The Experts below are selected from a list of 315 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Niven Winchester - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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is there a dirty little secret non tariff barriers and the gains from trade
Journal of Policy Modeling, 2009Co-Authors: Niven WinchesterAbstract:Abstract We estimate tariff equivalents (TEs) of non-tariff barriers (NTBs) using a series of gravity equations. Our analysis focuses on New Zealand, a nation that has a comprehensive free trade agreement (with Australia) that can be used to benchmark other trade negotiations. We estimate reductions in TEs following trade negotiations as differences between New Zealand–Australia TEs and those applying to trade between New Zealand and other nations. Simulating reductions in Tariffs and NTBs in a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model indicates that gains from trade liberalisation are much larger when Tariffs and NTBs are considered than when only Tariffs are reduced. Our results have several implications for trade policy.
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Classroom tariff wars: a tariff setting game
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2004Co-Authors: Niven WinchesterAbstract:This paper outlines a classroom tariff setting game that allows students to explore the consequences of import Tariffs imposed by large countries (countries able to influence world prices). Groups of students represent countries, which are organised into trading pairs. Each group's objective is to maximise welfare by choosing an appropriate ad valorem tariff. The game is built on a computable general equilibrium model, which allows each nation's utility and terms of trade under alternative tariff regimes to be expressed quantitatively. The exercise encourages students to consider terms of trade improvements and efficiency losses resulting from large-country Tariffs and provides a backdrop to discuss the Nash equilibrium of a tariff war. Feedback from students who have participated in trial simulations indicates that the game is a useful supplement to traditional teaching methods.
Mary E. Burfisher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Agriculture in the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership: Tariffs, Tariff-Rate Quotas, and Non-Tariff Measures
Economic Research Report, 2015Co-Authors: Jayson Beckman, Shawn Arita, Lorraine Mitchell, Mary E. BurfisherAbstract:This study assesses the potential effects of the U.S.-EU Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership on agriculture under three broad scenarios: complete removal of Tariffs and tariff-rate quotas; elimination of non-tariff measures along with Tariffs and tariff-rate quotas; and a lowering of the willingness of consumers to purchase imported goods previously limited by non-tariff measures.
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Agriculture in the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership: Tariffs, Tariff-Rate Quotas, and Non-Tariff Measures
2015Co-Authors: Jayson Beckman, Shawn Arita, Lorraine Mitchell, Mary E. BurfisherAbstract:The proposed Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (T-TIP) between the United States and the European Union (EU) aims to address several important barriers facing agricultural trade, including Tariffs, tariff-rate quotas (TRQs), and non-tariff measures (NTMs). Estimated ad valorem tariff equivalents of Tariffs/TRQs and NTMs currently in place are as high as 120 percent, significantly limiting trade between the two regions. This study uses model simulations to assess the effects of T-TIP on agriculture under three broad scenarios: complete removal of Tariffs and TRQs; elimination of select NTMs along with Tariffs and TRQs; and a lowering of the willingness of consumers to purchase imported goods previously limited by NTMs. Results of all scenarios suggest an increase in U.S.-EU agricultural trade from T-TIP, benefiting both regions. While the United States realizes a relative increase in agricultural exports, the EU benefits from lower import prices and larger macroeconomic gains than the United States. The estimated annual increase in U.S.-EU agricultural trade ranges from $6.3 billion to $11.6 billion when compared with the 2011 base year.
Khouilid Mustapha - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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L’impact des mesures non tarifaires sur le commerce extérieur marocain : Une investigation empirique à l’aide d’un modèle de gravité
HAL CCSD, 2019Co-Authors: Khouilid MustaphaAbstract:In the 21st century, non-tariff measures have become the major obstacle to liberalizing international trade. This thesis is a part of research about of the quantization of non-tariff measures and aims to compare the degree of restrictiveness of these measures and the customs duties applied to Moroccan exports. Thus, this work presents a comparison of the non-tariff measures restriction applied by countries of different levels of development. This research introduces the quantification of non-tariff measures by applying the elasticity of import demand to the results of a gravity model for a sample of 28 countries. The results show that non-tariff measures are more restrictive than the Tariffs applied to all exporting sectors. This difference becomes important in the case of developed countries due to their low pricing level. However, the level of restriction of trade among developing countries is revealed due to the application of restrictive non-tariff measures and further high Tariffs.Les mesures non tarifaires sont devenues l’obstacle majeur à la libération du commerce international au XXIème siècle. La présente thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre des travaux de quantification des mesures non tarifaires et vise la comparaison du degré de restrictivité de ces mesures et des droits douaniers appliquées aux exportations marocaines. Ainsi, ce travail présente une comparaison de la restriction des mesures non tarifaires appliquées par différents pays de niveaux de développement différents. Ce travail de recherche introduit la quantification des mesures non tarifaires par l’application de l’élasticité de la demande d’importation sur les résultats d’un modèle de gravité appliqué à un échantillon de de 28 pays. Les résultats montrent que les mesures non tarifaires sont plus restrictives que les tarifs douaniers appliqués pour l’ensemble des secteurs exportateurs. Cette différence devient importante pour le cas des pays développés en raison de leur niveau de tarification très bas. Cependant, le niveau de restriction des échanges chez les pays en développement est très révélé en raison de l’application de mesures non tarifaires restrictives et de tarifs douaniers encore élevés
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L’impact des mesures non tarifaires sur le commerce extérieur marocain : Une investigation empirique à l’aide d’un modèle de gravité
HAL CCSD, 2019Co-Authors: Khouilid MustaphaAbstract:In the 21st century, non-tariff measures have become the major obstacle to liberalizing international trade. This thesis is a part of research about of the quantization of non-tariff measures and aims to compare the degree of restrictiveness of these measures and the customs duties applied to Moroccan exports. Thus, this work presents a comparison of the non-tariff measures restriction applied by countries of different levels of development. This research introduces the quantification of non-tariff measures by applying the elasticity of import demand to the results of a gravity model for a sample of 28 countries. The results show that non-tariff measures are more restrictive than the Tariffs applied to all exporting sectors. This difference becomes important in the case of developed countries due to their low pricing level. However, the level of restriction of trade among developing countries is revealed due to the application of restrictive non-tariff measures and further high Tariffs.Les mesures non tarifaires sont devenues l’obstacle majeur à la libération du commerce international au XXIème siècle. La présente thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre des travaux de quantification des mesures non tarifaires et vise la comparaison du degré de restrictivité de ces mesures et des droits douaniers appliquées aux exportations marocaines. Ainsi, ce travail présente une comparaison de la restriction des mesures non tarifaires appliquées par différents pays de niveaux de développement différents. Ce travail de recherche introduit la quantification des mesures non tarifaires par l’application de l’élasticité de la demande d’importation sur les résultats d’un modèle de gravité appliqué à un échantillon de 28 pays. Les résultats montrent que les mesures non tarifaires sont plus restrictives que les tarifs douaniers appliqués pour l’ensemble des secteurs exportateurs. Cette différence devient importante pour le cas des pays développés en raison de leur niveau de tarification très bas. Cependant, le niveau de restriction des échanges chez les pays en développement est très révélé en raison de l’application de mesures non tarifaires restrictives et de tarifs douaniers encore élevés
Will Martin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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formulas and flexibility in trade negotiations sensitive agricultural products in the wto s doha agenda
2010Co-Authors: Sébastien Jean, David Laborde, Will MartinAbstract:Many trade negotiations involve large cuts in high Tariffs, with flexibilities allowing much smaller cuts for an agreed number of politically-sensitive products. The effects of these flexibilities on market access opportunities are difficult to predict, creating particular problems for developing countries in assessing whether to support a proposed agreement. Some widely-used ad hoc approaches to identifying likely sensitive products -- such as the highest-bound-tariff rule -- suggest that the impacts of a limited number of such exceptions on average Tariffs and on market access are likely to be minor. This paper uses a rigorous specification based on the apparent objectives of policy makers in setting the pre-negotiation tariff. Applying this approach with detailed data allows the authors to assess the implications of sensitive-product provisions for average agricultural Tariffs, economic welfare, and market access under the Doha negotiations. The authors conclude that highest-tariff rules are likely to seriously underestimate the impacts on average Tariffs, and that treating even 2 percent of tariff lines as sensitive is likely to have a sharply adverse impact on economic welfare. The impacts on market access are also adverse, but much smaller, perhaps reflecting the mercantilist focus of the negotiating process.
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Formulas and flexibility in trade negotiations: sensitive agricultural products in the world trade organization’s Doha agenda
World Bank Economic Review, 2010Co-Authors: Sébastien Jean, David Laborde, Will MartinAbstract:Many trade negotiations involve large cuts in high Tariffs, while allowing smaller cuts for an agreed share of politically sensitive products. The effects of these flexibilities on market access opportunities are difficult to predict, creating particular problems for developing countries in assessing whether to support a proposed trade agreement. Some widely used ad hoc approaches for identifying likely sensitive products—such as the highest-bound-tariff rule—suggest that the impact of a limited number of such exceptions on average Tariffs and market access is likely to be minor. Applying a rigorous specification based on the apparent objectives of policymakers in setting the prenegotiation tariff enables more accurate assessment of the implications of sensitive-product provisions for average agricultural Tariffs, economic welfare, and market access under the Doha negotiations. The analysis concludes that highest-tariff rules are likely to seriously underestimate the impacts on average Tariffs and that treating even 2 percent of tariff lines as sensitive is likely to have a sharply adverse impact on economic welfare. The impacts on market access are also adverse, but much smaller, perhaps reflecting the mercantilist focus of the negotiating process.
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formulas and flexibility in trade negotiations sensitive agricultural products in the world trade organization s doha agenda
The World Bank Economic Review, 2010Co-Authors: Sébastien Jean, David Laborde, Will MartinAbstract:Many trade negotiations involve large cuts in high Tariffs, while allowing smaller cuts for an agreed share of politically sensitive products. The effects of these flexibilities on market access opportunities are difficult to predict, creating particular problems for developing countries in assessing whether to support a proposed trade agreement. Some widely used ad hoc approaches for identifying likely sensitive products-such as the highest-bound-tariff rule-suggest that the impact of a limited number of such exceptions on average Tariffs and market access is likely to be minor. Applying a rigorous specification based on the apparent objectives of policymakers in setting the prenegotiation tariff enables more accurate assessment of the implications of sensitive-product provisions for average agricultural Tariffs, economic welfare, and market access under the Doha negotiations. The analysis concludes that highest-tariff rules are likely to seriously underestimate the impacts on average Tariffs and that treating even two percent of tariff lines as sensitive is likely to have a sharply adverse impact on economic welfare. The impacts on market access are also adverse, but much smaller, perhaps reflecting the mercantilist focus of the negotiating process.
Jesus Otero - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the timing of tariff structure changes in regulated industries evidence from england and wales
Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 2002Co-Authors: Monica Giulietti, Jesus OteroAbstract:Abstract In this paper, we investigate the dynamic evolution of Tariffs in telecommunications, gas, airports, electricity and water in England and Wales. We carry out a statistical analysis of the Tariffs charged by the companies, which have been subject to a price-cap since privatisation. The period covered, between 1976 and 1998, allows us to investigate systematic changes in the tariff structure before and after privatisation. In all the industries, with the exception of gas, we identify changes in the tariff structure immediately before privatisation. Some limited evidence of changes in electricity and gas Tariffs before the introduction of competition is also found.
