The Experts below are selected from a list of 170235 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Anne Thimonier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Does exceeding the critical loads for nitrogen alter nitrate leaching, the nutrient status of trees and their crown condition at Swiss Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research (LWF) sites?
European Journal of Forest Research, 2010Co-Authors: Anne Thimonier, Maria Schmitt, Peter Waldner, Elisabeth Graf Pannatier, Lorenz Walthert, Patrick Schleppi, Matthias Dobbertin, Norbert KräuchiAbstract:Nitrogen (N) deposition exceeds the critical loads for this element in most parts of Switzerland apart from the Alps. At 17 sites (8 broadleaved stands, 8 coniferous stands, and 1 mixed stand) of the Swiss Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research network, we are investigating whether N deposition is associated with the N status of the forest Ecosystems. N deposition, assessed from throughfall measurements, was related to the following indicators: (1) nitrate leaching below the rooting zone (measured on a subset of 9 sites); (2) the N nutrition of the forest stand based on foliar analyses (16 sites); and (3) crown defoliation, a non specific indicator of tree vitality (all 17 sites). Nitrate leaching ranging from about 2 to 16 kg N ha^−1 a^−1 was observed at sites subjected to moderate to high total N deposition (>10 kg ha^−1 a^−1). The C/N ratio of the soil organic layer, or, when it was not present, of the upper 5 cm of the mineral soil, together with the pool of organic carbon in the soil, played a critical role, as previous studies have also found. In addition, the humus type may need to be considered as well. For instance, little nitrate leaching (30 kg ha^−1 a^−1) but characterized by a C/N ratio of 24, large organic C stocks, and a moder humus type. Foliar N concentrations correlated with N deposition in both broadleaved and coniferous stands. In half of the coniferous stands, foliar N concentrations were in the deficiency range. Crown defoliation tended to be negatively correlated with N concentrations in the needles. In the majority of the broadleaved stands, foliar N concentrations were in the optimum nutritional range or, on one beech plot with high total N deposition (>25 kg ha^−1 a^−1), above the optimum values. There was no correlation between the crown defoliation of broadleaved trees and foliar concentrations.
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Atmospheric deposition on Swiss Long-Term Forest Ecosystem Research (LWF) plots.
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2005Co-Authors: Anne Thimonier, Maria Schmitt, Peter Waldner, Beat RihmAbstract:Atmospheric deposition of the major elements was estimated from throughfall and bulk deposition measurements on 13 plots of the Swiss Long-Term Forest Ecosystem Research (LWF) between 1995 and 2001. Independent estimates of the wet and dry deposition of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) on these same plots were gained from combined simplified models. The highest deposition fluxes were measured at Novaggio (Southern Switzerland), exposed to heavy air pollution originating from the Po Plain, with throughfall fluxes averaging 29 kg ha(-1) a(-1) for N and 15 kg ha(-1) a(-1) for S. Low deposition fluxes were measured on the plots above 1800 m, with throughfall fluxes lower than 4.5 kg ha(-1) a(-1) for N and lower than 3 kg ha(-1) a(-1) for S. The wet deposition of N and S derived from bulk deposition was close to the modeled wet deposition, but the dry deposition derived from throughfall was significantly lower than the modeled dry deposition for both compounds. However, both the throughfall method and the model yielded total deposition estimates of N which exceeded the critical loads calculated on the basis of long-term mass balance considerations. These estimates were within or above the range of empirical critical loads except above 1800 m.
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Total deposition of nitrogen on Swiss long-term forest Ecosystem Research (LWF) plots: comparison of the throughfall and the inferential method
Atmospheric Environment, 2005Co-Authors: Maria Schmitt, Peter Waldner, Lotti Thöni, Anne ThimonierAbstract:Abstract The total deposition of nitrogen was estimated at 10 plots in the Swiss Long-Term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme for 1 year (1999/2000) using two methods: (1) the throughfall method, using bulk precipitation and throughfall measurements as input data for the canopy budget model; and (2) the inferential method, based on measurements of ammonia and nitrogen dioxide with passive samplers and deposition velocities taken from literature. The inferential method was coupled with a regression model deriving the other terms of the total deposition of nitrogen (wet deposition, dry deposition of nitric acid and dry deposition of particulate nitrogen) from measurements of the bulk deposition of nitrogen. The two methods gave estimates of the total deposition that correlated significantly with each other, in the range of 5–38 kg ha −1 a −1 , but the inferential method tended to yield higher estimates than those obtained with the throughfall method (median difference +2.4 kg ha −1 a −1 ). In view of the overall agreement of the two methods, the use of passive samplers in the open, coupled with the measurement of bulk deposition, appears, under certain conditions, to be an interesting alternative to the throughfall method.
Norbert Kräuchi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Preface—long-term Ecosystem Research: understanding the present to shape the future
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2010Co-Authors: Marcus C. Schaub, Norbert Kräuchi, Matthias DobbertinAbstract:This special section of Environmental Moni-toring and Assessment presents peer-reviewedcontributions from the international conference“Long-term Ecosystem Research: Understandingthe present to shape the future” that was heldon 7–11 September 2009 in Zurich, Switzerland atthe occasion of the 15th anniversary of the SwissLong-Term Forest Ecosystem Research LWF.Since 1994, the Swiss Long-Term Forest Ecosys-tem Research Programme has been addressingglobal change as a driving force on forest biotaand ecological processes. On this landmark date,the international community was invited to reflecton the current state of long-term (forest) ecosys-tem Research and its scientific value.The selected papers compiled in the presentspecial issue highlight important insights into thelatest aspects of long-term Ecosystem Research.Graf Pannatier et al. (2010) demonstrate the greatvalue of the monitoring data from Swiss Level II
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Does exceeding the critical loads for nitrogen alter nitrate leaching, the nutrient status of trees and their crown condition at Swiss Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research (LWF) sites?
European Journal of Forest Research, 2010Co-Authors: Anne Thimonier, Maria Schmitt, Peter Waldner, Elisabeth Graf Pannatier, Lorenz Walthert, Patrick Schleppi, Matthias Dobbertin, Norbert KräuchiAbstract:Nitrogen (N) deposition exceeds the critical loads for this element in most parts of Switzerland apart from the Alps. At 17 sites (8 broadleaved stands, 8 coniferous stands, and 1 mixed stand) of the Swiss Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research network, we are investigating whether N deposition is associated with the N status of the forest Ecosystems. N deposition, assessed from throughfall measurements, was related to the following indicators: (1) nitrate leaching below the rooting zone (measured on a subset of 9 sites); (2) the N nutrition of the forest stand based on foliar analyses (16 sites); and (3) crown defoliation, a non specific indicator of tree vitality (all 17 sites). Nitrate leaching ranging from about 2 to 16 kg N ha^−1 a^−1 was observed at sites subjected to moderate to high total N deposition (>10 kg ha^−1 a^−1). The C/N ratio of the soil organic layer, or, when it was not present, of the upper 5 cm of the mineral soil, together with the pool of organic carbon in the soil, played a critical role, as previous studies have also found. In addition, the humus type may need to be considered as well. For instance, little nitrate leaching (30 kg ha^−1 a^−1) but characterized by a C/N ratio of 24, large organic C stocks, and a moder humus type. Foliar N concentrations correlated with N deposition in both broadleaved and coniferous stands. In half of the coniferous stands, foliar N concentrations were in the deficiency range. Crown defoliation tended to be negatively correlated with N concentrations in the needles. In the majority of the broadleaved stands, foliar N concentrations were in the optimum nutritional range or, on one beech plot with high total N deposition (>25 kg ha^−1 a^−1), above the optimum values. There was no correlation between the crown defoliation of broadleaved trees and foliar concentrations.
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Forest Ecosystem Research — priorities for Europe
Forest Ecology and Management, 2000Co-Authors: Folke O. Andersson, Karl-heinz Feger, Reinhard F. Hüttl, Norbert Kräuchi, Leif Mattsson, Ola Sallnäs, Kjell SjöbergAbstract:Abstract European Forest Ecosystem Research Network (EFERN), was set up in 1996 as one result of the Ministerial Conferences on the Protection of European Forests in Strasbourg 1990 and Helsinki 1993 with the aim of promoting ecological Research for sustainable forest management. Three plenary meetings were held, each with a specific theme. The results of these meetings have been documented in 10 chapters in a volume with the title ‘Pathways to the wise use of forests in Europe’. The intention was also to give priorities for future forest Ecosystem Research. In accepting the idea that sustainability includes a multifunctional view of forests, there is a need to find ways of integrating classical forest Ecosystem Research with biodiversity, water quality and socio-economics. The balancing of the different interests in the forests can be done through planning. From this results also a choice of adequate management methods of the forest resources. The classical stand level in forestry requires now an additional scale — the landscape level. The aim with this paper is to present a concept which attempts to integrate the disciplines involved — Ecosystem and landscape ecology and its components. Areas where Research efforts are central are also mentioned.
Francois Lafolie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A coordinated set of Ecosystem Research platforms open to international Research in ecotoxicology, AnaEE-France
2016Co-Authors: Christian Mougin, Didier Azam, Thierry Caquet, Nathalie Cheviron, Samuel Dequiedt, Sabine Houot, Gérard Lacroix, Jean-françois Le Gaillard, Olivier Guillaume, Francois LafolieAbstract:Human activities have altered continental Ecosystems worldwide and generated a major environmental crisis. To truly develop integrative Ecosystem biology and to assess the consequences of various forcing factors, such as pollutions, we therefore need new approaches and tools that bridge the traditional gap between life and environmental sciences. To deal with that challenge, the infrastructure for Analysis and Experimentation on Ecosystems (AnaEE-France) is an integrated network of the major French experimental, analytical and modeling platforms dedicated to the biological study of continental Ecosystems, both aquatic and terrestrial. This infrastructure aims at understanding and predicting Ecosystem dynamics under global change. It comprises five complementary nodes offering access to the best experimental facilities and associated biological resources and data: Ecotrons, semi-natural experimental platforms to manipulate terrestrial and aquatic Ecosystems, in natura sites equipped for large scale and long-term experiments. AnaEE-France also provides shared instruments and analytical platforms dedicated to environmental (micro)-biology. Finally, AnaEE-France provides users with data bases and modeling tools designed to represent Ecosystem dynamics and to go further in coupling ecological, agronomical and evolutionary approaches. AnaEE-France offers adequate services to tackle the new challenges of Research in ecotoxicology, positioning its various types of platforms in an ecologically advanced ecotoxicology approach. AnaEE-France is a leading international infrastructure and it is pioneering the construction of a European AnaEE infrastructure in the field of Ecosystem Research. This infrastructure is open to the international community of scientists in the field of continental ecotoxicology.
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A coordinated set of Ecosystem Research platforms open to international Research in ecotoxicology, AnaEE-France
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2015Co-Authors: Christian Mougin, Didier Azam, Thierry Caquet, Nathalie Cheviron, Samuel Dequiedt, Jean-françois Le Galliard, Guillaume Olivier, Sabine Houot, Gérard Lacroix, Francois LafolieAbstract:The infrastructure for Analysis and Experimentation on Ecosystems (AnaEE-France) is an integrated network of the major French experimental, analytical, and modeling platforms dedicated to the biological study of continental Ecosystems (aquatic and terrestrial). This infrastructure aims at understanding and predicting Ecosystem dynamics under global change. AnaEE-France comprises complementary nodes offering access to the best experimental facilities and associated biological resources and data: Ecotrons, seminatural experimental platforms to manipulate terrestrial and aquatic Ecosystems, in natura sites equipped for large-scale and long term experiments. AnaEE-France also provides shared instruments and analytical platforms dedicated to environmental (micro) biology. Finally, AnaEEFrance provides users with data bases and modeling tools designed to represent Ecosystem dynamics and to go further in coupling ecological, agronomical, and evolutionary approaches. In particular, AnaEE-France offers adequate services to tackle the new challenges of Research in ecotoxicology, positioning its various types of platforms in an ecologically advanced ecotoxicology approach. AnaEE-France is a leading international infrastructure, and it is pioneering the construction of AnaEE (Europe) infrastructure in the field of Ecosystem Research. AnaEE-France infrastructure is already open to the international community of scientists in the field of continental ecotoxicology.
Maria Schmitt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Does exceeding the critical loads for nitrogen alter nitrate leaching, the nutrient status of trees and their crown condition at Swiss Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research (LWF) sites?
European Journal of Forest Research, 2010Co-Authors: Anne Thimonier, Maria Schmitt, Peter Waldner, Elisabeth Graf Pannatier, Lorenz Walthert, Patrick Schleppi, Matthias Dobbertin, Norbert KräuchiAbstract:Nitrogen (N) deposition exceeds the critical loads for this element in most parts of Switzerland apart from the Alps. At 17 sites (8 broadleaved stands, 8 coniferous stands, and 1 mixed stand) of the Swiss Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research network, we are investigating whether N deposition is associated with the N status of the forest Ecosystems. N deposition, assessed from throughfall measurements, was related to the following indicators: (1) nitrate leaching below the rooting zone (measured on a subset of 9 sites); (2) the N nutrition of the forest stand based on foliar analyses (16 sites); and (3) crown defoliation, a non specific indicator of tree vitality (all 17 sites). Nitrate leaching ranging from about 2 to 16 kg N ha^−1 a^−1 was observed at sites subjected to moderate to high total N deposition (>10 kg ha^−1 a^−1). The C/N ratio of the soil organic layer, or, when it was not present, of the upper 5 cm of the mineral soil, together with the pool of organic carbon in the soil, played a critical role, as previous studies have also found. In addition, the humus type may need to be considered as well. For instance, little nitrate leaching (30 kg ha^−1 a^−1) but characterized by a C/N ratio of 24, large organic C stocks, and a moder humus type. Foliar N concentrations correlated with N deposition in both broadleaved and coniferous stands. In half of the coniferous stands, foliar N concentrations were in the deficiency range. Crown defoliation tended to be negatively correlated with N concentrations in the needles. In the majority of the broadleaved stands, foliar N concentrations were in the optimum nutritional range or, on one beech plot with high total N deposition (>25 kg ha^−1 a^−1), above the optimum values. There was no correlation between the crown defoliation of broadleaved trees and foliar concentrations.
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Atmospheric deposition on Swiss Long-Term Forest Ecosystem Research (LWF) plots.
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2005Co-Authors: Anne Thimonier, Maria Schmitt, Peter Waldner, Beat RihmAbstract:Atmospheric deposition of the major elements was estimated from throughfall and bulk deposition measurements on 13 plots of the Swiss Long-Term Forest Ecosystem Research (LWF) between 1995 and 2001. Independent estimates of the wet and dry deposition of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) on these same plots were gained from combined simplified models. The highest deposition fluxes were measured at Novaggio (Southern Switzerland), exposed to heavy air pollution originating from the Po Plain, with throughfall fluxes averaging 29 kg ha(-1) a(-1) for N and 15 kg ha(-1) a(-1) for S. Low deposition fluxes were measured on the plots above 1800 m, with throughfall fluxes lower than 4.5 kg ha(-1) a(-1) for N and lower than 3 kg ha(-1) a(-1) for S. The wet deposition of N and S derived from bulk deposition was close to the modeled wet deposition, but the dry deposition derived from throughfall was significantly lower than the modeled dry deposition for both compounds. However, both the throughfall method and the model yielded total deposition estimates of N which exceeded the critical loads calculated on the basis of long-term mass balance considerations. These estimates were within or above the range of empirical critical loads except above 1800 m.
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Total deposition of nitrogen on Swiss long-term forest Ecosystem Research (LWF) plots: comparison of the throughfall and the inferential method
Atmospheric Environment, 2005Co-Authors: Maria Schmitt, Peter Waldner, Lotti Thöni, Anne ThimonierAbstract:Abstract The total deposition of nitrogen was estimated at 10 plots in the Swiss Long-Term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme for 1 year (1999/2000) using two methods: (1) the throughfall method, using bulk precipitation and throughfall measurements as input data for the canopy budget model; and (2) the inferential method, based on measurements of ammonia and nitrogen dioxide with passive samplers and deposition velocities taken from literature. The inferential method was coupled with a regression model deriving the other terms of the total deposition of nitrogen (wet deposition, dry deposition of nitric acid and dry deposition of particulate nitrogen) from measurements of the bulk deposition of nitrogen. The two methods gave estimates of the total deposition that correlated significantly with each other, in the range of 5–38 kg ha −1 a −1 , but the inferential method tended to yield higher estimates than those obtained with the throughfall method (median difference +2.4 kg ha −1 a −1 ). In view of the overall agreement of the two methods, the use of passive samplers in the open, coupled with the measurement of bulk deposition, appears, under certain conditions, to be an interesting alternative to the throughfall method.
Peter Waldner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Does exceeding the critical loads for nitrogen alter nitrate leaching, the nutrient status of trees and their crown condition at Swiss Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research (LWF) sites?
European Journal of Forest Research, 2010Co-Authors: Anne Thimonier, Maria Schmitt, Peter Waldner, Elisabeth Graf Pannatier, Lorenz Walthert, Patrick Schleppi, Matthias Dobbertin, Norbert KräuchiAbstract:Nitrogen (N) deposition exceeds the critical loads for this element in most parts of Switzerland apart from the Alps. At 17 sites (8 broadleaved stands, 8 coniferous stands, and 1 mixed stand) of the Swiss Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research network, we are investigating whether N deposition is associated with the N status of the forest Ecosystems. N deposition, assessed from throughfall measurements, was related to the following indicators: (1) nitrate leaching below the rooting zone (measured on a subset of 9 sites); (2) the N nutrition of the forest stand based on foliar analyses (16 sites); and (3) crown defoliation, a non specific indicator of tree vitality (all 17 sites). Nitrate leaching ranging from about 2 to 16 kg N ha^−1 a^−1 was observed at sites subjected to moderate to high total N deposition (>10 kg ha^−1 a^−1). The C/N ratio of the soil organic layer, or, when it was not present, of the upper 5 cm of the mineral soil, together with the pool of organic carbon in the soil, played a critical role, as previous studies have also found. In addition, the humus type may need to be considered as well. For instance, little nitrate leaching (30 kg ha^−1 a^−1) but characterized by a C/N ratio of 24, large organic C stocks, and a moder humus type. Foliar N concentrations correlated with N deposition in both broadleaved and coniferous stands. In half of the coniferous stands, foliar N concentrations were in the deficiency range. Crown defoliation tended to be negatively correlated with N concentrations in the needles. In the majority of the broadleaved stands, foliar N concentrations were in the optimum nutritional range or, on one beech plot with high total N deposition (>25 kg ha^−1 a^−1), above the optimum values. There was no correlation between the crown defoliation of broadleaved trees and foliar concentrations.
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Atmospheric deposition on Swiss Long-Term Forest Ecosystem Research (LWF) plots.
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2005Co-Authors: Anne Thimonier, Maria Schmitt, Peter Waldner, Beat RihmAbstract:Atmospheric deposition of the major elements was estimated from throughfall and bulk deposition measurements on 13 plots of the Swiss Long-Term Forest Ecosystem Research (LWF) between 1995 and 2001. Independent estimates of the wet and dry deposition of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) on these same plots were gained from combined simplified models. The highest deposition fluxes were measured at Novaggio (Southern Switzerland), exposed to heavy air pollution originating from the Po Plain, with throughfall fluxes averaging 29 kg ha(-1) a(-1) for N and 15 kg ha(-1) a(-1) for S. Low deposition fluxes were measured on the plots above 1800 m, with throughfall fluxes lower than 4.5 kg ha(-1) a(-1) for N and lower than 3 kg ha(-1) a(-1) for S. The wet deposition of N and S derived from bulk deposition was close to the modeled wet deposition, but the dry deposition derived from throughfall was significantly lower than the modeled dry deposition for both compounds. However, both the throughfall method and the model yielded total deposition estimates of N which exceeded the critical loads calculated on the basis of long-term mass balance considerations. These estimates were within or above the range of empirical critical loads except above 1800 m.
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Total deposition of nitrogen on Swiss long-term forest Ecosystem Research (LWF) plots: comparison of the throughfall and the inferential method
Atmospheric Environment, 2005Co-Authors: Maria Schmitt, Peter Waldner, Lotti Thöni, Anne ThimonierAbstract:Abstract The total deposition of nitrogen was estimated at 10 plots in the Swiss Long-Term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme for 1 year (1999/2000) using two methods: (1) the throughfall method, using bulk precipitation and throughfall measurements as input data for the canopy budget model; and (2) the inferential method, based on measurements of ammonia and nitrogen dioxide with passive samplers and deposition velocities taken from literature. The inferential method was coupled with a regression model deriving the other terms of the total deposition of nitrogen (wet deposition, dry deposition of nitric acid and dry deposition of particulate nitrogen) from measurements of the bulk deposition of nitrogen. The two methods gave estimates of the total deposition that correlated significantly with each other, in the range of 5–38 kg ha −1 a −1 , but the inferential method tended to yield higher estimates than those obtained with the throughfall method (median difference +2.4 kg ha −1 a −1 ). In view of the overall agreement of the two methods, the use of passive samplers in the open, coupled with the measurement of bulk deposition, appears, under certain conditions, to be an interesting alternative to the throughfall method.
