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Ty S. Schepis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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prescription drug misuse other substance use and sexual identity the significance of Educational Status and psychological distress in us young adults
Substance Abuse, 2020Co-Authors: Dalton L Klare, Jason A. Ford, Sean Esteban Mccabe, Ty S. SchepisAbstract:The aim was to examine the effects of sexual identity, Educational Status, and their interaction on the past-year prevalence of controlled prescription use and prescription drug misuse (PDM) in U.S...
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prescription drug use misuse and related substance use disorder symptoms vary by Educational Status and attainment in u s adolescents and young adults
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2018Co-Authors: Ty S. Schepis, Christian J. Teter, Sean Esteban MccabeAbstract:Abstract Background Prescription drug misuse (PDM) rates are highest in adolescents and young adults. Little research in these high-risk groups has examined PDM differences by Educational Status or attainment. This investigation attempted to further our understanding of adolescent and young adult prescription drug use and misuse through examining PDM type (i.e., nonmedical misuse, medical misuse and mixed misuse) and substance use disorder (SUD) symptoms from PDM by Educational Status/attainment. Methods Data were from the 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, with 13,585 adolescent and 14,553 young adult respondents. Participants were categorized by Educational Status separately in adolescents and young adults. Outcomes were rates of past-year prescription drug use, PDM, PDM type, and SUD symptoms, with analyses performed separately by age group and for opioids, stimulants and sedatives/tranquilizers. Analyses used logistic regression and controlled for age, race/ethnicity and sex. Results In adolescents and across medication classes, the highest rates of any use, PDM, medical misuse, nonmedical misuse and presence of two or more SUD symptoms were seen in those with poor school adjustment or not in school. In young adults, opioid-PDM and related outcomes were more prevalent in those not in school, especially high school dropouts. For stimulants, rates were highest in full-time college students and college graduates. Conclusions These results further suggest the importance of assessing Educational Status in adolescent and Educational attainment in young adult PDM investigations. Adolescents poorly engaged in school or not in school appear especially in need of interventions to limit PDM and associated SUD symptoms.
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Sources of Prescription Medication Misuse Among Young Adults in the United States: The Role of Educational Status.
The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2018Co-Authors: Sean Esteban Mccabe, Christian J. Teter, Carol J. Boyd, Timothy E. Wilens, Ty S. SchepisAbstract:OBJECTIVE This study examined prescription drug misuse (PDM), sources of PDM, and substance use disorder (SUD) symptoms as a function of Educational Status among US young adults based on a large nationally representative sample. METHODS Data from the 2009-2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health came from a sample of 106,845 young adults aged 18-25 years. Respondents were categorized by Educational Status and PDM, sources of PDM, other substance use, and SUD symptoms, with analyses performed separately for prescription opioids, stimulants, and sedatives/tranquilizers. RESULTS Prescription opioid (past-year: 11.9%) and sedative/tranquilizer (past-year: 5.8%) misuse were most prevalent among young adults not attending college, especially among high school dropouts. In contrast, full-time college students and college graduates had the highest rates of prescription stimulant misuse (past-year: 4.3% and 3.9%, respectively). Obtaining prescription medications from friends/relatives for free was the most common source of PDM, especially among college students/graduates. Prescription drug misusers who obtained medications from theft/fake prescriptions, purchases, or multiple sources were more likely to report past-year SUDs and had the most severe overall risk profile of concurrent substance use and SUD. More than 70% of past-month prescription drug misusers who reported multiple sources for PDM had at least 1 past-year SUD. CONCLUSIONS Sources of PDM vary by Educational Status among US young adults, and the college environment is associated with sharing prescription medications. Clinicians can help assess an individual's risk for SUD by determining whether the individual engaged in PDM and the source of prescription medication the individual is misusing.
Sean Esteban Mccabe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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prescription drug misuse other substance use and sexual identity the significance of Educational Status and psychological distress in us young adults
Substance Abuse, 2020Co-Authors: Dalton L Klare, Jason A. Ford, Sean Esteban Mccabe, Ty S. SchepisAbstract:The aim was to examine the effects of sexual identity, Educational Status, and their interaction on the past-year prevalence of controlled prescription use and prescription drug misuse (PDM) in U.S...
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prescription drug use misuse and related substance use disorder symptoms vary by Educational Status and attainment in u s adolescents and young adults
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2018Co-Authors: Ty S. Schepis, Christian J. Teter, Sean Esteban MccabeAbstract:Abstract Background Prescription drug misuse (PDM) rates are highest in adolescents and young adults. Little research in these high-risk groups has examined PDM differences by Educational Status or attainment. This investigation attempted to further our understanding of adolescent and young adult prescription drug use and misuse through examining PDM type (i.e., nonmedical misuse, medical misuse and mixed misuse) and substance use disorder (SUD) symptoms from PDM by Educational Status/attainment. Methods Data were from the 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, with 13,585 adolescent and 14,553 young adult respondents. Participants were categorized by Educational Status separately in adolescents and young adults. Outcomes were rates of past-year prescription drug use, PDM, PDM type, and SUD symptoms, with analyses performed separately by age group and for opioids, stimulants and sedatives/tranquilizers. Analyses used logistic regression and controlled for age, race/ethnicity and sex. Results In adolescents and across medication classes, the highest rates of any use, PDM, medical misuse, nonmedical misuse and presence of two or more SUD symptoms were seen in those with poor school adjustment or not in school. In young adults, opioid-PDM and related outcomes were more prevalent in those not in school, especially high school dropouts. For stimulants, rates were highest in full-time college students and college graduates. Conclusions These results further suggest the importance of assessing Educational Status in adolescent and Educational attainment in young adult PDM investigations. Adolescents poorly engaged in school or not in school appear especially in need of interventions to limit PDM and associated SUD symptoms.
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Sources of Prescription Medication Misuse Among Young Adults in the United States: The Role of Educational Status.
The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2018Co-Authors: Sean Esteban Mccabe, Christian J. Teter, Carol J. Boyd, Timothy E. Wilens, Ty S. SchepisAbstract:OBJECTIVE This study examined prescription drug misuse (PDM), sources of PDM, and substance use disorder (SUD) symptoms as a function of Educational Status among US young adults based on a large nationally representative sample. METHODS Data from the 2009-2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health came from a sample of 106,845 young adults aged 18-25 years. Respondents were categorized by Educational Status and PDM, sources of PDM, other substance use, and SUD symptoms, with analyses performed separately for prescription opioids, stimulants, and sedatives/tranquilizers. RESULTS Prescription opioid (past-year: 11.9%) and sedative/tranquilizer (past-year: 5.8%) misuse were most prevalent among young adults not attending college, especially among high school dropouts. In contrast, full-time college students and college graduates had the highest rates of prescription stimulant misuse (past-year: 4.3% and 3.9%, respectively). Obtaining prescription medications from friends/relatives for free was the most common source of PDM, especially among college students/graduates. Prescription drug misusers who obtained medications from theft/fake prescriptions, purchases, or multiple sources were more likely to report past-year SUDs and had the most severe overall risk profile of concurrent substance use and SUD. More than 70% of past-month prescription drug misusers who reported multiple sources for PDM had at least 1 past-year SUD. CONCLUSIONS Sources of PDM vary by Educational Status among US young adults, and the college environment is associated with sharing prescription medications. Clinicians can help assess an individual's risk for SUD by determining whether the individual engaged in PDM and the source of prescription medication the individual is misusing.
Subhasish Khanda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Educational Status of Tribal Women in West Bengal
International Journal of Research, 2018Co-Authors: Subhasish KhandaAbstract:Present study emphasized the need for tribal development in West Bengal. The overall literacy picture of West Bengal is not satisfactory even in the year 2011 though the percentage of literate persons is 3.04 percent more than national average.The central theme behind the research study is to find out the change of literacy and Educational Status of tribal women of different district of West Bengal form 2001 to 2011.The main objectives of this study was, To find out the Educational Status of tribal women in West Bengal, and to analyze the problems associated with tribal women’s Educational achievement.Thus the study intended to find out Educational Status of tribal women in West Bengal. The entire study is based on secondary data, Census of West Bengal 2001 and 2011 and emphasizes the need for tribal development in West Bengal.It has been found that, in spite of various constitutional provisions and policies for the trials, it is a hard reality that the tribal women still are lagging behind in many respects and they have to face many challenges.Education is a vital instrument to bring about a change in the cultural norms and patterns of life of the tribal women and to change their outlook and made them economically independent. It has been realized that education for tribal women is an essential aspect of development.Thus increasing the literacy rate and providing opportunities for gainful employment for tribal women will be instrumental in bringing about a change in the Status of tribal women in West Bengal to remove different barriers.
Rajeev Gupta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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association of household wealth index Educational Status and social capital with hypertension awareness treatment and control in south asia
American Journal of Hypertension, 2017Co-Authors: Rajeev Gupta, Manmeet Kaur, Shofiqul Islam, Viswanathan Mohan, Prem Mony, Rajesh Kumar, Vellappillil Raman Kutty, Romaina Iqbal, Omar Rahman, Mohan DeepaAbstract:OBJECTIVE Hypertension control rates are low in South Asia. To determine association of measures of socioeconomic Status (wealth, education, and social capital) with hypertension awareness, treatment, and control among urban and rural subjects in these countries we performed the present study. METHODS We enrolled 33,423 subjects aged 35-70 years (women 56%, rural 53%, low-education Status 51%, low household wealth 25%, low-social capital 33%) in 150 communities in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh during 2003-2009. Prevalence of hypertension and its awareness, treatment, and control Status and their association with wealth, education, and social capital were determined. RESULTS Age-, sex-, and location-adjusted prevalence of hypertension in men was 31.5% (23.9-40.2%) and women was 32.6% (24.9-41.5%) with variations in prevalence across study sites (urban 30-56%, rural 11-43%). Prevalence was significantly greater in urban locations, older subjects, and participants with more wealth, greater education, and lower social capital index. Hypertension awareness was in 40.4% (urban 45.9, rural 32.5), treatment in 31.9% (urban 37.6, rural 23.6), and control in 12.9% (urban 15.4, rural 9.3). Control was lower in men and younger subjects. Hypertension awareness, treatment, and control were significantly lower, respectively, in lowest vs. highest wealth index tertile (26.2 vs. 50.6%, 16.9 vs. 44.0%, and 6.9 vs. 17.3%, P < 0.001) and lowest vs. highest Educational Status tertile (31.2 vs. 48.4%, 21.8 vs. 42.1%, and 7.8 vs. 19.2%, P < 0.001) while insignificant differences were observed in lowest vs. highest social capital index (38.2 vs. 36.1%, 35.1 vs. 27.8%, and 12.5 vs. 9.1%). CONCLUSIONS This study shows low hypertension awareness, treatment, and control in South Asia. Lower wealth and Educational Status are important in low hypertension awareness, treatment, and control.
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twenty year trends in cardiovascular risk factors in india and influence of Educational Status
European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 2012Co-Authors: Rajeev Gupta, Aachu Agrawal, Soneil Guptha, V.p. Gupta, Kiran Gaur, Prakash DeedwaniaAbstract:Background: Urban middle-socioeconomic Status (SES) subjects have high burden of cardiovascular risk factors in low-income countries. To determine secular trends in risk factors among this population and to correlate risks with Educational Status we performed epidemiological studies in India.Methods: Five cross-sectional studies were performed in middle-SES urban locations in Jaipur, India from years 1992 to 2010. Cluster sampling was performed. Subjects (men, women) aged 20–59 years evaluated were 712 (459, 253) in 1992–94, 558 (286, 272) in 1999–2001, 374 (179, 195) in 2002–03, 887 (414, 473) in 2004–05, and 530 (324, 206) in 2009–10. Data were obtained by history, anthropometry, and fasting blood glucose and lipids estimation. Response rates varied from 55 to 75%. Mean values and risk factor prevalence were determined. Secular trends were identified using quadratic and log-linear regression and chi-squared for trend.Results: Across the studies, there was high prevalence of overweight, hypertension, and...
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Cardiovascular risk according to Educational Status in India.
Preventive medicine, 2010Co-Authors: Rajeev Gupta, Vijay Kaul, Aachu Agrawal, Soneil Guptha, V.p. GuptaAbstract:Abstract Objective Influence of socioeconomic Status on cardiovascular risk has not been well studied in low income countries. To determine risks in various Educational Status (ES) subjects we performed a study in India. Methods Epidemiological study was performed in years 1999–2003 in Jaipur (India) for coronary risk factors among 1280 adults 20–59 years (men 619, women 661). ES was categorized into low (education ≤ 5 years); middle (6–12 years) and high (> 12 years). Prevalence of risk factors and Framingham risk scores were determined. Results Low ES was in 306, middle in 436 and high in 538. In low, middle and high ES respectively age-adjusted prevalence (%) of smoking was 19.0, 19.3, and 11.7; obesity 9.5, 16.7, and 22.1, hypertension 15.3, 30.5, and 44.0; hypercholesterolemia ≥ 200 mg/dl 46.0, 48.4, and 54.6; low HDL cholesterol trend p Conclusion Low and middle Educational Status urban subjects in India have greater cardiovascular risk.
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smoking Educational Status and health inequity in india
Indian Journal of Medical Research, 2006Co-Authors: Rajeev GuptaAbstract:Health related behaviours, especially smoking and tobacco use, are major determinants of health and lead to health inequities. Smoking leads to acute respiratory diseases, tuberculosis and asthma in younger age groups and non communicable diseases such as chronic lung disease, cardiovascular diseases and cancer in middle and older age. We observed an inverse association of Educational Status with tobacco use (smoking and other forms) in western Indian State of Rajasthan. In successive cross-sectional epidemiological studies- the Jaipur Heart Watch (JHW)- in rural (JHWR; n=3148, men=1982), and urban subjects: JHW-1 (n=2212, men=1415), JHW-2 (n=1124, men=550) and JHW-3 (n=458, men=226), we evaluated various cardiovascular risk factors. The greatest tobacco consumption was observed among the illiterate and low Educational Status subjects (nil, 1-5, 6-10, >10 yr of formal education) as compared to more literate in men (JHW-R 60, 51, 46 and 36% respectively; JHW-1 44, 52, 30 and 18% JHW-2 54, 43, 29 and 24%; and JHW-3 50, 27, 25 and 25%) as well as women (Mantel Haenzel test, P for trend <0.05). In the illiterate subjects the odds ratios (OR) and 95 per cent confidence intervals (CI) for smoking or tobacco use as compared to the highest Educational groups in rural (men OR 2.68, CI 2.02, 3.57; women OR 3.13, CI 1.22, 8.08) as well as larger urban studies- JHW-1 (men OR 2.47, CI 1.70, 3.60; women OR 13.78, CI 3.35, 56.75) and JHW-2 (men OR 3.81; CI 1.90, 7.66; women OR 13.73, CI 1.84, 102.45) were significantly greater (P<0.01). Smoking significantly correlated with prevalence of coronary heart disease and hypertension. Other recent Indian studies and national surveys report similar associations. Health ethicists argue that good education and health lead to true development in an underprivileged society. We propose that improving Educational Status, a major social determinant of health, can lead to appropriate health related behaviours and prevent the epidemics of non communicable diseases in developing countries.
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Smoking, Educational Status and health inequity in India.
The Indian journal of medical research, 2006Co-Authors: Rajeev GuptaAbstract:Health related behaviours, especially smoking and tobacco use, are major determinants of health and lead to health inequities. Smoking leads to acute respiratory diseases, tuberculosis and asthma in younger age groups and non communicable diseases such as chronic lung disease, cardiovascular diseases and cancer in middle and older age. We observed an inverse association of Educational Status with tobacco use (smoking and other forms) in western Indian State of Rajasthan. In successive cross-sectional epidemiological studies- the Jaipur Heart Watch (JHW)- in rural (JHWR; n=3148, men=1982), and urban subjects: JHW-1 (n=2212, men=1415), JHW-2 (n=1124, men=550) and JHW-3 (n=458, men=226), we evaluated various cardiovascular risk factors. The greatest tobacco consumption was observed among the illiterate and low Educational Status subjects (nil, 1-5, 6-10, >10 yr of formal education) as compared to more literate in men (JHW-R 60, 51, 46 and 36% respectively; JHW-1 44, 52, 30 and 18% JHW-2 54, 43, 29 and 24%; and JHW-3 50, 27, 25 and 25%) as well as women (Mantel Haenzel test, P for trend
Christian J. Teter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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prescription drug use misuse and related substance use disorder symptoms vary by Educational Status and attainment in u s adolescents and young adults
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2018Co-Authors: Ty S. Schepis, Christian J. Teter, Sean Esteban MccabeAbstract:Abstract Background Prescription drug misuse (PDM) rates are highest in adolescents and young adults. Little research in these high-risk groups has examined PDM differences by Educational Status or attainment. This investigation attempted to further our understanding of adolescent and young adult prescription drug use and misuse through examining PDM type (i.e., nonmedical misuse, medical misuse and mixed misuse) and substance use disorder (SUD) symptoms from PDM by Educational Status/attainment. Methods Data were from the 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, with 13,585 adolescent and 14,553 young adult respondents. Participants were categorized by Educational Status separately in adolescents and young adults. Outcomes were rates of past-year prescription drug use, PDM, PDM type, and SUD symptoms, with analyses performed separately by age group and for opioids, stimulants and sedatives/tranquilizers. Analyses used logistic regression and controlled for age, race/ethnicity and sex. Results In adolescents and across medication classes, the highest rates of any use, PDM, medical misuse, nonmedical misuse and presence of two or more SUD symptoms were seen in those with poor school adjustment or not in school. In young adults, opioid-PDM and related outcomes were more prevalent in those not in school, especially high school dropouts. For stimulants, rates were highest in full-time college students and college graduates. Conclusions These results further suggest the importance of assessing Educational Status in adolescent and Educational attainment in young adult PDM investigations. Adolescents poorly engaged in school or not in school appear especially in need of interventions to limit PDM and associated SUD symptoms.
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Sources of Prescription Medication Misuse Among Young Adults in the United States: The Role of Educational Status.
The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2018Co-Authors: Sean Esteban Mccabe, Christian J. Teter, Carol J. Boyd, Timothy E. Wilens, Ty S. SchepisAbstract:OBJECTIVE This study examined prescription drug misuse (PDM), sources of PDM, and substance use disorder (SUD) symptoms as a function of Educational Status among US young adults based on a large nationally representative sample. METHODS Data from the 2009-2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health came from a sample of 106,845 young adults aged 18-25 years. Respondents were categorized by Educational Status and PDM, sources of PDM, other substance use, and SUD symptoms, with analyses performed separately for prescription opioids, stimulants, and sedatives/tranquilizers. RESULTS Prescription opioid (past-year: 11.9%) and sedative/tranquilizer (past-year: 5.8%) misuse were most prevalent among young adults not attending college, especially among high school dropouts. In contrast, full-time college students and college graduates had the highest rates of prescription stimulant misuse (past-year: 4.3% and 3.9%, respectively). Obtaining prescription medications from friends/relatives for free was the most common source of PDM, especially among college students/graduates. Prescription drug misusers who obtained medications from theft/fake prescriptions, purchases, or multiple sources were more likely to report past-year SUDs and had the most severe overall risk profile of concurrent substance use and SUD. More than 70% of past-month prescription drug misusers who reported multiple sources for PDM had at least 1 past-year SUD. CONCLUSIONS Sources of PDM vary by Educational Status among US young adults, and the college environment is associated with sharing prescription medications. Clinicians can help assess an individual's risk for SUD by determining whether the individual engaged in PDM and the source of prescription medication the individual is misusing.