The Experts below are selected from a list of 2280 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jerry Chamberland - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Latah in Jakarta, Indonesia
Movement Disorders, 2001Co-Authors: Caroline M Tanner, Jerry ChamberlandAbstract:OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics of latah in modern Indonesia; to determine whether contemporary latah resembles the syndrome described in the nineteenth century; to compare the syndrome of latah to other disorders featuring tics or exaggerated startle responses. BACKGROUND: Latah, described centuries ago in Malay people, is characterized by an exaggerated motor startle response, often with associated involuntary vocalizations, Echolalia, echopraxia, and forced obedience. Modern latah has not been systematically studied. DESIGN AND METHODS: Persons with latah living in Jakarta, Indonesia, were investigated using a standardized, videotaped protocol. RESULTS: Fifteen women were studied. All had exaggerated startle to touch, and 10 to frightening words. Echolalia was seen in 10, echopraxia in 11, and forced obedience in 13. The startle response did not habituate, but instead worsened in response to repeated stimuli. Startle and associated symptoms were only partially suppressible in fewer than half. CONCLUSION: Modern latah resembles that described over a century ago. Latah resembles other disorders with exaggerated startle response, but is clinically distinct from Tourette's Syndrome. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
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latah in jakarta indonesia
Movement Disorders, 2001Co-Authors: Caroline M Tanner, Jerry ChamberlandAbstract:OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics of latah in modern Indonesia; to determine whether contemporary latah resembles the syndrome described in the nineteenth century; to compare the syndrome of latah to other disorders featuring tics or exaggerated startle responses. BACKGROUND: Latah, described centuries ago in Malay people, is characterized by an exaggerated motor startle response, often with associated involuntary vocalizations, Echolalia, echopraxia, and forced obedience. Modern latah has not been systematically studied. DESIGN AND METHODS: Persons with latah living in Jakarta, Indonesia, were investigated using a standardized, videotaped protocol. RESULTS: Fifteen women were studied. All had exaggerated startle to touch, and 10 to frightening words. Echolalia was seen in 10, echopraxia in 11, and forced obedience in 13. The startle response did not habituate, but instead worsened in response to repeated stimuli. Startle and associated symptoms were only partially suppressible in fewer than half. CONCLUSION: Modern latah resembles that described over a century ago. Latah resembles other disorders with exaggerated startle response, but is clinically distinct from Tourette's Syndrome.
Marina A J Tijssen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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latah an indonesian startle syndrome
Movement Disorders, 2013Co-Authors: Mirte J Bakker, Astuti Pramono, Sri Sutarni, Gert J Van Dijk, Marina A J TijssenAbstract:The nature of culture-specific startles syndromes such as Latah in Indonesia and Malaysia is ill understood. Hypotheses concerning their origin include sociocultural behavior, psychiatric disorders, and neurological syndromes. The various disorders show striking similarities despite occurring in diverse cultural settings and genetically distant populations. They are characterized clinically by exaggerated startle responses and involuntary vocalizations, Echolalia, and echopraxia. Quantifying startle reflexes may help define Latah within the 3 groups of startle syndromes: (1) hyperekplexia, (2) startle-induced disorders, and (3) neuropsychiatric startle syndromes. Twelve female Latah patients (mean age, 44.6 years; SD, 7.7 years) and 12 age-, sex- and socioeconomically matched controls (mean age, 42.3 year; SD, 8.0) were studied using structured history taking and neurological examination including provocation of vocalizations, Echolalia, and echopraxia. We quantified auditory startle reflexes with electromyographic activity of 6 left-sided muscles following 104-dB tones. We defined 2 phases for the startle response: a short latency motor startle reflex initiated in the lower brain stem
Sook Keun Song - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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palilalia Echolalia and echopraxia palipraxia as ictal manifestations in a patient with left frontal lobe epilepsy
Epilepsia, 2009Co-Authors: Sook Keun SongAbstract:Summary Palilalia is a relatively rare pathologic speech behavior and has been reported in various neurologic and psychiatric disorders. We encountered a case of palilalia, Echolalia, and echopraxia–palipraxia as ictal phenomena of left frontal lobe epilepsy. A 55-year-old, right-handed man was admitted because of frequent episodes of rapid reiteration of syllables. Video-electroencephalography monitoring revealed stereotypical episodes of palilalia accompanied by rhythmic head nodding and right-arm posturing with ictal discharges over the left frontocentral area. He also displayed Echolalia or echopraxia–palipraxia, partially responding to an examiner’s stimulus. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed encephalomalacia on the left superior frontal gyrus and ictal single photon emission computed tomography showed hyperperfusion just above the lesion, corresponding to the left supplementary motor area (SMA), and subcortical nuclei. This result suggests that the neuroanatomic substrate involved in the generation of these behaviors as ictal phenomena might exist in the SMA of the left frontal lobe.
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Palilalia, Echolalia, and echopraxia–palipraxia as ictal manifestations in a patient with left frontal lobe epilepsy
Epilepsia, 2009Co-Authors: Sook Keun SongAbstract:Summary Palilalia is a relatively rare pathologic speech behavior and has been reported in various neurologic and psychiatric disorders. We encountered a case of palilalia, Echolalia, and echopraxia–palipraxia as ictal phenomena of left frontal lobe epilepsy. A 55-year-old, right-handed man was admitted because of frequent episodes of rapid reiteration of syllables. Video-electroencephalography monitoring revealed stereotypical episodes of palilalia accompanied by rhythmic head nodding and right-arm posturing with ictal discharges over the left frontocentral area. He also displayed Echolalia or echopraxia–palipraxia, partially responding to an examiner’s stimulus. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed encephalomalacia on the left superior frontal gyrus and ictal single photon emission computed tomography showed hyperperfusion just above the lesion, corresponding to the left supplementary motor area (SMA), and subcortical nuclei. This result suggests that the neuroanatomic substrate involved in the generation of these behaviors as ictal phenomena might exist in the SMA of the left frontal lobe.
Jagadisha Thirthalli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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elevated mirror neuron system activity in bipolar mania evidence from a transcranial magnetic stimulation study
Bipolar Disorders, 2019Co-Authors: Rakshathi Basavaraju, Urvakhsh Meherwan Mehta, Alvaro Pascualleone, Jagadisha ThirthalliAbstract:OBJECTIVES: The role of the "mirror neuron system" (MNS) in the pathophysiology of mood disorders is not well studied. Given its posited role in the often-impaired socio-emotional processes like intention detection, empathy, and imitation, we compared putative MNS-activity in patients with bipolar mania and healthy comparison subjects. We also examined the association between putative MNS-activity and hyper-imitative behaviors in patients. METHODS: We studied 39 medication-free individuals diagnosed with mania and 45 healthy comparison subjects. TMS-evoked motor cortical reactivity was measured via single- and paired-pulse stimuli (assessing SICI-short and LICI-long interval intracortical inhibition) while subjects viewed a static image and goal-directed actions. Manic symptom severity and imitative behaviors were quantified using the Young's Mania Rating Scale and a modification of the Echolalia Questionnaire. RESULTS: Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance demonstrated a significant group ×time interaction effect indicating greater facilitation of cortical reactivity during action-observation (putative MNS-activity) in the patient group as compared to the healthy group. While LICI-mediated MNS-activity had a significant association with manic symptom severity (r = 0.35, P = 0.038), SICI-mediated MNS-activity was significantly associated with incidental Echolalia scores in a subgroup of 17 patients with incidental Echolalia (r = 0.75, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that putative MNS-activity is heightened in mania, possibly because of disinhibition, and associated with behavioral consequences (incidental Echolalia).
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Elevated mirror neuron system activity in bipolar mania: Evidence from a transcranial magnetic stimulation study.
Bipolar disorders, 2018Co-Authors: Rakshathi Basavaraju, Urvakhsh Meherwan Mehta, Alvaro Pascual-leone, Jagadisha ThirthalliAbstract:OBJECTIVES The role of the "mirror neuron system" (MNS) in the pathophysiology of mood disorders is not well studied. Given its posited role in the often-impaired socio-emotional processes like intention detection, empathy, and imitation, we compared putative MNS-activity in patients with bipolar mania and healthy comparison subjects. We also examined the association between putative MNS-activity and hyper-imitative behaviors in patients. METHODS We studied 39 medication-free individuals diagnosed with mania and 45 healthy comparison subjects. TMS-evoked motor cortical reactivity was measured via single- and paired-pulse stimuli (assessing SICI-short and LICI-long interval intracortical inhibition) while subjects viewed a static image and goal-directed actions. Manic symptom severity and imitative behaviors were quantified using the Young's Mania Rating Scale and a modification of the Echolalia Questionnaire. RESULTS Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance demonstrated a significant group ×time interaction effect indicating greater facilitation of cortical reactivity during action-observation (putative MNS-activity) in the patient group as compared to the healthy group. While LICI-mediated MNS-activity had a significant association with manic symptom severity (r = 0.35, P = 0.038), SICI-mediated MNS-activity was significantly associated with incidental Echolalia scores in a subgroup of 17 patients with incidental Echolalia (r = 0.75, P
Caroline M Tanner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Latah in Jakarta, Indonesia
Movement Disorders, 2001Co-Authors: Caroline M Tanner, Jerry ChamberlandAbstract:OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics of latah in modern Indonesia; to determine whether contemporary latah resembles the syndrome described in the nineteenth century; to compare the syndrome of latah to other disorders featuring tics or exaggerated startle responses. BACKGROUND: Latah, described centuries ago in Malay people, is characterized by an exaggerated motor startle response, often with associated involuntary vocalizations, Echolalia, echopraxia, and forced obedience. Modern latah has not been systematically studied. DESIGN AND METHODS: Persons with latah living in Jakarta, Indonesia, were investigated using a standardized, videotaped protocol. RESULTS: Fifteen women were studied. All had exaggerated startle to touch, and 10 to frightening words. Echolalia was seen in 10, echopraxia in 11, and forced obedience in 13. The startle response did not habituate, but instead worsened in response to repeated stimuli. Startle and associated symptoms were only partially suppressible in fewer than half. CONCLUSION: Modern latah resembles that described over a century ago. Latah resembles other disorders with exaggerated startle response, but is clinically distinct from Tourette's Syndrome. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
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latah in jakarta indonesia
Movement Disorders, 2001Co-Authors: Caroline M Tanner, Jerry ChamberlandAbstract:OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics of latah in modern Indonesia; to determine whether contemporary latah resembles the syndrome described in the nineteenth century; to compare the syndrome of latah to other disorders featuring tics or exaggerated startle responses. BACKGROUND: Latah, described centuries ago in Malay people, is characterized by an exaggerated motor startle response, often with associated involuntary vocalizations, Echolalia, echopraxia, and forced obedience. Modern latah has not been systematically studied. DESIGN AND METHODS: Persons with latah living in Jakarta, Indonesia, were investigated using a standardized, videotaped protocol. RESULTS: Fifteen women were studied. All had exaggerated startle to touch, and 10 to frightening words. Echolalia was seen in 10, echopraxia in 11, and forced obedience in 13. The startle response did not habituate, but instead worsened in response to repeated stimuli. Startle and associated symptoms were only partially suppressible in fewer than half. CONCLUSION: Modern latah resembles that described over a century ago. Latah resembles other disorders with exaggerated startle response, but is clinically distinct from Tourette's Syndrome.
