The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Daniel Stokols - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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psychology and the internet a social Ecological Analysis
Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking, 2003Co-Authors: Maria Montero, Daniel StokolsAbstract:This paper proposes a research strategy based on a social Ecological Analysis of the Internet and its psychological impact as an option to generate original research to answer the following question: What is the psycho-environmental meaning of the Internet? This paper has two objectives: first, to analyze Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) linked to the use of the Internet from a social Ecological approach, and second, to propose some relationships among variables from a social Ecological perspective, which can help to clarify the variability and magnitude of the psychosocial effect associated with the Internet. This article is divided into three sections. The first briefly describes the origins and development of the Internet. It identifies some technological features and specifies some of the cutting-edge breakthroughs that have facilitated its expansion. The second section proposes a conceptual scheme from the social Ecological perspective, which analyzes the subject–environmental binomial associate...
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establishing and maintaining healthy environments toward a social ecology of health promotion
American Psychologist, 1992Co-Authors: Daniel StokolsAbstract:Earlier research on health promotion has emphasized behavior change strategies rather than environmentally focused interventions. The advantages of integrating lifestyle modification, injury control, and environmental enhancement strategies of health promotion are substantial. The author offers a social Ecological Analysis of health promotive environments, emphasizing the transactions between individual or collective behavior and the health resources and constraints that exist in specific environmental settings. Directions for future research on the creation and maintenance of health promotive environments also are examined.
Neville Owen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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explaining socio economic status differences in walking for transport an Ecological Analysis of individual social and environmental factors
Social Science & Medicine, 2009Co-Authors: Ester Cerin, Eva Leslie, Neville OwenAbstract:The identification of potential mechanisms of influence (mediators) of socio-economic status (SES) on walking for transport is important, because the likely opposing forces of influence may obscure pathways for intervention across different SES groups. This study examined individual, and perceived social and physical environmental mediators of the relations of individual- and area-level SES with walking for transport. Two mailed surveys, six months apart, collected data on transport-related walking and its hypothesized individual, social and environmental correlates. The sample consisted of 2194 English-speaking adults (aged 20-65) living in 154 Census Collection Districts (CCDs) of Adelaide, Australia. Individual-level SES was assessed using data on self-reported educational attainment, household income, and household size. Area-level SES was assessed using census data on median household income and household size for each selected CCD. Bootstrap generalized linear models examined associations between SES, potential mediators, and total weekly minutes and frequency of walking for transport. The product-of-coefficient test was used to assess mediating effects. Individual, social-environmental, and physical environmental factors significantly contributed to the explanation of the relations between SES and transport-related walking frequency. Educational attainment and area- and individual-level income played independent roles in explaining frequency of walking for transport, through opposing common and distinct pathways. While engagement in leisure-time physical activity was the most influential mediator of the association between educational attainment and frequency of walking for transport, the number of motorized vehicles and perceived levels of environmental aesthetics and greenery were the strongest mediators of the relations of frequency of transport-related walking with individual- and area-level income, respectively. Environmental interventions aimed at increasing residential density, reducing physical barriers to walking and traffic load, developing social-support networks, and creating greener and more aesthetically pleasing environments in more-disadvantaged areas may help to reduce SES inequalities in participation in physical activity, by facilitating walking for transport.
Pierre Chauvin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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incidence of stroke and socioeconomic neighborhood characteristics an Ecological Analysis of dijon stroke registry
Stroke, 2011Co-Authors: Olivier Grimaud, Yannick Bejot, Julie Vallee, Jerome Durier, Emmanuelle Cadot, Maurice Giroud, Pierre ChauvinAbstract:Background and Purpose—Studies have shown higher stroke incidence in areas with higher levels of deprivation. We aimed to determine the pattern of association between various area socioeconomic sta...
Punam Mangtani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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small area level socio economic deprivation and tuberculosis rates in england an Ecological Analysis of tuberculosis notifications between 2008 and 2012
PLOS ONE, 2020Co-Authors: Patrick Nguipdopdjomo, Laura C Rodrigues, Ibrahim Abubakar, Punam MangtaniAbstract:Background Tuberculosis (TB) rates in England are among the highest in high-income countries. Poverty and historic and current immigration from high TB incidence parts of the world are two major drivers of tuberculosis in England. However, little has been done in recent years to examine socio-economic trends in TB rates in England, and to disentangle the role of deprivation from that of place of birth in the current TB epidemiology. Objectives To assess the association between England’s 2008–2012 TB notification rates and small area-level deprivation, together and separately in the UK-born and foreign-born populations. Methods Ecological Analysis of the association between quintiles of England’s 2010 Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) and TB rates at the Lower-layer Super Output Area (LSOA; average population ~1500) level, using negative binomial and zero-inflated negative binomial regression models, adjusting for age, sex, urban/rural area classification, and area-level percentage of non-White residents. Results There was a log-linear gradient between area-deprivation levels and TB rates, with overall TB rates in the most deprived quintile areas three times higher than the least deprived quintile after adjustment for age and sex (IRR = 3.35; 95%CI: 3.16 to 3.55). The association and gradient were stronger in the UK-born than the foreign-born population, with UK-born TB rates in the most deprived quintiles about two-and-a-half times higher than the least deprived quintile (IRR = 2.39; 95%CI: 2.19 to 2.61) after controlling for age, sex, urban/rural classification and percentage of non-White residents; whereas the comparable figure for foreign-born persons was 80% higher (IRR = 1.78; 95%CI: 1.66 to 1.91). Conclusions Socio-economic deprivation continues to play a substantial role in sustaining the TB epidemic in England, especially in the UK-born population. This supports the case for further investigations of the underlying social- determinants of TB.
Sadie J Ryan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a social Ecological Analysis of community perceptions of dengue fever and aedes aegypti in machala ecuador
BMC Public Health, 2014Co-Authors: Anna Stewart M Ibarra, Valerie A Luzadis, Mercy Borbor J Cordova, Mercy Silva, Tania Ordonez, Efrain Beltran Ayala, Sadie J RyanAbstract:The growing burden of dengue fever and the lack of a vaccine or specific medical treatment have increased the urgency of the public health sector to identify alternative management strategies. A prevailing trend in Latin America has been a shift towards decentralized vector control programs with integrated management strategies, requiring significant intersectoral coordination, community engagement, and knowledge of the local social-Ecological system (SES). Community perceptions and responses are a critical component of this system, since perceptions shape actions, and thus govern behavioral responses and acceptance of shifts in policy and management. We investigated perceptions, misconceptions, and local SES risk factors for dengue in high risk communities located at the urban periphery and center in Machala, Ecuador. We facilitated twelve focus group discussions with community members using semi-structured question guides and causal diagrams. Focus groups were recorded, transcribed, and coded to identify emergent themes using qualitative methods for theme Analysis. To estimate the relative importance of the themes in each study area, we tabulated the number of focus groups in which each theme was present. Household surveys (n = 79) were conducted to further explore these themes, and we compared survey responses from the two areas using descriptive statistics. We identified thirty biophysical, political-institutional, and community-household risk factors for dengue. People at the periphery identified a greater number of risk factors. Dengue control required considerable investment of time and resources, which presented a greater challenge for women and people at the periphery. Common misperceptions included confusion with other febrile diseases, lack of knowledge of transmission mechanisms, and misconceptions about mosquito behavior. People perceived that dengue control programs had been limited by the lack of inter-institutional coordination and lack of social cohesion. There is a need for local, policy-relevant research that can be translated to strengthen the design, implementation, and evaluation of new dengue management strategies. This study contributes to a growing body of research in this area. Based on these findings, we identify key policy and management recommendations that will inform the ongoing transition to a decentralized dengue control program in Ecuador and other dengue endemic countries.
