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Jiande Dz Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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auricular vagal nerve stimulation improves constipation by enhancing colon motility via the central vagal Efferent Pathway in opioid induced constipated rats
Neuromodulation, 2021Co-Authors: Jieyun Yin, Yiling Zhang, Yan Meng, Alimujiang Maisiyiti, Yan Dong, Yan Chen, Jiande Dz ChenAbstract:OBJECTIVES Constipation and opioid-induced constipation (OIC) are common with limited treatment options. We investigated whether a noninvasive method of auricular vagal nerve stimulation (aVNS) could be used for treating OIC and explored its potential mechanisms and neural Pathways in a rodent model of OIC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley were chronically implanted with one pair of auricular electrodes for aVNS. Sixteen rats were treated with loperamide for a week while another 16 rats received bilateral vagotomy, then randomly treated with aVNS or sham-aVNS for a week. In addition, eight normal rats were implanted with a polyethylene catheter in the proximal colon for assessing whole colon transit. RESULTS 1) The number of fecal pellets and water content in feces increased after aVNS, compared with sham-aVNS. 2) aVNS accelerated colon transit and whole gut transit, compared with sham-aVNS. 3) In colon tissues, aVNS increased the protein expression of choline acetyltransferase, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and the c-kit expression in myenteric interstitial cells of Cajal but decreased the protein expression of neural nitric oxide synthase (p < 0.05 for all, vs. sham-VNS). 4) The prokinetic effects of aVNS were abolished by both subdiaphragmatic vagotomy and atropine. 5) aVNS increased the c-fos expression in both nucleus tractus solitarius and dorsal motor nucleus of vagus, and increased vagal Efferent activity (p < 0.05, vs. sham-VNS). CONCLUSIONS aVNS improves OIC by enhancing colon motility and restoring enteric neural functions mediated via the central and vagal Efferent Pathway.
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effects of electroacupuncture on stress induced gastric dysrhythmia and mechanisms involving autonomic and central nervous systems in functional dyspepsia
American Journal of Physiology-regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 2020Co-Authors: Sujuan Zhang, Robert D Foreman, Yi Liu, Jiande Dz ChenAbstract:Electroacupuncture (EA) is widely used as an effective method to treat stress-related disorders. However, its mechanisms remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of EA on gastric slow wave (GSW) dysrhythmia and c-Fos expression in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) induced by stress in a rodent model of functional dyspepsia (FD). Rats in the neonatal stage were treated using intragastric iodoacetamide. Eight weeks later, the rats were implanted with electrodes in the stomach for the measurement of GSW and electrodes into accupoints ST36 for EA. Autonomic functions were assessed by spectral analysis of heart rate variability. Rats were placed for 30 min in a cylindrical plastic tube for acute restraint stress. The involvement of a central afferent Pathway was assessed by measuring c-Fos-immunoreactive cells in the NTS. 1) EA normalized restraint stress-induced impairment of GSW in FD rats. 2) EA significantly increased vagal activity (P = 0.002) and improved sympathovagal balance (P = 0.004) under stress in FD rats. 3) In FD rats under restraint stress, plasma norepinephrine concentration was increased substantially (P < 0.01), which was suppressed with EA. 4) The EA group showed increased c-Fos-positive cell counts in the NTS compared with the sham EA group (P < 0.05) in FD rats. Acute restraint stress induces gastric dysrhythmia in a rodent model of FD. EA at ST36 improves GSW under stress in FD rats mediated via the central and autonomic Pathways, involving the NTS and vagal Efferent Pathway.
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anti inflammatory effects of sacral nerve stimulation a novel spinal afferent and vagal Efferent Pathway
American Journal of Physiology-gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 2020Co-Authors: Payam Gharibani, Nina Zhang, Jieyun Yin, Jiande Dz ChenAbstract:Sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) was reported to improve 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in rats. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the SNS anti-inflammatory effect is mediated via the local sacral splanchnic nerve or the spinal afferent-vagal Efferent-colon Pathway. Under general anesthesia, rats were administrated with TNBS intrarectally, and bipolar SNS electrodes were implanted unilaterally at S3. The sacral and vagal nerves were severed at different locations for the assessment of the neural Pathway. SNS for 10 days improved colonic inflammation only in groups with intact afferent sacral nerve and vagus Efferent nerve. SNS markedly increased acetylcholine and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) and decreased myeloperoxidase and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-17A, and TNF-α) in colon tissues. SNS increased the number of c-fos-positive cells in the brain stem and normalized vagal activity measured by spectral analysis of heart rate variability. SNS exerts an anti-inflammatory effect on TNBS-induced colitis by enhancing vagal activity mediated mainly via the spinal afferent-brain stem-vagal Efferent-colon Pathway.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our findings support that there is a possible sacral afferent-vagal Efferent Pathway that can transmit sacral nerve stimulation to the colon tissue. Sacral nerve stimulation can be carried out by spinal cord afferent to the brain stem and then by the vagal nerve (Efferent) to the target organ.
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ameliorating effects of sacral neuromodulation on gastric and small intestinal dysmotility mediated via a sacral afferent vagal Efferent Pathway
Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 2020Co-Authors: Ximeng Wang, Shengai Zhang, Pankaj J Pasricha, Jiande Dz ChenAbstract:BACKGROUND/AIMS: In a recent study of sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) for colonic inflammation, a possible spinal-vagal Pathway was implicated. The aim of this study was to provide evidence for such a Pathway by investigating the effects of SNS on dysmotility of the stomach and duodenum that are not directly innervated by the sacral Efferents. METHODS: Twenty-seven rats were chronically implanted with wire electrodes for SNS and gastrointestinal slow waves. SNS was performed in several acute sessions to investigate its effects on gastric/duodenal slow waves and emptying/transit impaired by glucagon and rectal distention (RD). RESULTS: (a) SNS increased the percentage of normal gastric slow waves impaired by glucagon (from 53.9% to 77.0%, P < .0001) and RD (from 64% to 78%, P = .037). This improvement was abolished by atropine. (b) Similar effects were observed with SNS on duodenal slow waves, which was also blocked by atropine. (c) SNS normalized delayed gastric emptying induced by glucagon (control: 61.3%, glucagon: 44.3%, glucagon + SNS: 65.8%) and RD (control: 61.3%, RD: 46.7%, RD + SNS: 64.3%). It also normalized small intestinal transit delayed by RD (P = .001, RD + SNS vs RD; P = .9, RD + SNS vs control). (4) Both glucagon and RD induced an increase in the sympathovagal ratio (P = .007, glucagon vs baseline; P < .001, RD vs baseline) and SNS decreased the ratio (P = .006, glucagon + SNS vs glucagon; P = .04, RD + SNS vs RD). CONCLUSIONS: Neuromodulation of the sacral nerve improves gastric and small intestinal pacemaking activity and transit impaired by glucagon and RD by normalizing the sympathovagal balance via a retrograde neural Pathway from the sacral nerve to vagal Efferents.
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sacral nerve stimulation increases gastric accommodation in rats a spinal afferent and vagal Efferent Pathway
American Journal of Physiology-gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 2020Co-Authors: Feng Ye, Shiying Li, Sujuan Zhang, Robert D Foreman, Jiande Dz ChenAbstract:Currently, there is no adequate medical therapy for impaired gastric accommodation, since medications that relax the fundus often impair antral peristalsis and thus further delay gastric emptying t...
Joanne A Matsubara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the projection from v1 to extrastriate area 21a a second patchy Efferent Pathway that colocalizes with the co blob columns in cat visual cortex
Cerebral Cortex, 2000Co-Authors: Bevil R Conway, Jamie D Boyd, Tara H Stewart, Joanne A MatsubaraAbstract:The different patchy organizations of neurons projecting from primary visual cortex (area 17) to the various extrastriate areas may contribute to functional differences in the output to each of these areas. The pattern of neurons projecting to extrastriate area 21a was examined using large injections of retrograde tracers and compared to the pattern shown by neurons projecting to the lateral suprasylvian area (LS). Patches of neurons projecting to 21a showed a bimodal laminar distribution, with numerous labeled cells in the upper and lower third of layer 3 bracketing a sparsely labeled central third; LS-projecting neurons were confined to the lower and middle thirds of layer 3. The 21a projecting cells were relatively tighter in their clustering pattern than the LS projecting cells, i.e. the difference in labeling density between patch and interpatch zones was greater for 21a-projecting cells than for LS-projecting cells. As previously shown for the LS-projecting cells, patches of 21aprojecting cells colocalized with CO blob columns in area 17. Combined with our earlier results, this study shows that the CO blob compartments in area 17 give rise to at least two distinct Efferent Pathways, one projecting to LS and the other to 21a, and furthermore suggest that each Pathway may carry unique information to its extrastriate target.
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projections from v1 to lateral suprasylvian cortex an Efferent Pathway in the cat s visual cortex that originates preferentially from co blob columns
Visual Neuroscience, 1999Co-Authors: Jamie D Boyd, Joanne A MatsubaraAbstract:The patchy pattern of retrograde labeling produced by injections of anatomical tracers into the lateral suprasylvian (LS) visual area was compared to the cytochrome oxidase (CO) blobs in cat visual cortex. Following large injections of anatomical tracers in LS, retrograde labeling formed an irregular lattice of patches with a spacing of slightly less than 1 mm in area 17, and slightly greater than 1 mm in area 18. By comparing labeling in alternate serial sections, patches of LS-projecting cells in both areas were found to align with CO blobs. The conclusion of alignment between CO blob columns and patches of LS-projecting cells was confirmed by a quantitative analysis which showed a significant correlation between the local density of LS-projecting cells in reconstructions of charted cells and the intensity of CO staining in the CO-reacted sections. As for areas 17 and 18, labeling in other afferent areas of LS was also patchy with a spacing on the order of 1 mm except for area 19 where we found patches of LS-projecting cells with a larger spacing, roughly 2 mm. No matching fluctuations in CO density could be discerned in area 19, however. In conjunction with recent evidence that CO blob columns in cats receive strong input from Y-cells of the lateral geniculate nucleus (Boyd & Matsubara, 1996; Shoham, et al., 1996), these data support the hypothesis (Shipp & Grant, 1991) that the patches of LS-projecting cells correspond to Y-cell input columns. As a relationship between the CO architecture and certain classes of Efferent cells has previously been shown in primates, these findings show new similarities between CO blobs in different mammalian species.
Yi Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of electroacupuncture on stress induced gastric dysrhythmia and mechanisms involving autonomic and central nervous systems in functional dyspepsia
American Journal of Physiology-regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 2020Co-Authors: Sujuan Zhang, Robert D Foreman, Yi Liu, Jiande Dz ChenAbstract:Electroacupuncture (EA) is widely used as an effective method to treat stress-related disorders. However, its mechanisms remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of EA on gastric slow wave (GSW) dysrhythmia and c-Fos expression in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) induced by stress in a rodent model of functional dyspepsia (FD). Rats in the neonatal stage were treated using intragastric iodoacetamide. Eight weeks later, the rats were implanted with electrodes in the stomach for the measurement of GSW and electrodes into accupoints ST36 for EA. Autonomic functions were assessed by spectral analysis of heart rate variability. Rats were placed for 30 min in a cylindrical plastic tube for acute restraint stress. The involvement of a central afferent Pathway was assessed by measuring c-Fos-immunoreactive cells in the NTS. 1) EA normalized restraint stress-induced impairment of GSW in FD rats. 2) EA significantly increased vagal activity (P = 0.002) and improved sympathovagal balance (P = 0.004) under stress in FD rats. 3) In FD rats under restraint stress, plasma norepinephrine concentration was increased substantially (P < 0.01), which was suppressed with EA. 4) The EA group showed increased c-Fos-positive cell counts in the NTS compared with the sham EA group (P < 0.05) in FD rats. Acute restraint stress induces gastric dysrhythmia in a rodent model of FD. EA at ST36 improves GSW under stress in FD rats mediated via the central and autonomic Pathways, involving the NTS and vagal Efferent Pathway.
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sacral nerve stimulation increases gastric accommodation in rats a spinal afferent and vagal Efferent Pathway
American Journal of Physiology-gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 2020Co-Authors: Yi Liu, Jiande Dz Chen, Sujuan Zhang, Robert D ForemanAbstract:Impaired gastric accommodation (GA) has been frequently reported in various gastrointestinal diseases. No standard treatment strategy is available for treating impaired GA. We explored the possible effect of sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) on GA and discovered a spinal afferent and vagal Efferent mechanism in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats (450-500 g) with a chronically implanted gastric cannula and ECG electrodes were studied in a series of sessions to study: 1) the effects of SNS with different parameters on gastric tone, compliance, and accommodation using a barostat device; two sets of parameters were tested as follows: parameter 1) 5 Hz, 500 µs, 10 s on 90 s off; 90% motor threshold and parameter 2) same as parameter 1 but 25 Hz; 2) the involvement of spinal afferent Pathway via detecting c-fos immunoreactive (IR) cells in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) of the brain; 3) the involvement of vagal Efferent activity via the spectral analysis of heart rate variability derived from the ECG; and 4) the nitrergic mechanism, Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, was given before SNS at 5 Hz. Compared with sham-SNS: 1) SNS at 5 Hz inhibited gastric tone and increased gastric compliance and GA. No difference was noted between the stimulation frequencies of 5 and 25 Hz. 2) SNS increased the expression of c-fos in the NTS. 3) SNS increased cardiac vagal Efferent activity and decreased the sympathovagal ratio. 4) l-NAME blocked the relaxation effect of SNS. In conclusion, SNS with certain parameters relaxes gastric fundus and improves gastric accommodation mediated via a spinal afferent and vagal Efferent Pathway.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Currently, there is no adequate medical therapy for impaired gastric accommodation, since medications that relax the fundus often impair antral peristalsis and thus further delay gastric emptying that is commonly seen in patients with functional dyspepsia or gastroparesis. The advantage of the potential sacral nerve stimulation therapy is that it improves gastric accommodation by enhancing vagal activity, and the enhanced vagal activity would lead to enhanced antral peristalsis rather than inhibiting it.
Sujuan Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of electroacupuncture on stress induced gastric dysrhythmia and mechanisms involving autonomic and central nervous systems in functional dyspepsia
American Journal of Physiology-regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 2020Co-Authors: Sujuan Zhang, Robert D Foreman, Yi Liu, Jiande Dz ChenAbstract:Electroacupuncture (EA) is widely used as an effective method to treat stress-related disorders. However, its mechanisms remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of EA on gastric slow wave (GSW) dysrhythmia and c-Fos expression in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) induced by stress in a rodent model of functional dyspepsia (FD). Rats in the neonatal stage were treated using intragastric iodoacetamide. Eight weeks later, the rats were implanted with electrodes in the stomach for the measurement of GSW and electrodes into accupoints ST36 for EA. Autonomic functions were assessed by spectral analysis of heart rate variability. Rats were placed for 30 min in a cylindrical plastic tube for acute restraint stress. The involvement of a central afferent Pathway was assessed by measuring c-Fos-immunoreactive cells in the NTS. 1) EA normalized restraint stress-induced impairment of GSW in FD rats. 2) EA significantly increased vagal activity (P = 0.002) and improved sympathovagal balance (P = 0.004) under stress in FD rats. 3) In FD rats under restraint stress, plasma norepinephrine concentration was increased substantially (P < 0.01), which was suppressed with EA. 4) The EA group showed increased c-Fos-positive cell counts in the NTS compared with the sham EA group (P < 0.05) in FD rats. Acute restraint stress induces gastric dysrhythmia in a rodent model of FD. EA at ST36 improves GSW under stress in FD rats mediated via the central and autonomic Pathways, involving the NTS and vagal Efferent Pathway.
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sacral nerve stimulation increases gastric accommodation in rats a spinal afferent and vagal Efferent Pathway
American Journal of Physiology-gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 2020Co-Authors: Feng Ye, Shiying Li, Sujuan Zhang, Robert D Foreman, Jiande Dz ChenAbstract:Currently, there is no adequate medical therapy for impaired gastric accommodation, since medications that relax the fundus often impair antral peristalsis and thus further delay gastric emptying t...
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sacral nerve stimulation increases gastric accommodation in rats a spinal afferent and vagal Efferent Pathway
American Journal of Physiology-gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 2020Co-Authors: Yi Liu, Jiande Dz Chen, Sujuan Zhang, Robert D ForemanAbstract:Impaired gastric accommodation (GA) has been frequently reported in various gastrointestinal diseases. No standard treatment strategy is available for treating impaired GA. We explored the possible effect of sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) on GA and discovered a spinal afferent and vagal Efferent mechanism in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats (450-500 g) with a chronically implanted gastric cannula and ECG electrodes were studied in a series of sessions to study: 1) the effects of SNS with different parameters on gastric tone, compliance, and accommodation using a barostat device; two sets of parameters were tested as follows: parameter 1) 5 Hz, 500 µs, 10 s on 90 s off; 90% motor threshold and parameter 2) same as parameter 1 but 25 Hz; 2) the involvement of spinal afferent Pathway via detecting c-fos immunoreactive (IR) cells in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) of the brain; 3) the involvement of vagal Efferent activity via the spectral analysis of heart rate variability derived from the ECG; and 4) the nitrergic mechanism, Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, was given before SNS at 5 Hz. Compared with sham-SNS: 1) SNS at 5 Hz inhibited gastric tone and increased gastric compliance and GA. No difference was noted between the stimulation frequencies of 5 and 25 Hz. 2) SNS increased the expression of c-fos in the NTS. 3) SNS increased cardiac vagal Efferent activity and decreased the sympathovagal ratio. 4) l-NAME blocked the relaxation effect of SNS. In conclusion, SNS with certain parameters relaxes gastric fundus and improves gastric accommodation mediated via a spinal afferent and vagal Efferent Pathway.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Currently, there is no adequate medical therapy for impaired gastric accommodation, since medications that relax the fundus often impair antral peristalsis and thus further delay gastric emptying that is commonly seen in patients with functional dyspepsia or gastroparesis. The advantage of the potential sacral nerve stimulation therapy is that it improves gastric accommodation by enhancing vagal activity, and the enhanced vagal activity would lead to enhanced antral peristalsis rather than inhibiting it.
Yasuo Kawanishi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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localization of nadph diaphorase and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide containing neurons in the Efferent Pathway to the rat corpus cavernosum
European Urology, 1997Co-Authors: Masato Tamura, Susumu Kagawa, Yoshihiro Tsuruo, Kazunori Ishimura, Kazunori Kimura, Yasuo KawanishiAbstract:Objective: We examined the coexistence of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the Efferent Pathway to the rat corpus cavernosum. Methods: We used NADPH diaphorase (ND) histochemical staining. a specific marker of neuronal NOS in combination with retrograde axonal transport ofTrue Blue (TB) and VIP immunohistochemistry. Results: Many neurons were labeled by TB in the cavernous nerve and the body of the major pelvic ganglion (MPG). and fewer neurons in the pelvic nerve. In the cavernous nerve, about 90% of TB-labeled Efferent neurons were ND positive, and about 80% in the body of the MPG and pelvic nerve. Besides, 60-80% of TB-labeled Efferent neurons projecting to the corpus cavernosum showed VIP immunoreactivity. VIP was colocalized with NOS in 70-80% of neurons. Conclusions: These findings suggest that most of the ND-positive nerves and terminals in the corpus cavernosum come from the MPG via the cavernous nerve and that NO plays an important role: it may act in combination with NO because most NOS-containing neurons simultaneously showed VIP immunoreactivity.
