the digenean Echinostoma Caproni in icr mice
Journal of Helminthology, 2016Co-Authors: Carla Munozantoli, Bernard Fried, J G Esteban, Alba Cortés, Carla Martingrau, Rafael ToledoAbstract:In the present paper, we analyse the effect of a primary infection of ICR mice with Echinostoma Caproni (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) on the generation of resistance against homologous challenge infections. In ICR mice, E. Caproni induces chronic infections concomitantly with strong responses characterized by the development of T-helper 1 (Th1)-type local immune responses with elevated levels of local interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and inflammatory and antibody responses. Here, the effect of the response generated against a primary infection with E. Caproni in the generation of resistance against subsequent homologous infections was analysed. For this purpose, ICR mice were challenged with metacercariae of E. Caproni and the results obtained showed that primary infection induces partial resistance against subsequent homologous infections in ICR mice. This resistance was expressed as a reduced rate of infection, worm recovery and worm size, indicating that primary infection induces changes in the host, making a hostile environment for the development of the parasite.
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effects of Echinostoma Caproni miracidia dose on the amino acid contents of biomphalaria glabrata as determined by high performance thin layer chromatography
Acta Parasitologica, 2016Co-Authors: Mai Nguyen, Bernard Fried, Joseph ShermaAbstract:The effects of 5, 20, and 40 miracidia dose exposures of Echinostoma Caproni on the amino acid contents of Biomphalaria glabrata were studied using high performance thin-layer chromatography-densitometry. Amino acids were identified and quantified in whole bodies of exposed snails and in the uninfected matched controls at 2 and 4 weeks post-exposure. Using cellulose layers with the mobile phase 2-butanol-pyridine-glacial acetic acid-deionized water (39:34:10:26) and ninhydrin detection reagent [2% ninhydrin in acetone-n-butanol (1:1)], five amino acids were identified, i.e., leucine/isoleucine, valine, alanine, glycine, and ornithine, by hRF value comparison and color differentiation. Quantitatively, there was a marked elevation in the amounts of four of these five amino acids (isoleucine/leucine, valine, alanine, and ornithine) across dose levels at 4 weeks post-infection (P<0.05). Elevation of the amino acid content in the high dose snail group suggested that some changes occurred in the amino acid metabolism of the snails in that group as a function of miracidia dose.
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altered protein expression in the ileum of mice associated with the development of chronic infections with Echinostoma Caproni trematoda
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2015Co-Authors: Alba Cortés, Bernard Fried, Carla Munozantoli, Guillermo J Esteban, Javier Sotillo, Rafael ToledoAbstract:Background Echinostoma Caproni (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) is an intestinal trematode that has been extensively used as experimental model to investigate the factors determining the expulsion of intestinal helminths or, in contrast, the development of chronic infections. Herein, we analyze the changes in protein expression induced by E. Caproni infection in ICR mice, a host of high compatibility in which the parasites develop chronic infections. Methodology/Principal Findings To determine the changes in protein expression, a two-dimensional DIGE approach using protein extracts from the intestine of naive and infected mice was employed; and spots showing significant differential expression were analyzed by mass spectrometry. A total of 37 spots were identified differentially expressed in infected mice (10 were found to be over-expressed and 27 down-regulated). These proteins were related to the restoration of the intestinal epithelium and the control of homeostatic dysregulation, concomitantly with mitochondrial and cytoskeletal proteins among others. Conclusion/Significance Our results suggests that changes in these processes in the ileal epithelium of ICR mice may facilitate the establishment of the parasite and the development of chronic infections. These results may serve to explain the factors determining the development of chronicity in intestinal helminth infection.
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effects of coexposure with Echinostoma Caproni and schistosoma mansoni miracidia on glucose and maltose levels in biomphalaria glabrata as determined by high performance thin layer chromatography densitometry
Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies, 2015Co-Authors: Sage Hartlaub, Bernard Fried, Dolcie Degrandchamp, Joseph ShermaAbstract:High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)–densitometry was used to determine maltose and glucose in Biomphalaria glabrata snails subjected to either Echinostoma Caproni and Schistosoma mansoni miracidia coexposure or single exposure to each of these trematode parasites. Each culture contained 800 mL of artificial spring water; snails were maintained at 25 ± 1°C and fed boiled romaine lettuce ad libitum. A sample of each population was necropsied at 2, 4, and 6 weeks post-exposure to E. Caproni. The whole body of each snail was extracted with 70% ethanol for sugar analysis. Sugars were separated on 10 × 20 cm EMD Millipore Corp. HPTLC silica gel plates with a preabsorbent zone, the mobile phase was 1-butanol–glacial acetic acid–diethyl ether–deionized water (27:18:5:3), and the detection reagent was naphthol–sulfuric acid. Quantitative densitometric analysis was performed using a CAMAG TLC Scanner 3 in the absorbance–reflectance mode at 515 nm. Significant differences in maltose concentrations wer...
Rafael Toledo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Adaptation of the secretome of Echinostoma Caproni may contribute to parasite survival in a Th1 milieu
Parasitology Research, 2018Co-Authors: Alba Cortés, Carla Muñoz-antoli, J. Guillermo Esteban, María Álvarez-izquierdo, Javier Sotillo, Rafael ToledoAbstract:Echinostoma Caproni (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) is an intestinal trematode, broadly employed to study the host-dependent mechanisms that govern the evolution of intestinal helminth infections. Resistance against E. Caproni homologous secondary infections has been reported in mice and appears to be related to the generation of a local Th2 response, whereas Th1 responses promote the development of chronic primary infections. Herein, the ability of E. Caproni to modulate its secretome according to the host environment is investigated. A two-dimensional differential in gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) analysis was performed to elucidate changes in the excretory/secretory products of E. Caproni adults after primary and secondary infections in mice. A total of 16 protein spots showed significant differences between groups, and 7 of them were successfully identified by mass spectrometry. Adult worms exposed to a primary infection appear to upregulate proteins involved in detoxification (aldo-keto reductase), stress response (GroEL), and enhancement of parasite survival (acetyl-CoA A-acetyltransferase and UTP-glucose-1-phosphate urydyltransferase). In contrast, any protein was found to be significantly upregulated after secondary infection. Upregulation of such proteins may serve to withstand the hostile Th1 environment generated in primary infections in mice. These results provide new insights into the resistance mechanisms developed by the parasites to ensure their long-term survival.
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Antibody trapping: A novel mechanism of parasite immune evasion by the trematode Echinostoma Caproni.
Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2017Co-Authors: Alba Cortés, Carla Muñoz-antoli, Guillermo J Esteban, Javier Sotillo, Javier Molina-durán, Rafael ToledoAbstract:Helminth infections are among the most prevalent neglected tropical diseases, causing an enormous impact in global health and the socioeconomic growth of developing countries. In this context, the study of helminth biology, with emphasis on host-parasite interactions, appears as a promising approach for developing new tools to prevent and control these infections.The role that antibody responses have on helminth infections is still not well understood. To go in depth into this issue, work on the intestinal helminth Echinostoma Caproni (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) has been undertaken. Adult parasites were recovered from infected mice and cultured in vitro. Double indirect immunofluorescence at increasing culture times was done to show that in vivo-bound surface antibodies become trapped within a layer of excretory/secretory products that covers the parasite. Entrapped antibodies are then degraded by parasite-derived proteases, since protease inhibitors prevent for antibody loss in culture. Electron microscopy and immunogold-labelling of secreted proteins provide evidence that this mechanism is consistent with tegument dynamics and ultrastructure, hence it is feasible to occur in vivo. Secretory vesicles discharge their content to the outside and released products are deposited over the parasite surface enabling antibody trapping.At the site of infection, both parasite secretion and antibody binding occur simultaneously and constantly. The continuous entrapment of bound antibodies with newly secreted products may serve to minimize the deleterious effects of the antibody-mediated attack. This mechanism of immune evasion may aid to understand the limited effect that antibody responses have in helminth infections, and may contribute to the basis for vaccine development against these highly prevalent diseases
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subcutaneous injection of exosomes reduces symptom severity and mortality induced by Echinostoma Caproni infection in balb c mice
International Journal for Parasitology, 2016Co-Authors: María Trelis, Rafael Toledo, Antonio Marcilla, Alicia Galiano, Anabel Bolado, Dolores BernalAbstract:Recent studies have shown the importance of exosomes in the host-parasite relationship. These vesicles are an important part of the excretory/secretory pathway for proteins with the potential to alter immune responses. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the immunomodulatory role of exosomes in BALB/c mice using Echinostoma Caproni as an experimental model of intestinal helminth infection. For this purpose, BALB/c mice were injected twice s.c. with purified exosomes of E. Caproni, followed by experimental infection. We report a delay in the development of the parasite in mice immunised with exosomes, a concomitant reduced symptom severity and increased survival upon infection. Immunisations with exosomes evoked systemic antibody responses with high levels of IgM and IgG. IgG1, IgG2b and IgG3 are the subtypes responsible for the IgG increase. These antibodies showed specific recognition of exosomal proteins, indicating that these vesicles carry specific antigens that are involved in the humoral response. The administration of exosomes induced an increase of IFN-γ, IL-4 and TGF-β levels in the spleen of mice prior to infection. The subsequent infection with E. Caproni resulted in a further increase of IL-4 and TGF-β, together with an abrupt overproduction of IL-10, suggesting the development of a Th2/Treg immune response. Our results show that the administration of exosomes primes the immune response in the host, which in turn can contribute to tolerance of the invader, reducing the severity of clinical signs in E. Caproni infection.
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RESEARCH ARTICLE Altered Protein Expression in the Ileum of Mice Associated with the Development of Chronic Infections with Echinostoma Caproni (Trematoda)
2016Co-Authors: Alba Cortés, Bernard Fried, Carla Muñoz-antoli, Guillermo J Esteban, Javier Sotillo, Rafael ToledoAbstract:Background Echinostoma Caproni (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) is an intestinal trematode that has been extensively used as experimental model to investigate the factors determining the expulsion of intestinal helminths or, in contrast, the development of chronic infections. Herein, we analyze the changes in protein expression induced by E. Caproni infection in ICR mice, a host of high compatibility in which the parasites develop chronic infections. Methodology/Principal Findings To determine the changes in protein expression, a two-dimensional DIGE approach using protein extracts from the intestine of naïve and infected mice was employed; and spots showing significant differential expression were analyzed by mass spectrometry. A total of 37 spots were identified differentially expressed in infected mice (10 were found to be over-expressed and 27 down-regulated). These proteins were related to the restoration of the intestinal epithelium and the control of homeostatic dysregulation, concomitantly with mito-chondrial and cytoskeletal proteins among others
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partial resistance to homologous challenge infections of the digenean Echinostoma Caproni in icr mice
Journal of Helminthology, 2016Co-Authors: Carla Munozantoli, Bernard Fried, J G Esteban, Alba Cortés, Carla Martingrau, Rafael ToledoAbstract:In the present paper, we analyse the effect of a primary infection of ICR mice with Echinostoma Caproni (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) on the generation of resistance against homologous challenge infections. In ICR mice, E. Caproni induces chronic infections concomitantly with strong responses characterized by the development of T-helper 1 (Th1)-type local immune responses with elevated levels of local interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and inflammatory and antibody responses. Here, the effect of the response generated against a primary infection with E. Caproni in the generation of resistance against subsequent homologous infections was analysed. For this purpose, ICR mice were challenged with metacercariae of E. Caproni and the results obtained showed that primary infection induces partial resistance against subsequent homologous infections in ICR mice. This resistance was expressed as a reduced rate of infection, worm recovery and worm size, indicating that primary infection induces changes in the host, making a hostile environment for the development of the parasite.
Javier Sotillo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Adaptation of the secretome of Echinostoma Caproni may contribute to parasite survival in a Th1 milieu
Parasitology Research, 2018Co-Authors: Alba Cortés, Carla Muñoz-antoli, J. Guillermo Esteban, María Álvarez-izquierdo, Javier Sotillo, Rafael ToledoAbstract:Echinostoma Caproni (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) is an intestinal trematode, broadly employed to study the host-dependent mechanisms that govern the evolution of intestinal helminth infections. Resistance against E. Caproni homologous secondary infections has been reported in mice and appears to be related to the generation of a local Th2 response, whereas Th1 responses promote the development of chronic primary infections. Herein, the ability of E. Caproni to modulate its secretome according to the host environment is investigated. A two-dimensional differential in gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) analysis was performed to elucidate changes in the excretory/secretory products of E. Caproni adults after primary and secondary infections in mice. A total of 16 protein spots showed significant differences between groups, and 7 of them were successfully identified by mass spectrometry. Adult worms exposed to a primary infection appear to upregulate proteins involved in detoxification (aldo-keto reductase), stress response (GroEL), and enhancement of parasite survival (acetyl-CoA A-acetyltransferase and UTP-glucose-1-phosphate urydyltransferase). In contrast, any protein was found to be significantly upregulated after secondary infection. Upregulation of such proteins may serve to withstand the hostile Th1 environment generated in primary infections in mice. These results provide new insights into the resistance mechanisms developed by the parasites to ensure their long-term survival.
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Antibody trapping: A novel mechanism of parasite immune evasion by the trematode Echinostoma Caproni.
Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2017Co-Authors: Alba Cortés, Carla Muñoz-antoli, Guillermo J Esteban, Javier Sotillo, Javier Molina-durán, Rafael ToledoAbstract:Helminth infections are among the most prevalent neglected tropical diseases, causing an enormous impact in global health and the socioeconomic growth of developing countries. In this context, the study of helminth biology, with emphasis on host-parasite interactions, appears as a promising approach for developing new tools to prevent and control these infections.The role that antibody responses have on helminth infections is still not well understood. To go in depth into this issue, work on the intestinal helminth Echinostoma Caproni (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) has been undertaken. Adult parasites were recovered from infected mice and cultured in vitro. Double indirect immunofluorescence at increasing culture times was done to show that in vivo-bound surface antibodies become trapped within a layer of excretory/secretory products that covers the parasite. Entrapped antibodies are then degraded by parasite-derived proteases, since protease inhibitors prevent for antibody loss in culture. Electron microscopy and immunogold-labelling of secreted proteins provide evidence that this mechanism is consistent with tegument dynamics and ultrastructure, hence it is feasible to occur in vivo. Secretory vesicles discharge their content to the outside and released products are deposited over the parasite surface enabling antibody trapping.At the site of infection, both parasite secretion and antibody binding occur simultaneously and constantly. The continuous entrapment of bound antibodies with newly secreted products may serve to minimize the deleterious effects of the antibody-mediated attack. This mechanism of immune evasion may aid to understand the limited effect that antibody responses have in helminth infections, and may contribute to the basis for vaccine development against these highly prevalent diseases
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RESEARCH ARTICLE Altered Protein Expression in the Ileum of Mice Associated with the Development of Chronic Infections with Echinostoma Caproni (Trematoda)
2016Co-Authors: Alba Cortés, Bernard Fried, Carla Muñoz-antoli, Guillermo J Esteban, Javier Sotillo, Rafael ToledoAbstract:Background Echinostoma Caproni (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) is an intestinal trematode that has been extensively used as experimental model to investigate the factors determining the expulsion of intestinal helminths or, in contrast, the development of chronic infections. Herein, we analyze the changes in protein expression induced by E. Caproni infection in ICR mice, a host of high compatibility in which the parasites develop chronic infections. Methodology/Principal Findings To determine the changes in protein expression, a two-dimensional DIGE approach using protein extracts from the intestine of naïve and infected mice was employed; and spots showing significant differential expression were analyzed by mass spectrometry. A total of 37 spots were identified differentially expressed in infected mice (10 were found to be over-expressed and 27 down-regulated). These proteins were related to the restoration of the intestinal epithelium and the control of homeostatic dysregulation, concomitantly with mito-chondrial and cytoskeletal proteins among others
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definitive host influences the proteomic profile of excretory secretory products of the trematode Echinostoma Caproni
Parasites & Vectors, 2016Co-Authors: Alba Cortés, Carla Munozantoli, Guillermo J Esteban, Javier Sotillo, María Trelis, Rafael ToledoAbstract:Echinostoma Caproni is an intestinal trematode extensively used as experimental model for the study of factors that determine the course of intestinal helminth infections, since this markedly depends on the host species. Although the host-dependent mechanisms for either chronic establishment or early parasite rejection have been broadly studied, little is known regarding the parasite response against different host environments. To identify host-dependent differentially expressed proteins, a comparative proteomic analysis of the excretory/secretory products released from E. Caproni adults, isolated from hosts displaying different compatibility with this trematode, was performed. A total of 19 differential protein spots were identified (14 overexpressed in mice and 5 overexpressed in rats). The establishment of chronic infections in mice is mainly associated with the overexpression by adult worms of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes (e.g. glutathione S-transferase, hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase, thiopurine S-transferase, etc.) and metabolic enzymes like enolase, leucine aminopeptidase or malate dehydrogenase. However, the overexpression of cathepsin L and the structural protein actin observed in worms isolated from rats seems not to be effective for the colonization of the intestinal mucosa of this host. The observed differences suggest that protein expression and/or release is modulated by the local environment generated inside the host and provide useful insights in regards to the resistance mechanisms developed by parasites to ensure their long-term survival.
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Additional file 3: of Definitive host influences the proteomic profile of excretory/secretory products of the trematode Echinostoma Caproni
2016Co-Authors: Alba Cortés, Carla Muñoz-antoli, Javier Sotillo, María Trelis, J. Esteban, Rafael ToledoAbstract:Identification details of differentially expressed proteins. Description of data: Details of the identification of differentially expressed proteins using X!Tandem and MS-GF+ search engines on the Echinostoma Caproni genome and transcriptome databases and BLASTp analysis against NCBInr protein database. Spot numbers refer to gel image in Fig. 2. (DOCX 19 kb
Antonio Marcilla - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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subcutaneous injection of exosomes reduces symptom severity and mortality induced by Echinostoma Caproni infection in balb c mice
International Journal for Parasitology, 2016Co-Authors: María Trelis, Rafael Toledo, Antonio Marcilla, Alicia Galiano, Anabel Bolado, Dolores BernalAbstract:Recent studies have shown the importance of exosomes in the host-parasite relationship. These vesicles are an important part of the excretory/secretory pathway for proteins with the potential to alter immune responses. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the immunomodulatory role of exosomes in BALB/c mice using Echinostoma Caproni as an experimental model of intestinal helminth infection. For this purpose, BALB/c mice were injected twice s.c. with purified exosomes of E. Caproni, followed by experimental infection. We report a delay in the development of the parasite in mice immunised with exosomes, a concomitant reduced symptom severity and increased survival upon infection. Immunisations with exosomes evoked systemic antibody responses with high levels of IgM and IgG. IgG1, IgG2b and IgG3 are the subtypes responsible for the IgG increase. These antibodies showed specific recognition of exosomal proteins, indicating that these vesicles carry specific antigens that are involved in the humoral response. The administration of exosomes induced an increase of IFN-γ, IL-4 and TGF-β levels in the spleen of mice prior to infection. The subsequent infection with E. Caproni resulted in a further increase of IL-4 and TGF-β, together with an abrupt overproduction of IL-10, suggesting the development of a Th2/Treg immune response. Our results show that the administration of exosomes primes the immune response in the host, which in turn can contribute to tolerance of the invader, reducing the severity of clinical signs in E. Caproni infection.
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protective immunity against Echinostoma Caproni in rats is induced by syphacia muris infection
International Journal for Parasitology, 2013Co-Authors: María Trelis, Bernard Fried, Antonio Marcilla, Guillermo J Esteban, Alba Cortés, Rafael ToledoAbstract:Syphacia muris (Nematoda: Oxyuridae) is a ubiquitous nematode that commonly infects rats in the laboratory and can interfere with the development of unrelated biological assays. In this context, we analysed the effect of a patent S. muris infection in Wistar rats on a superimposed infection with the intestinal trematode, Echinostoma Caproni (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae). The results indicate that in the rats, infection with S. muris induces an immunity against a subsequent infection with E. Caproni, although each parasite occupies different niches in the host. Echinostoma Caproni worm recovery was significantly decreased in the rats primarily infected with S. muris and, at 3 and 4 weeks post-primary infection, the rats primarily infected with S. muris were refractory to the challenge infection with E. Caproni. We observed that the main alterations induced by S. muris in the niche of E. Caproni (ileum) that may be the cause of the resistance are: (i) a local antibody response with elevated levels of mucosal IgA, IgE, IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a that cross-react with E. Caproni antigens; (ii) development of a biased Th17/Th2 phenotype; and (iii) changes in the glycosylation of ileal mucins. This indicates that S. muris induces distant alterations to the ileum of rats affecting the development of other helminth species. Apart from the interest of these results in the study of the interactions between helminths in a single host, it has been demonstrated that pinworm infections may interfere in non-related experiments.
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Cellular immune responses in Echinostoma Caproni experimentally infected mice
Parasitology Research, 2012Co-Authors: Javier Sotillo, Bernard Fried, Antonio Marcilla, J. Guillermo Esteban, María Trelis, Rafael ToledoAbstract:The Echinostoma Caproni –mice system is extensively used as an experimental model for the study of the factors involved in the establishment of chronic intestinal helminth infections. Although several parameters of the immunobiology of the host–parasite system have been studied in detail, the current knowledge of the cellular responses in these infections is still scarce. In the present paper, we analyze the kinetics of the circulating CD3^+ and CD19^+ cell populations and the different T-cell phenotype profiles in mice experimentally infected with E. Caproni . Whereas the CD3^+ populations remained stable during the complete experiment, a marked increase in CD19^+ cells was observed from 4 weeks post-infection and beyond. Similarly, a marked increase in CD8^+ cell populations was observed in the 2 week post-infection. Our results show that E. Caproni infection in mice alters the peripheral lymphoid cell populations, which may be important to determine the course of the infection. In this sense, CD8^+ cells can be essential in relation to their role as a source of IFN-γ.
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th17 responses in Echinostoma Caproni infections in hosts of high and low compatibility
Experimental Parasitology, 2011Co-Authors: Javier Sotillo, Bernard Fried, Antonio Marcilla, J G Esteban, Alba Cortés, María Trelis, Rafael ToledoAbstract:In order to investigate the factors determining the expulsion of intestinal helminths, we have analyzed the in vivo expression of IL-17, TGF-β and IL-23 in several tissues of two host species displaying different compatibility with Echinostoma Caproni (Trematoda). We did not observe upregulation of these cytokines in any of the tissues of the high compatible host (mice). In contrast, the responses in the host of low compatibility (rats) with the parasite were markedly different. Significant increases in the expression of IL-17 and TGF-β were observed in the Peyer's patches and the intestine from the 2 to 8 weeks post-infection. The expression of IL-23 was upregulated from 2 to 4 weeks post-infection in the spleen, Peyer's patches and the intestine. Considering together our results with those published previously the development of chronic infections appears to be related with the development of local Th1 responses, whereas the early rejection of the worms is mediated by the development a biased Th17/Th2 phenotype. The Th17 response generated in rats may facilitate the worm expulsion via the suppression of the inflammatory Th1 responses and the increase in intestinal contractility.
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screening trematodes for novel intervention targets a proteomic and immunological comparison of schistosoma haematobium schistosoma bovis and Echinostoma Caproni
Parasitology, 2011Co-Authors: Melissa Higon, Rafael Toledo, Antonio Marcilla, Graeme J M Cowan, Norman Nausch, David R Cavanagh, Ana Oleaga, Russell J Stothard, Oreto Antunez, Richard BurchmoreAbstract:With the current paucity of vaccine targets for parasitic diseases, particularly those in childhood, the aim of this study was to compare protein expression and immune cross-reactivity between the trematodes Schistosoma haematobium, S. bovis and Echinostoma Caproni in the hope of identifying novel intervention targets. Native adult parasite proteins were separated by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and identified through electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry to produce a reference gel. Proteins from differential gel electrophoresis analyses of the three parasite proteomes were compared and screened against sera from hamsters infected with S. haematobium and E. Caproni following 2-dimensional Western blotting. Differential protein expression between the three species was observed with circa 5% of proteins from S. haematobium showing expression up-regulation compared to the other two species. There was 91% similarity between the proteomes of the two Schistosoma species and 81% and 78·6% similarity between S. haematobium and S. bovis versus E. Caproni, respectively. Although there were some common cross-species antigens, species-species targets were revealed which, despite evolutionary homology, could be due to phenotypic plasticity arising from different host-parasite relationships. Nevertheless, this approach helps to identify novel intervention targets which could be used as broad-spectrum candidates for future use in human and veterinary vaccines.
Joseph Sherma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of Echinostoma Caproni miracidia dose on the amino acid contents of biomphalaria glabrata as determined by high performance thin layer chromatography
Acta Parasitologica, 2016Co-Authors: Mai Nguyen, Bernard Fried, Joseph ShermaAbstract:The effects of 5, 20, and 40 miracidia dose exposures of Echinostoma Caproni on the amino acid contents of Biomphalaria glabrata were studied using high performance thin-layer chromatography-densitometry. Amino acids were identified and quantified in whole bodies of exposed snails and in the uninfected matched controls at 2 and 4 weeks post-exposure. Using cellulose layers with the mobile phase 2-butanol-pyridine-glacial acetic acid-deionized water (39:34:10:26) and ninhydrin detection reagent [2% ninhydrin in acetone-n-butanol (1:1)], five amino acids were identified, i.e., leucine/isoleucine, valine, alanine, glycine, and ornithine, by hRF value comparison and color differentiation. Quantitatively, there was a marked elevation in the amounts of four of these five amino acids (isoleucine/leucine, valine, alanine, and ornithine) across dose levels at 4 weeks post-infection (P<0.05). Elevation of the amino acid content in the high dose snail group suggested that some changes occurred in the amino acid metabolism of the snails in that group as a function of miracidia dose.
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effects of coexposure with Echinostoma Caproni and schistosoma mansoni miracidia on glucose and maltose levels in biomphalaria glabrata as determined by high performance thin layer chromatography densitometry
Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies, 2015Co-Authors: Sage Hartlaub, Bernard Fried, Dolcie Degrandchamp, Joseph ShermaAbstract:High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)–densitometry was used to determine maltose and glucose in Biomphalaria glabrata snails subjected to either Echinostoma Caproni and Schistosoma mansoni miracidia coexposure or single exposure to each of these trematode parasites. Each culture contained 800 mL of artificial spring water; snails were maintained at 25 ± 1°C and fed boiled romaine lettuce ad libitum. A sample of each population was necropsied at 2, 4, and 6 weeks post-exposure to E. Caproni. The whole body of each snail was extracted with 70% ethanol for sugar analysis. Sugars were separated on 10 × 20 cm EMD Millipore Corp. HPTLC silica gel plates with a preabsorbent zone, the mobile phase was 1-butanol–glacial acetic acid–diethyl ether–deionized water (27:18:5:3), and the detection reagent was naphthol–sulfuric acid. Quantitative densitometric analysis was performed using a CAMAG TLC Scanner 3 in the absorbance–reflectance mode at 515 nm. Significant differences in maltose concentrations wer...
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Effects of Different Levels of Echinostoma Caproni Miracidial Dose on Glucose and Maltose Composition of Biomphalaria glabrata Snails as Determined by High Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography-Densitometry
MDPI AG, 2015Co-Authors: Dolcie Degrandchamp, Bernard Fried, Sage Hartlaub, Joseph ShermaAbstract:The effects of 5, 25, and 40 Echinostoma Caproni miracidia on the sugar content of young adult and mature adult Biomphalaria glabrata were studied using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC)-densitometry. Analysis was done on the snail’s digestive gland gonad complex (DGG) at two and four weeks postmiracidial exposure. The sugars were extracted from the DGG using 70% ethanol and analyzed on silica gel HPTLC plates with a preadsorbent zone using 1-butanol-glacial acetic acid-diethyl ether-deionized water (27:18:5:3) mobile phase. The separated bands were then detected using alpha-naphthol-sulfuric reagent and quantified by densitometry at 515 nm. Significant differences were found in the maltose content between two and four weeks post exposure for both age groups. Additionally, significantly lower maltose and glucose levels were observed in the high exposure groups of both ages
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effects of coexposure with Echinostoma Caproni and schistosoma mansoni miracidia on neutral and polar lipids of biomphalaria glabrata as determined by high performance thin layer chromatography densitometry and observations on snail survival and fecu
Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies, 2013Co-Authors: Daniel Beideman, Bernard Fried, Joseph ShermaAbstract:High performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)-densitometry was used to characterize and quantify neutral and polar lipids in Biomphalaria glabrata snails subjected to either Echinostoma Caproni and Schistosoma mansoni miracidia coexposure, or single exposure to each of these trematode parasites. Observations on survival and fecundity were made on an unexposed population (2 cultures of 25 snails each); a population exposed exclusively to S. mansoni(2 cultures of 25 snails, each exposed to 6 miracidia per snail); a population exposed exclusively to E. Caproni (2 cultures of 25 snails, each exposed to 10 miracidia per snail); and a population exposed to S. mansoni and one week later exposed to E. Caproni (2 cultures of 25, each exposed to 10 E. Caproni miracidia and 6 S. mansonimiracidia per snail). Each culture contained 800 mL of artificial spring water; snails were maintained at 25 ± 1°C and fed boiled romaine lettuce ad libitum. A sample of each population was necropsied at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks post...
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Metabolic profiling of Echinostoma Caproni and Schistosoma mansoni in their definitive and intermediate hosts
Acta Parasitologica, 2013Co-Authors: Ciara O’sullivan, Bernard Fried, Joseph ShermaAbstract:This review examines metabolic profiling of Schistosoma mansoni and Echinostoma Caproni in their definitive and intermediate hosts. The earlier coverage of the literature on metabolic profiling was reviewed by Wang et al. 2010, Advances in Parasitology , 73, 373–404 and covered mainly studies using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The methods focused upon in our review are mainly chromatographic. In the studies reviewed, various metabolites were analyzed in hosts infected with either E. Caproni or S. mansoni and compared to the uninfected controls.
