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Miroslawa Kupryjanowicz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The east-west migration of trees during the Eemian Interglacial registered on isopollen maps of Poland
Quaternary International, 2018Co-Authors: Miroslawa Kupryjanowicz, Krzysztof Binka, Irena Agnieszka Pidek, Wojciech Granoszewski, Dorota Nalepka, Magdalena Fiłoc, Adam Walanus, Zofia Balwierz, Piotr Kołaczek, Aleksandra MajeckaAbstract:Abstract The directions of the post-Wartanian (post-Saalian) migration of some thermophilous trees and shrubs into the territory of Poland was reconstructed on the basis of isopollen maps, prepared for the Eemian Interglacial based on the palynological data from 187 Polish pollen profiles. Isopollen maps clearly demonstrated, that all thermophilous trees, which appeared in this area in the early Eemian (Quercus, Ulmus, Fraxinus), migrated from the east or north-east. Also Tilia and Alnus, which arrived in the area of Poland in the middle part of the Eemian Interglacial migrated from the east. Picea, which colonized the territory of Poland twice: first at the very early stage of the interglacial, and then in the younger Eemian, migrated from the east and north-east. Only Corylus, Carpinus betulus and Abies alba migrated from other directions (from the south, from the south-west and from the south-west, respectively). Domination of the western and south-western directions of migration routes clearly differentiates the Eemian Interglacial from the Holocene, during which the majority of trees and shrubs migrated into territory of Poland from the south, south-east, south-west and west, and only a few, such as Ulmus and Picea, also from the east and north-east. We assumed that the most probable reason of this difference was a presence of the Wartanian (Saalian) refugia of many trees, including thermophilous taxa, in the Eastern Europe (west Russia or Black See region). From those regions, together with the decay of the ice sheet, these trees migrated directly into Central Europe along the northern slopes of the Carpathians, or at first migrated to the north via regions which were beyond the maximum range of the Saalian, and from there to the west after the ice sheet melted in this part of Europe.
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reaction of lake environment on the climatic cooling transition from the Eemian interglacial to early vistulian on the basis of solniki palaeolake sediments ne poland
Quaternary International, 2015Co-Authors: Joanna Miroslawgrabowska, Monika Niska, Miroslawa KupryjanowiczAbstract:Abstract Results of Cladocera and organic matter analyses from the Eemian lake deposits in Solniki (NE Poland) are presented. We focused on the reaction of the lake's environment to progressive cooling reflected in the changes of the organic matter and the Cladocera community. Approximately 3-m of sediments accumulated from the optimum of the Eemian Interglacial (E5) to the Early Vistulian (EV2) were analyzed. Results of analyses of organic matter correlated with Cladocera data enabled a reconstruction of varying environmental conditions and geneses of organic matter. The organic carbon content is closely related to climatic conditions. The lowest values are recorded in the coldest periods during the ending of the Eemian Interglacial and the Herning stadial of the Early Vistulian. The highest ones occur unexpectedly in the Eemian post-optimum: at the end of the spruce phase and at the beginning of the pine phase. During the Eemian optimum (E5), biodiversity of Cladocera species was maximal (17), but the frequency of specimens was low. At the end of the optimum (E5), an improvement of living conditions, more optimal for various ecological groups of Cladocera took place. Algae remained a significant component of organic matter. The early Eemian post-optimum (E6) is characterized as a period of the high number of zooplankton species, the highest frequency as well as biodiversity. At that time, probably a higher water level and an optimal temperature formed very favorable conditions for the fauna development. During this period, maximal values of TOC, TN and the slight increase of C/N ratio suggest a higher primary productivity with a small supply of organic matter of terrestrial origin. Coexistence of two species of the family Bosminidae and maximum values of δ 15 N suggest a high trophy (β-mesotrophy). High resolution and detailed analyses of the lake sediments accumulated during the pollen zone E7, allowed to identity a few minor environmental fluctuations recorded in varied Cladocera frequency, TOC and C/N ratio. In the final period of the Eemian Interglacial and in the Early Vistulian (Herning stadial), a drastic reduction in frequency of Cladocera and the features of OM (the lowest amounts of TOC and TN, and the highest value of C/N) reflect the decline of lake conditions and a lack of both primary production and aquatic vegetation in the lake. During the Amersfoort interstadial a renewed bioproduction and slightly supply of terrestrial plants in organic matter as well as revitalize zooplankton took place.
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Reaction of lake environment on the climatic cooling – Transition from the Eemian Interglacial to Early Vistulian on the basis of Solniki palaeolake sediments (NE Poland)
Quaternary International, 2015Co-Authors: Joanna Mirosław-grabowska, Monika Niska, Miroslawa KupryjanowiczAbstract:Abstract Results of Cladocera and organic matter analyses from the Eemian lake deposits in Solniki (NE Poland) are presented. We focused on the reaction of the lake's environment to progressive cooling reflected in the changes of the organic matter and the Cladocera community. Approximately 3-m of sediments accumulated from the optimum of the Eemian Interglacial (E5) to the Early Vistulian (EV2) were analyzed. Results of analyses of organic matter correlated with Cladocera data enabled a reconstruction of varying environmental conditions and geneses of organic matter. The organic carbon content is closely related to climatic conditions. The lowest values are recorded in the coldest periods during the ending of the Eemian Interglacial and the Herning stadial of the Early Vistulian. The highest ones occur unexpectedly in the Eemian post-optimum: at the end of the spruce phase and at the beginning of the pine phase. During the Eemian optimum (E5), biodiversity of Cladocera species was maximal (17), but the frequency of specimens was low. At the end of the optimum (E5), an improvement of living conditions, more optimal for various ecological groups of Cladocera took place. Algae remained a significant component of organic matter. The early Eemian post-optimum (E6) is characterized as a period of the high number of zooplankton species, the highest frequency as well as biodiversity. At that time, probably a higher water level and an optimal temperature formed very favorable conditions for the fauna development. During this period, maximal values of TOC, TN and the slight increase of C/N ratio suggest a higher primary productivity with a small supply of organic matter of terrestrial origin. Coexistence of two species of the family Bosminidae and maximum values of δ 15 N suggest a high trophy (β-mesotrophy). High resolution and detailed analyses of the lake sediments accumulated during the pollen zone E7, allowed to identity a few minor environmental fluctuations recorded in varied Cladocera frequency, TOC and C/N ratio. In the final period of the Eemian Interglacial and in the Early Vistulian (Herning stadial), a drastic reduction in frequency of Cladocera and the features of OM (the lowest amounts of TOC and TN, and the highest value of C/N) reflect the decline of lake conditions and a lack of both primary production and aquatic vegetation in the lake. During the Amersfoort interstadial a renewed bioproduction and slightly supply of terrestrial plants in organic matter as well as revitalize zooplankton took place.
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Eemian and early Weichselian Lobelia lakes in northeastern Poland
Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2015Co-Authors: Miroslawa Kupryjanowicz, Danuta Drzymulska, Magdalena FiłocAbstract:The Eemian and early Weichselian (early Vistulian in Polish stratigraphy) Lobelia lakes were investigated in an attempt to reconstruct the palaeoenvironmental conditions of northern Podlasie, northeastern Poland. Lacustrine sediments from six palaeolakes (Choroszczewo, Solniki, Dzierniakowo, Sokolka, Bohoniki and Drahle) were investigated palynologically. Furthermore, macroscopic plant remains were analysed from Bohoniki. Lobelia-lake vegetation was represented by Isoetes, whose microspores were identified in all analysed profiles. In Bohoniki, megaspores of Isoetes lacustris L. were also detected. Patterns of Isoetes occurrence are evidence that during the Eemian interglacial and early Weichselian the existence of Lobelia lakes in northeastern Poland coincided with the boreal climate and the presence of boreal pine forests, which developed in the direct surroundings of the water bodies studied. These communities had the best conditions to develop in the terminal pine phase of the Eemian interglacial (E7 Pinus R PAZ), as well as during the interstadials of the early Weichselian (Brorup and Odderade). All these parts of the Late Pleistocene were relatively cold and humid. There is a similarity in the occurrence of Isoetes between the decline parts of the Eemian interglacial, and the Holocene.
Monika Niska - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Eemian Lakeland of the central Polish Plain: Environmental changes and palaeogeography
Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, 2021Co-Authors: Małgorzata Roman, Joanna Mirosław-grabowska, Monika NiskaAbstract:Abstract The current state of recognition of Eemian/Eemian–Vistulian subfossil flora sites in central Poland is presented, as well as the results of cladoceran and isotopic investigations of the lake-bog successions of five key sites (Ruszkowek, Kaliska, Kublowo, Besiekierz and Parchliny “2014”) and inferred environmental variability. The distribution of 58 sites is also commented on in relation to the origin of palaeolakes, the nature of their infillings and their palaeolandscape. Most (90%) of these palaeolakes were created by the melting of buried ice remaining after the Wartanian (Late Saalian, MIS 6) ice-sheet. It has been determined, from palynostratigraphy, that the decline of postglacial lakes may have taken more than 75,000 years. In the key palaeolakes, the beginning of Cladocera succession started at the end of the Wartanian and finished in the Middle Plenivistulian (MIS 3). The Middle and Late Eemian was a period of intense Cladocera development in terms of biodiversity and specimen frequency. The significant differences in Cladocera succession and development of lakes reflect in detail the significant climate changes taking place between cold and warm periods, and the most pronounced differences result from variations in the morphometry and thus hydrological stability of the investigated palaeolakes. In the largest lakes (Kublowo) the survival chances of organisms increased in difficult times. The studied sediments are characterised by similar geochemical and isotopic features. The Early Eemian warming is expressed by a positive trend in δ18Ocarb and δ13Ccarb and an increasing amount of organic matter. The Late Eemian isotopic fluctuations are probably affected by the sedimentary infilling of the palaeolakes. The Vistulian cooling is reflected by distinctly lower values of δ18Ocarb than in the Eemian. The lowest amounts of total organic carbon are recorded in the coldest periods during the Herning, Rederstall and Schalkholz Stadials, but increased systematically during the warmer periods.
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reaction of lake environment on the climatic cooling transition from the Eemian interglacial to early vistulian on the basis of solniki palaeolake sediments ne poland
Quaternary International, 2015Co-Authors: Joanna Miroslawgrabowska, Monika Niska, Miroslawa KupryjanowiczAbstract:Abstract Results of Cladocera and organic matter analyses from the Eemian lake deposits in Solniki (NE Poland) are presented. We focused on the reaction of the lake's environment to progressive cooling reflected in the changes of the organic matter and the Cladocera community. Approximately 3-m of sediments accumulated from the optimum of the Eemian Interglacial (E5) to the Early Vistulian (EV2) were analyzed. Results of analyses of organic matter correlated with Cladocera data enabled a reconstruction of varying environmental conditions and geneses of organic matter. The organic carbon content is closely related to climatic conditions. The lowest values are recorded in the coldest periods during the ending of the Eemian Interglacial and the Herning stadial of the Early Vistulian. The highest ones occur unexpectedly in the Eemian post-optimum: at the end of the spruce phase and at the beginning of the pine phase. During the Eemian optimum (E5), biodiversity of Cladocera species was maximal (17), but the frequency of specimens was low. At the end of the optimum (E5), an improvement of living conditions, more optimal for various ecological groups of Cladocera took place. Algae remained a significant component of organic matter. The early Eemian post-optimum (E6) is characterized as a period of the high number of zooplankton species, the highest frequency as well as biodiversity. At that time, probably a higher water level and an optimal temperature formed very favorable conditions for the fauna development. During this period, maximal values of TOC, TN and the slight increase of C/N ratio suggest a higher primary productivity with a small supply of organic matter of terrestrial origin. Coexistence of two species of the family Bosminidae and maximum values of δ 15 N suggest a high trophy (β-mesotrophy). High resolution and detailed analyses of the lake sediments accumulated during the pollen zone E7, allowed to identity a few minor environmental fluctuations recorded in varied Cladocera frequency, TOC and C/N ratio. In the final period of the Eemian Interglacial and in the Early Vistulian (Herning stadial), a drastic reduction in frequency of Cladocera and the features of OM (the lowest amounts of TOC and TN, and the highest value of C/N) reflect the decline of lake conditions and a lack of both primary production and aquatic vegetation in the lake. During the Amersfoort interstadial a renewed bioproduction and slightly supply of terrestrial plants in organic matter as well as revitalize zooplankton took place.
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Reaction of lake environment on the climatic cooling – Transition from the Eemian Interglacial to Early Vistulian on the basis of Solniki palaeolake sediments (NE Poland)
Quaternary International, 2015Co-Authors: Joanna Mirosław-grabowska, Monika Niska, Miroslawa KupryjanowiczAbstract:Abstract Results of Cladocera and organic matter analyses from the Eemian lake deposits in Solniki (NE Poland) are presented. We focused on the reaction of the lake's environment to progressive cooling reflected in the changes of the organic matter and the Cladocera community. Approximately 3-m of sediments accumulated from the optimum of the Eemian Interglacial (E5) to the Early Vistulian (EV2) were analyzed. Results of analyses of organic matter correlated with Cladocera data enabled a reconstruction of varying environmental conditions and geneses of organic matter. The organic carbon content is closely related to climatic conditions. The lowest values are recorded in the coldest periods during the ending of the Eemian Interglacial and the Herning stadial of the Early Vistulian. The highest ones occur unexpectedly in the Eemian post-optimum: at the end of the spruce phase and at the beginning of the pine phase. During the Eemian optimum (E5), biodiversity of Cladocera species was maximal (17), but the frequency of specimens was low. At the end of the optimum (E5), an improvement of living conditions, more optimal for various ecological groups of Cladocera took place. Algae remained a significant component of organic matter. The early Eemian post-optimum (E6) is characterized as a period of the high number of zooplankton species, the highest frequency as well as biodiversity. At that time, probably a higher water level and an optimal temperature formed very favorable conditions for the fauna development. During this period, maximal values of TOC, TN and the slight increase of C/N ratio suggest a higher primary productivity with a small supply of organic matter of terrestrial origin. Coexistence of two species of the family Bosminidae and maximum values of δ 15 N suggest a high trophy (β-mesotrophy). High resolution and detailed analyses of the lake sediments accumulated during the pollen zone E7, allowed to identity a few minor environmental fluctuations recorded in varied Cladocera frequency, TOC and C/N ratio. In the final period of the Eemian Interglacial and in the Early Vistulian (Herning stadial), a drastic reduction in frequency of Cladocera and the features of OM (the lowest amounts of TOC and TN, and the highest value of C/N) reflect the decline of lake conditions and a lack of both primary production and aquatic vegetation in the lake. During the Amersfoort interstadial a renewed bioproduction and slightly supply of terrestrial plants in organic matter as well as revitalize zooplankton took place.
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palaeoecological investigations and 230th u dating of Eemian interglacial peat sequence of banzin mecklenburg western pomerania ne germany
Quaternary International, 2015Co-Authors: Andreas Borner, Monika Niska, Anna Hrynowiecka, Vladislav Kuznetsov, Renata Stachowiczrybka, F E Maksimov, V A Grigoriev, Magdalena Moskaldel HoyoAbstract:Abstract A novel occurrence of an Eemian interglacial peat was identified in 2011 in a short-lived outcrop of the NEL-pipeline trench, near the village of Banzin, Germany. The profiles are situated in a shallow kettle hole within the undulated landscape of the Saalian glaciation. The distribution of dominantly till lithofacies in the Banzin area confirms the regional trend of Saalian tills with a locally higher abundance of Cretaceous clasts. In the Banzin kettle, at a depth of 2.2 m, lies a 0.5-m thick, strongly compressed Eemian peat layer. The buried Eemian peat layer is deformed by ice-wedge pseudo-morphological and mega crack structures, indicating a strong periglacial influence during Weichselian stadial phases. The post-Eemian sequence is subdivided into three units, beginning with a mixture of aeolian and gelifluction deposits, which are also modified by cryostructures. The top of the Banzin sequence is covered by a 0.5-m thick colluvisol layer of redeposited humic loam from the Late Weichselian/Holocene. The uppermost unit suggests that solifluction processes occurred in the last few hundred years, likely driven by intensive anthropogenic influence. Limnic sedimentation began during the Late Saalian period in a landscape characterized by herbaceous vegetation and heliophytes. During the latest interval of Saalian deglaciation, shallow waters of the basin most likely attained a depth below 3 m and were abundant in calcium carbonate. The beginning of Eemian interglacial peat accumulation (MIS 5e) is characterized by a dominance of light birch forests followed by pine. The ensuing optimum climate was dominated by the encroachment of oak forests and then hazel-oak forest, and sedimentation ceased in the basin during this phase. At the climatic optimum (PZ III/IV), the Eemian peat included remains of Ceratophyllum submersum and species of higher temperature requirements. The Banzin basin gradually became shallower and overgrown until the closing of its open water at the end of phase III/IVa. The lack of Cladocera species composition in the Eemian sequence proves isolated conditions of a shallow reservoir. We present the first results from NE-Germany for Eemian peat bog samples dated by the U–Th disequilibrium method ( 230 Th/U), using leachate alone (L/L) and total sample dissolution (TSD) analytical techniques. Isochron-corrected 230 Th/U ages of 118 ± 8/10 ka (L/L) and 121 ± 9/13 ka (TSD) were obtained. Both 230 Th/U dates ∼118–121 ka, obtained using two different techniques, confirm the biostratigraphical classification into the Eemian interglacial.
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Development of Kubłowo Palaeolake in Central Poland During Eemian Based on Subfossil Cladocera Analysis – Preliminary Results
Studia Quaternaria, 2014Co-Authors: Monika Niska, Małgorzata RomanAbstract:The results of analysis of Cladocera occurrence in lacustrine sediments from the Kubłowo site have been presented. Lacustrine and peat deposits found there have been previously an analyzed for pollen content (depth of 11.1-3.8 m) and represent a longest continuous Eemian-Vistulian succession in central Po land (Roman and Balwierz, 2010). Cladocera analysis was carried out on 25 samples from the depth of 9.20-10.5 m of an Eemian age section. The section consists of fine organic sand, silt with organic matter and gyttja. Identified were 19 species of subfossil Cladocera and five zones of fauna development were distinguished. In the early and mid-Eemian low frequency zooplankton in the palaeolake has been found. Best conditions for zooplankton development occurred in the late Eemian (R PAZ E6, E7). At the end of the Eemian a significant change of climate in a deterioration of environmental conditions and decreased presence of zoo plank ton has been noted. Cladocera results and the pollen data enable a reconstruction of the climatic and environmental changes in the Kubłowo palaeolake
P. Cleveringa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Age and climate of the late Saalian and early Eemian in the type-area, Amsterdam basin, The Netherlands
Quaternary Science Reviews, 2006Co-Authors: D.j. Beets, C.j. Beets, P. CleveringaAbstract:Lake deposits of late Saalian (MIS 6) and early Eemian (MIS 5e) age in glacially excavated basins in the central part of the Netherlands provide a high-resolution stable isotope and pollen record of the glacial-interglacial transition. Late Saalian warm conditions were interrupted by a cold dry interval at the Saalian-Eemian boundary, which we correlate to the Kattegat Stadial and Heinrich Event 11. This cold interval ties our continental climate record to that of the marine oxygen isotope-based time scale. Oxygen isotope data from this sequence indicate that the subsequent early Eemian saw a quick recovery to warm, interglacial climatic conditions, which was reached already during the pioneer phase of the vegetation. The sea transgressed the lake ∼1 kyr after the start of the Eemian and highstand was reached ∼2 kyr later. Precipitation increased just prior to transgression of the sea into the lake, causing important changes in the vegetation. Transgression of the isostatically rebounding area, once covered by the Baltic ice sheet, is of early Eemian age, and becomes younger from the former centre of the ice sheet along the Baltic Sea to its margin in the Netherlands. The highstand cannot precede the start of the Eemian as the area was emerging. Assuming that the effect of the isostatic rebound is small along the margin of the former ice sheet, and by using the Australian U/Th ages of the Eemian highstand coral reefs combined with the duration of the Eemian pollen zones derived from the annually layered lake deposits of Bispingen, it is concluded that the Eemian in the Netherlands starts at ∼131 ka. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
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Age and climate of the late Saalian and early Eemian in the type-area, Amsterdam basin, The Netherlands
Quaternary Science Reviews, 2005Co-Authors: D.j. Beets, C.j. Beets, P. CleveringaAbstract:Abstract Lake deposits of late Saalian (MIS 6) and early Eemian (MIS 5e) age in glacially excavated basins in the central part of the Netherlands provide a high-resolution stable isotope and pollen record of the glacial–interglacial transition. Late Saalian warm conditions were interrupted by a cold dry interval at the Saalian–Eemian boundary, which we correlate to the Kattegat Stadial and Heinrich Event 11. This cold interval ties our continental climate record to that of the marine oxygen isotope-based time scale. Oxygen isotope data from this sequence indicate that the subsequent early Eemian saw a quick recovery to warm, interglacial climatic conditions, which was reached already during the pioneer phase of the vegetation. The sea transgressed the lake ∼1 kyr after the start of the Eemian and highstand was reached ∼2 kyr later. Precipitation increased just prior to transgression of the sea into the lake, causing important changes in the vegetation. Transgression of the isostatically rebounding area, once covered by the Baltic ice sheet, is of early Eemian age, and becomes younger from the former centre of the ice sheet along the Baltic Sea to its margin in the Netherlands. The highstand cannot precede the start of the Eemian as the area was emerging. Assuming that the effect of the isostatic rebound is small along the margin of the former ice sheet, and by using the Australian U/Th ages of the Eemian highstand coral reefs combined with the duration of the Eemian pollen zones derived from the annually layered lake deposits of Bispingen, it is concluded that the Eemian in the Netherlands starts at ∼131 ka.
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Palaeoenvironmental reconstruction and OSL dating of terrestrial Eemian deposits in the southeastern Netherlands
Journal of Quaternary Science, 2004Co-Authors: Jeroen Schokker, P. Cleveringa, Andrew S. MurrayAbstract:The Roer Valley Graben in the southeastern Netherlands is a subsiding area situated just south of the maximum extent of the Pleistocene glaciations. In this area, Eemian (marine isotope stage 5e) clastic and organic deposits have been preserved in a terrestrial sedimentary environment. Deposition took place in the early Eemian (regional pollen zones E2–E3) and late Eemian (E5–E6A–E6B). The sedimentary sequence contains a hiatus during the E4A–E4B–E5 regional pollen zones. Sedimentary and palynological data reveal that both the presence and extent of the Eemian deposits are intimately linked to the local groundwater-level history and clastic sediment flux. Changes in these environmental factors are likely to be related to changes in the global climate. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating has been applied to provide an absolute time frame for the Late Quaternary deposits in the area. This study is thereby the first to present a reliable quartz OSL dating (114±12 ka) for terrestrial Eemian deposits in The Netherlands. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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The Eemian stage in the Netherlands : history, character and new research
Netherlands Journal of Geosciences, 2000Co-Authors: J.h.a. Bosch, P. Cleveringa, T. MeijerAbstract:A historical outline of the Eemian research in the Netherlands is presented as an introduction to recent research in the type area. At the end of the 19th and during the first part of the 20th century, Eemian sediments were recognized because of the presence of lusitanian and mediterranean mollusc species. From 1930 onwards, pollen analysis made it possible to identify also non-shell-bearing deposits and to equate them with the Eemian. At the same time this technique proved a valuable tool for understanding the vegetation development during this interglacial. Pollen zonation offered a unique possibility for the correlation of terrestrial sequences in North-West Europe. The type area of the Eemian, near Amersfoort, was described by Harting in 1874 and was comprehensively restudied by Zagwijn (1961). A pollen zonation was introduced as a standard for the Netherlands, allowing the correlation of pollen records from both marine and non-marine depositional environments. This enabled a more detailed temporal resolution, resulting in a better understanding of the distribution of the various environments in the type area. In the northern and central parts of the Netherlands, the identification of the marine sequence was, apart from the occurrence of the specific mollusc fauna, facilitated by the presence of a till of Saalian age underlying the Eemian deposits. The presence of deep glacial basins in these areas enabled the deposition and preservation of a complete Eemian record in a marine setting. Sediment accumulation in the basins began immediately following deglaciation at the end of the Saalian. The Eemian type sections at Amersfoort are situated near the margin of one of these basins. Recent research of the Eemian focused on the integration of lithostratigraphic evidence and information on the sedimentary environment as derived from diatoms, dinoflagellates, foraminifers, molluscs and pollen.
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Stratigraphy and integrated facies analysis of the Saalian and Eemian sediments in the Amsterdam-Terminal borehole, the Netherlands
Netherlands Journal of Geosciences, 2000Co-Authors: R.j.w. Van Leeuwen, D.j. Beets, P. Cleveringa, J.h. Aleid Bosch, A.w. Burger, Dick Van Harten, G.f. Waldemar Herngreen, Rink W. Kruk, Cor G. Langereis, T. MeijerAbstract:The Amsterdam glacial basin was a major sedimentary sink from late Saalian until late Eemian (Picea zone, E6) times. The basin's exemplary record makes it a potential reference area for the last interglacial stage. The cored Amsterdam-Terminal borehole was drilled in 1997 to provide a record throughout the Eemian interglacial. Integrated facies analysis has resulted in a detailed reconstruction of the sedimentary history. After the Saalian ice mass had disappeared from the area, a large, deep lake had come into being, fed by the Rhine river. At the end of the glacial, the lake became smaller because it was cut off from the river-water supply, and eventually only a number of shallow pools remained in the Amsterdam basin. During the early Eemian (Betula zone, E1), a seepage lake existed at the site. The lake deepened under the influence of a steadily rising sea level and finally evolved into a silled lagoon (late Quercus zone, E3). Initially, the lagoon water had fairly stable stratification, but as the sea level continued to rise the sill lost its significance, the lagoon becoming well mixed by the middle of the Corylus/Taxus zone (E4b). The phase of free exchange with the open sea ended in the early Carpinus zone (E5), when barriers developed in the sill area causing the lagoon to become stratified again. During the Late Eemian (late E5), a more dynamic system developed. The sandy barriers that had obstructed exchange with the open sea were no longer effective, and a tidally-influenced coastal lagoon formed. The Eemian sedimentary history shown in the Amsterdam-Terminal borehole is intimately connected with the sea-level history. Because the site includes both a high-resolution pollen signal and a record of sea-level change, it has potential for correlation on various scales. Palaeomagnetic results show that the sediments predate the Blake Event, which confirms that this reversal excursion is relatively young. The U/Th age of the uppermost part of the Eemian sequence is 118.2 ± 6.3 ka.
Matti Eronen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Diatom succession of a dislocated Eemian sediment sequence at Mommark, South Denmark
Boreas, 2008Co-Authors: Heikki Haila, Arto Miettinen, Matti EronenAbstract:The Mommark sequence represents a nearly complete record of sedimentation in the Eemian (MIS 5e), and the diatom succession covers almost the entire interglacial. A floating chronology of the deposits is based on correlation of the local pollen stratigraphy with annually laminated sequences in northern Germany. The diatom succession starts with a short freshwater stage followed by a similarly episodic transitional brackish phase, which began c. 300 years after the beginning of the Eemian interglacial. A few hundred years later, simultaneously with the start of deposition of the shallow marine sediment, Cyprina Clay, the flora turns almost fully marine, suggesting salinities clearly higher than at present. The culmination of the marine transgression occurs close to the climatic optimum of the Eemian interglacial, c. 3000 years after the beginning of the interglacial. In the several metres thick Cyprina Clay, only marginal changes in the composition of diatom taxa are noticed. According to the diatom stratigraphy and chronostratigraphy based on regional pollen zones, the total duration of the Eemian Sea phase with brackish/marine conditions was c. 10 500 years. As the sedimentation of the Cyprina Clay ends, the proportions of diatom species thriving in freshwater increase, but the marine taxa remain common. The mixture of species with non-compatible ecological requirements suggests allochthonous input from freshwater and/or tidal estuary environment. The results of this study are consistent with studies of other aquatic fossil assemblage data from this site.
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Eemian crustal deformation in the eastern Baltic area in the light of the new sites at Peski, Russia and Põhja-Uhtju, Estonia
Quaternary International, 2005Co-Authors: Arto Miettinen, Katja Rinne, Heikki Haila, Hannu Hyvärinen, Matti EronenAbstract:Abstract Several Eemian (Mikulino) marine deposits are known from the northwestern part of Russia and from Estonia. The best-known deposits are situated at Mga, Russia and at Prangli, Estonia. Two new sites with clayey and silty deposits covered by till were studied for pollen and diatoms at Peski, Russia and Pohja-Uhtju, Estonia. At Peski, the deposit representing the Eemian Interglacial is 3.8 m thick at the depth of 13.4–9.6 m above present sea-level. At Pohja-Uhtju, the deposit representing the Eemian is 3.5 m thick at the depth of 47.9–51.4 m below present sea-level. Although Peski is situated at a higher altitude than Pohja-Uhtju at present, the diatom stratigraphy at these sites indicates deeper and more saline conditions in the Peski area than at Pohja-Uhtju during the Eemian. This result is similar to some previous studies, which indicate, that although the Russian deposits (e.g. Peski, Mga) are now at a higher altitude than those in Estonia (Pohja-Uhtju and Prangli), the diatoms in the Russian deposits are indicative of a considerable depth of water during the time of deposition. These deposits suggest that the Eemian shore levels ascend from Estonia eastwards, while the Late Weichselian and Holocene shorelines tilt downwards in the same general direction. The present material from Estonia and northwestern part of Russia shows marked differences between the Eemian and Late Weichselian/Holocene crustal deformations, which probably resulted from different ice loads during the final glaciation phases and probably also from different deglaciation patterns during the Saalian and Late Weichselian.
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The marine Eemian of the Baltic: New pollen and diatom data from Peski, Russia, and Pohja-Uhtju, Estonia
Journal of Quaternary Science, 2002Co-Authors: Arto Miettinen, Matti Eronen, Katja Rinne, Heikki Haila, Hannu Hyvärinen, Irina Delusina, Ene Kadastik, Volli Kalm, Philip L. GibbardAbstract:Several relatively well-preserved last interglacial (Eemian, marine oxygen isotope substage 5e; ca. 130–116 ka) deposits containing marine diatom flora have been found in Finland. In addition to these Finnish sites, more numerous Eemian (Mikulino) marine deposits are known from the northwestern part of Russia and from Estonia. Two new clayey and silty deposits covered by till, one at Peski, Russia, and the other Pohja-Uhtju, Estonia, were studied for pollen and diatom content. At Peski, the deposit representing the Eemian interglacial is 3.8 m thick. The polyhalobous diatom flora in the Corylus and Carpinus zones indicates the maximum of the marine transgression during the climatic optimum. Later, the increasing proportion of brackish water diatom flora indicates a lowering in the relative sea-level, and finally, during a very late phase of the Eemian, the sharply increasing proportion of freshwater species indicates the isolation of the sedimentary basin from the Eemian Sea. At Pohja-Uhtju, according to the pollen, the Eemian deposit is 3.5 m thick. Diatoms occur only in a layer 1.6 m thick, which represents the period of Corylus and Carpinus zones, and thus the period of the climatic optimum. The brackish–marine diatom flora consists mainly of littoral, shallow-water species. Although Peski is situated at a higher altitude than Pohja-Uhtju at present, the diatom stratigraphy at Peski indicates deeper and more saline conditions than at Pohja-Uhtju during the Eemian. This probably is the result of variations in glacio-isostatic rebound between these sites, which can be accounted for by differences of the ice load during the final phase of the Saalian glaciation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Diatom succession of a dislocated Eemian sediment sequence at Mommark, South Denmark
Boreas, 2008Co-Authors: Heikki Haila, Arto Miettinen, Matti EronenAbstract:The Mommark sequence represents a nearly complete record of sedimentation in the Eemian (MIS 5e), and the diatom succession covers almost the entire interglacial. A floating chronology of the deposits is based on correlation of the local pollen stratigraphy with annually laminated sequences in northern Germany. The diatom succession starts with a short freshwater stage followed by a similarly episodic transitional brackish phase, which began c. 300 years after the beginning of the Eemian interglacial. A few hundred years later, simultaneously with the start of deposition of the shallow marine sediment, Cyprina Clay, the flora turns almost fully marine, suggesting salinities clearly higher than at present. The culmination of the marine transgression occurs close to the climatic optimum of the Eemian interglacial, c. 3000 years after the beginning of the interglacial. In the several metres thick Cyprina Clay, only marginal changes in the composition of diatom taxa are noticed. According to the diatom stratigraphy and chronostratigraphy based on regional pollen zones, the total duration of the Eemian Sea phase with brackish/marine conditions was c. 10 500 years. As the sedimentation of the Cyprina Clay ends, the proportions of diatom species thriving in freshwater increase, but the marine taxa remain common. The mixture of species with non-compatible ecological requirements suggests allochthonous input from freshwater and/or tidal estuary environment. The results of this study are consistent with studies of other aquatic fossil assemblage data from this site.
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Eemian crustal deformation in the eastern Baltic area in the light of the new sites at Peski, Russia and Põhja-Uhtju, Estonia
Quaternary International, 2005Co-Authors: Arto Miettinen, Katja Rinne, Heikki Haila, Hannu Hyvärinen, Matti EronenAbstract:Abstract Several Eemian (Mikulino) marine deposits are known from the northwestern part of Russia and from Estonia. The best-known deposits are situated at Mga, Russia and at Prangli, Estonia. Two new sites with clayey and silty deposits covered by till were studied for pollen and diatoms at Peski, Russia and Pohja-Uhtju, Estonia. At Peski, the deposit representing the Eemian Interglacial is 3.8 m thick at the depth of 13.4–9.6 m above present sea-level. At Pohja-Uhtju, the deposit representing the Eemian is 3.5 m thick at the depth of 47.9–51.4 m below present sea-level. Although Peski is situated at a higher altitude than Pohja-Uhtju at present, the diatom stratigraphy at these sites indicates deeper and more saline conditions in the Peski area than at Pohja-Uhtju during the Eemian. This result is similar to some previous studies, which indicate, that although the Russian deposits (e.g. Peski, Mga) are now at a higher altitude than those in Estonia (Pohja-Uhtju and Prangli), the diatoms in the Russian deposits are indicative of a considerable depth of water during the time of deposition. These deposits suggest that the Eemian shore levels ascend from Estonia eastwards, while the Late Weichselian and Holocene shorelines tilt downwards in the same general direction. The present material from Estonia and northwestern part of Russia shows marked differences between the Eemian and Late Weichselian/Holocene crustal deformations, which probably resulted from different ice loads during the final glaciation phases and probably also from different deglaciation patterns during the Saalian and Late Weichselian.
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The marine Eemian of the Baltic: New pollen and diatom data from Peski, Russia, and Pohja-Uhtju, Estonia
Journal of Quaternary Science, 2002Co-Authors: Arto Miettinen, Matti Eronen, Katja Rinne, Heikki Haila, Hannu Hyvärinen, Irina Delusina, Ene Kadastik, Volli Kalm, Philip L. GibbardAbstract:Several relatively well-preserved last interglacial (Eemian, marine oxygen isotope substage 5e; ca. 130–116 ka) deposits containing marine diatom flora have been found in Finland. In addition to these Finnish sites, more numerous Eemian (Mikulino) marine deposits are known from the northwestern part of Russia and from Estonia. Two new clayey and silty deposits covered by till, one at Peski, Russia, and the other Pohja-Uhtju, Estonia, were studied for pollen and diatom content. At Peski, the deposit representing the Eemian interglacial is 3.8 m thick. The polyhalobous diatom flora in the Corylus and Carpinus zones indicates the maximum of the marine transgression during the climatic optimum. Later, the increasing proportion of brackish water diatom flora indicates a lowering in the relative sea-level, and finally, during a very late phase of the Eemian, the sharply increasing proportion of freshwater species indicates the isolation of the sedimentary basin from the Eemian Sea. At Pohja-Uhtju, according to the pollen, the Eemian deposit is 3.5 m thick. Diatoms occur only in a layer 1.6 m thick, which represents the period of Corylus and Carpinus zones, and thus the period of the climatic optimum. The brackish–marine diatom flora consists mainly of littoral, shallow-water species. Although Peski is situated at a higher altitude than Pohja-Uhtju at present, the diatom stratigraphy at Peski indicates deeper and more saline conditions than at Pohja-Uhtju during the Eemian. This probably is the result of variations in glacio-isostatic rebound between these sites, which can be accounted for by differences of the ice load during the final phase of the Saalian glaciation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.