The Experts below are selected from a list of 444171 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Alan O Sykes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the Economic Structure of international trade in services agreements
Journal of Political Economy, 2021Co-Authors: Robert W Staiger, Alan O SykesAbstract:The existing Economics literature on international trade agreements focuses on tariff agreements covering trade in goods and explains core features of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GA...
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the Economic Structure of international trade in services agreements
Social Science Research Network, 2016Co-Authors: Robert W Staiger, Alan O SykesAbstract:The existing Economics literature on international trade agreements focuses on tariff agreements covering trade in goods, and offers an explanation for core features of the GATT. Tariffs play almost no role in services markets, however, and the existing models cannot account for the dramatically different approach to trade liberalization in agreements such as the WTO General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). We develop a model through which key features of GATS, including its emphasis on "deep integration" – sector-by-sector negotiations on behind the border policy instruments – can be understood. And we use this model to suggest that there may also be a middle ground for services trade liberalization between the GATS deep-integration approach and the traditional border-policy focused "shallow integration" approach of GATT.Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.
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the Economic Structure of international trade in services agreements
Research Papers in Economics, 2016Co-Authors: Robert W Staiger, Alan O SykesAbstract:The existing Economics literature on international trade agreements focuses on tariff agreements covering trade in goods, and offers an explanation for core features of the GATT. Tariffs play almost no role in services markets, however, and the existing models cannot account for the dramatically different approach to trade liberalization in agreements such as the WTO General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). We develop a model through which key features of GATS, including its emphasis on "deep integration" – sector-by-sector negotiations on behind the border policy instruments – can be understood. And we use this model to suggest that there may also be a middle ground for services trade liberalization between the GATS deep-integration approach and the traditional border-policy focused "shallow integration" approach of GATT.
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the Economic Structure of renegotiation and dispute resolution in the world trade organization
The Journal of Legal Studies, 2002Co-Authors: Warren F Schwartz, Alan O SykesAbstract:Abstract The treaty creating the World Trade Organization (WTO) replaced the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) dispute resolution system, which contained no formal sanctions for breach of agreement as a practical matter, with a system that results in centrally authorized sanctions against recalcitrant violators of WTO trade agreements. We examine the important features of the new system and argue that the institutionalization of a sanctioning mechanism was not motivated by a perceived need to increase the penalty for violations, but rather by a need to decrease the penalty. In particular, the GATT system relied on unilateral retaliation and reputation to police the bargain. Toward its end, unilateral retaliation became excessive and interfered with opportunities for efficient breach. The WTO mechanism for arbitrating the magnitude of proposed sanctions is the major innovation under WTO law and ensures that sanctions are not set too high.
Robert W Staiger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the Economic Structure of international trade in services agreements
Journal of Political Economy, 2021Co-Authors: Robert W Staiger, Alan O SykesAbstract:The existing Economics literature on international trade agreements focuses on tariff agreements covering trade in goods and explains core features of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GA...
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the Economic Structure of international trade in services agreements
Social Science Research Network, 2016Co-Authors: Robert W Staiger, Alan O SykesAbstract:The existing Economics literature on international trade agreements focuses on tariff agreements covering trade in goods, and offers an explanation for core features of the GATT. Tariffs play almost no role in services markets, however, and the existing models cannot account for the dramatically different approach to trade liberalization in agreements such as the WTO General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). We develop a model through which key features of GATS, including its emphasis on "deep integration" – sector-by-sector negotiations on behind the border policy instruments – can be understood. And we use this model to suggest that there may also be a middle ground for services trade liberalization between the GATS deep-integration approach and the traditional border-policy focused "shallow integration" approach of GATT.Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.
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the Economic Structure of international trade in services agreements
Research Papers in Economics, 2016Co-Authors: Robert W Staiger, Alan O SykesAbstract:The existing Economics literature on international trade agreements focuses on tariff agreements covering trade in goods, and offers an explanation for core features of the GATT. Tariffs play almost no role in services markets, however, and the existing models cannot account for the dramatically different approach to trade liberalization in agreements such as the WTO General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). We develop a model through which key features of GATS, including its emphasis on "deep integration" – sector-by-sector negotiations on behind the border policy instruments – can be understood. And we use this model to suggest that there may also be a middle ground for services trade liberalization between the GATS deep-integration approach and the traditional border-policy focused "shallow integration" approach of GATT.
Yuqing Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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study on factors influencing urban rural dual Economic Structure of chongqing based on the state space variable parameter method
Asian Agricultural Research, 2013Co-Authors: Yuqing WangAbstract:Firstly, this paper reviews and analyzes historic background of urban-rural integration of Chongqing, and the evolution and trend of urban and rural dual Economic Structure. On the basis of previous researches, it selects factors and variables influencing urban and rural dual Economic Structure, and establishes an econometric model. By state space Kalman filtering method, it analyzes dynamic influence of factors upon urban-rural dual Economic intensity. According to empirical conclusion, it puts forward corresponding policy recommendations for promoting integrated urban and rural Economic development of Chongqing.
Raksanai Nidhiritdhikrai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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impact of Economic restructuring on the energy system in thailand
Energy Procedia, 2011Co-Authors: Weerin Wangjiraniran, Supawat Vivanpatarakij, Raksanai NidhiritdhikraiAbstract:Abstract The objective of this study is to explore the scenarios of energy and energy-related greenhouse gases with different pictures of future Economic Structure to 2030. The scenario without change of Economic Structure under the current energy policy, namely reference scenario (REF)’ is simulated. Economic activities in industrial and service sector rely on the current Structure. The existing schemes of energy policy and planning, e.g. renewable energy and efficiency, are assumed to continue with the achievement on their target. Comparatively, an alternative scenario with the target of Economic restructuring namely case with Economic structural change (ECOS)’ is illustrated. In this case, the activities in agricultural and service sector will become much more important, while the activities in industrial sector become saturated. By using an energy accounting model namely Long-range Energy Alternative Planning system (LEAP)’, the impact of the Economic Structure change on the pattern of energy consumption and energy-related greenhouse gases by sector for two different scenarios will be comparatively revealed.
Zhu Ming - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Identification of Spatial Economic Structure in Jiangsu Province by Applying Exploratory Spatial Data Statistics
Economic Geography, 2012Co-Authors: Zhu MingAbstract:The feasibility of exploratory spatial data analysis(ESDA) in analyzing regional Economic disparities is firstly explored in this paper.Then,we use ESDA method to investigate the spatial Economic Structure at the county level in Jiangsu from 1988 to 2009.Both global and local spatial autocorrelation analysis strategies based on the rules of rook contiguity and arc distance contiguity spatial weights are used during the investigation.The analysis results based on the rules of rook contiguity spatial weights show that the evolution of Jiangsu spatial-Economic organization can be discriminated as four stages: ①From 1988 to 1992,the disparity of regional economy was not significant.②From 1993 to 1996,the county-level spatial disparities of regional economy had significant effect between southern and northern Jiangsu.③From 1997 to 2002,the polarization effect remitted to a certain extent for whole province.④From 2003 to 2008,there was a huge gap of regional economy between northern and southern Jiangsu.Moreover,according to the analysis results based on the rules of arc distance spatial weights,the range of spatial-Economic influence in Jiangsu is observed less than 240 km,which indicates that the growing-up of southern Jiangsu only has significant effect on the regions along the Yangtze River other than the coastal areas.There is a need to pay more attention to develop the coastal areas and reduce the county-level regional differences in Jiangsu.
