The Experts below are selected from a list of 215712 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ombeline Sculfort - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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variation of chemical compounds in wild heliconiini reveals Ecological Factors involved in the evolution of chemical defenses in mimetic butterflies
Ecology and Evolution, 2020Co-Authors: Ombeline Sculfort, Erika Cristina Pinheiro De Castro, Krzysztof M Kozak, Soren Bak, Marianne Elias, Bastien Nay, Violaine LlaurensAbstract:Evolutionary convergence of color pattern in mimetic species is tightly linked with the evolution of chemical defenses. Yet, the evolutionary forces involved in natural variations of chemical defenses in aposematic species are still understudied. Herein, we focus on the evolution of chemical defenses in the butterfly tribe Heliconiini. These neotropical butterflies contain large concentrations of cyanogenic glucosides, cyanide-releasing compounds acting as predator deterrent. These compounds are either de novo synthesized or sequestered from their Passiflora host plant, so that their concentrations may depend on host plant specialization and host plant availability. We sampled 375 wild Heliconiini butterflies across Central and South America, covering 43% species of this clade, and quantify individual variations in the different CGs using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. We detected new compounds and important variations in chemical defenses both within and among species. Based on the most recent and well-studied phylogeny of Heliconiini, we show that Ecological Factors such as mimetic interactions and host plant specialization have a significant association with chemical profiles, but these effects are largely explained by phylogenetic relationships. Our results therefore suggest that shared ancestries largely contribute to chemical defense variation, pointing out at the interaction between historical and Ecological Factors in the evolution of Mullerian mimicry.
Xingyu Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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influence of socio Ecological Factors on covid 19 risk a cross sectional study based on 178 countries regions worldwide
medRxiv, 2020Co-Authors: Yingchu Che, Tao Zhang, Yunfa Zhang, Xingyu ZhangAbstract:The initial outbreak of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 in China in 2019 has been severely tested in other countries worldwide. We established the Potential Risk Assessment Framework for COVID-19. We used spatial econometrics method to assess the global and local correlation of COVID-19 risk indicators. To estimate the adjusted IRR, we modelled negative binomial regression analysis with spatial information and socio-Ecological Factors. We found that 37, 29 and 39 countries/regions were strongly opposite from the IR, CMR and DCI index "spatial autocorrelation hypothesis", respectively. The IR, CMR and DCI were significantly associated with some socio-economic Factors. We also found that climatic Factors (temperature, relative humidity, precipitation and wind speed) did not significantly reduce COVID-19 risk. To fight against COVID-19 more effectively, countries/regions should pay more attention to controlling population flow, improving diagnosis and treatment capacity, and improving public welfare policies.
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influence of socio Ecological Factors on covid 19 risk a cross sectional study based on 178 countries regions worldwide
Social Science Research Network, 2020Co-Authors: Yingchun Chen, Tao Zhang, Min Tan, Yunfan Zhang, Xingyu ZhangAbstract:Background: The initial outbreak of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 in China in 2019 has been severely tested in other countries worldwide. To address the challenges posed by COVID-19, the links among the transmission of COVID-19, socio-economic Factors and climatic Factors must be understood to suggest better strategies for predicting, preventing, coping with and mitigating the associated challenges. We aimed to describe the spatial distribution of the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide and assess the effects of various socio-Ecological Factors, including climate and socio-economic Factors, on COVID-19 risk. Methods: We collected COVID-19 pandemic infection data of 178 countries/regions worldwide from the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Visual Dashboard data repository, operated by the Johns Hopkins University Center for Systems Science and Engineering (JHU-CSSE), and collected socio-Ecological data from the Global Surface Summary of the Day (GSOD) and World Development Indicators dataset. We established the Potential Risk Assessment Framework for COVID-19. We used spatial econometrics method to assess the global and local correlation of COVID-19 risk indicators (the incidence rate, cumulative mortality rate and daily cumulative index) for COVID-19. To estimate the adjusted IRR, we modelled negative binomial regression analysis with spatial information and socio-Ecological Factors. Findings: By April 6, 2020, 178 cases were reported globally. The test results for local spatial correlations indicated that 37, 29 and 39 countries/regions were strongly opposite from the IR, CMR and DCI index "spatial autocorrelation hypothesis", respectively. The IRs were significantly positively associated with GDP per capita, the use of at least basic sanitation services and social insurance program coverage, and were significantly negatively associated with the proportion of the population spending more than 25% of household consumption or income on out-of-pocket health care expenses and the poverty headcount ratio at the national poverty lines. The CMR was significantly positively associated with urban populations, GDP per capita and current health expenditure, and was significantly negatively associated with the number of hospital beds, number of nurses and midwives, and poverty headcount ratio at the national poverty lines. The DCI was significantly positively associated with urban populations, population density and researchers in R&D, and was significantly negatively associated with the number of hospital beds, number of nurses and midwives and poverty headcount ratio at the national poverty lines. We also found that climatic Factors (temperature, relative humidity, precipitation and wind speed) did not significantly reduce COVID-19 risk.I nterpretation: Attention must be paid to the similarities in COVID-19 transmission characteristics (such as transmission speed and mortality rate) across countries/regions, and national/regional early warning and protection measures must be successfully implemented. Governmental regulation of social and economic Factors is particularly important to reduce COVID-19 risk. To fight against COVID-19 more effectively, countries/regions should pay more attention to controlling population flow, improving diagnosis and treatment capacity, and improving public welfare policies. Funding Statement: National Natural Science Foundation of China, Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research. Declaration of Interests: DS, YC, MT and YZ are funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 71473096; No. 71673101; No. 71974066). YZ is funded by Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research (MICHR No. UL1TR002240). All other authors declare no competing interests.
Violaine Llaurens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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variation of chemical compounds in wild heliconiini reveals Ecological Factors involved in the evolution of chemical defenses in mimetic butterflies
Ecology and Evolution, 2020Co-Authors: Ombeline Sculfort, Erika Cristina Pinheiro De Castro, Krzysztof M Kozak, Soren Bak, Marianne Elias, Bastien Nay, Violaine LlaurensAbstract:Evolutionary convergence of color pattern in mimetic species is tightly linked with the evolution of chemical defenses. Yet, the evolutionary forces involved in natural variations of chemical defenses in aposematic species are still understudied. Herein, we focus on the evolution of chemical defenses in the butterfly tribe Heliconiini. These neotropical butterflies contain large concentrations of cyanogenic glucosides, cyanide-releasing compounds acting as predator deterrent. These compounds are either de novo synthesized or sequestered from their Passiflora host plant, so that their concentrations may depend on host plant specialization and host plant availability. We sampled 375 wild Heliconiini butterflies across Central and South America, covering 43% species of this clade, and quantify individual variations in the different CGs using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. We detected new compounds and important variations in chemical defenses both within and among species. Based on the most recent and well-studied phylogeny of Heliconiini, we show that Ecological Factors such as mimetic interactions and host plant specialization have a significant association with chemical profiles, but these effects are largely explained by phylogenetic relationships. Our results therefore suggest that shared ancestries largely contribute to chemical defense variation, pointing out at the interaction between historical and Ecological Factors in the evolution of Mullerian mimicry.
Bastien Nay - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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variation of chemical compounds in wild heliconiini reveals Ecological Factors involved in the evolution of chemical defenses in mimetic butterflies
Ecology and Evolution, 2020Co-Authors: Ombeline Sculfort, Erika Cristina Pinheiro De Castro, Krzysztof M Kozak, Soren Bak, Marianne Elias, Bastien Nay, Violaine LlaurensAbstract:Evolutionary convergence of color pattern in mimetic species is tightly linked with the evolution of chemical defenses. Yet, the evolutionary forces involved in natural variations of chemical defenses in aposematic species are still understudied. Herein, we focus on the evolution of chemical defenses in the butterfly tribe Heliconiini. These neotropical butterflies contain large concentrations of cyanogenic glucosides, cyanide-releasing compounds acting as predator deterrent. These compounds are either de novo synthesized or sequestered from their Passiflora host plant, so that their concentrations may depend on host plant specialization and host plant availability. We sampled 375 wild Heliconiini butterflies across Central and South America, covering 43% species of this clade, and quantify individual variations in the different CGs using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. We detected new compounds and important variations in chemical defenses both within and among species. Based on the most recent and well-studied phylogeny of Heliconiini, we show that Ecological Factors such as mimetic interactions and host plant specialization have a significant association with chemical profiles, but these effects are largely explained by phylogenetic relationships. Our results therefore suggest that shared ancestries largely contribute to chemical defense variation, pointing out at the interaction between historical and Ecological Factors in the evolution of Mullerian mimicry.
Anna M Stewartibarra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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social Ecological Factors and preventive actions decrease the risk of dengue infection at the household level results from a prospective dengue surveillance study in machala ecuador
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2017Co-Authors: Aileen Kenneson, Mark E. Polhemus, Sadie J. Ryan, Timothy P. Endy, Efrain Beltranayala, Mercy J Borborcordova, Anna M StewartibarraAbstract:Background In Ecuador, dengue virus (DENV) infections transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito are among the greatest public health concerns in urban coastal communities. Community- and household-level vector control is the principal means of controlling disease outbreaks. This study aimed to assess the impact of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) and social-Ecological Factors on the presence or absence of DENV infections in the household. Methods In 2014 and 2015, individuals with DENV infections from sentinel clinics in Machala, Ecuador, were invited to participate in the study, as well as members of their household and members of four neighboring households located within 200 meters. We conducted diagnostic testing for DENV on all study participants; we surveyed heads of households (HOHs) regarding demographics, housing conditions and KAPs. We compared KAPs and social-Ecological Factors between households with (n = 139) versus without (n = 80) DENV infections, using bivariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression models with and without interactions. Results Significant risk Factors in multivariate models included proximity to abandoned properties, interruptions in piped water, and shaded patios (p<0.05). Significant protective Factors included the use of mosquito bed nets, fumigation inside the home, and piped water inside the home (p<0.05). In bivariate analyses (but not multivariate modeling), DENV infections were positively associated with HOHs who were male, employed, and of younger age than households without infections (p<0.05). DENV infections were not associated with knowledge, attitude, or reported barriers to prevention activities. Discussion Specific actions that can be considered to decrease the risk of DENV infections in the household include targeting vector control in highly shaded properties, fumigating inside the home, and use of mosquito bed nets. Community-level interventions include cleanup of abandoned properties, daily garbage collection, and reliable piped water inside houses. These findings can inform interventions to reduce the risk of other diseases transmitted by the Ae. aegypti mosquito, such as chikungunya and Zika fever.
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social Ecological Factors and preventive actions decrease the risk of dengue infection at the household level results from a prospective dengue surveillance study in machala ecuador
bioRxiv, 2017Co-Authors: Aileen Kenneson, Mark E. Polhemus, Sadie J. Ryan, Timothy P. Endy, Efrain Beltranayala, Mercy J Borborcordova, Anna M StewartibarraAbstract:Background: In Ecuador, dengue fever and other febrile diseases transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito are among the greatest public health concerns in urban coastal communities. Community- and household-level vector control is the principal means of controlling disease outbreaks. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of dengue prevention knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs), as well as social-Ecological Factors, on the presence or absence of acute or recent dengue infections in the household. Methods: As part of dengue surveillance in Machala, Ecuador, we invited individuals with an acute dengue illness to participate, along with other members of the household and members of four neighboring households. We conducted diagnostic testing for dengue on all study participants, and we surveyed heads of households (HOHs) regarding KAPs. We compared KAPs and social-Ecological Factors between households with (n=139) versus without (n=80) acute or recent dengue infections, using bivariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression models with and without interactions. Results: In bivariate analyses (but not multivariate modeling), the presence of dengue infections was positively associated with HOHs who were male, employed, and of younger age than households without recent or acute dengue infections (p
