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Thomas W Pike - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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avian Egg odour encodes information on embryo sex Fertility and development
PLOS ONE, 2015Co-Authors: Ben Webster, William Hayes, Thomas W PikeAbstract:Avian chemical communication is a rapidly emerging field, but has been hampered by a critical lack of information on volatile chemicals that communicate ecologically relevant information (semiochemicals). A possible, but as yet unexplored, function of olfaction and chemical communication in birds is in parent-embryo and embryo-embryo communication. Communication between parents and developing embryos may act to mediate parental behaviour, while communication between embryos can control the synchronicity of hatching. Embryonic vocalisations and vibrations have been implicated as a means of communication during the later stages of development but in the early stages, before embryos are capable of independent movement and vocalisation, this is not possible. Here we show that volatiles emitted from developing Eggs of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) convey information on Egg Fertility, along with the sex and developmental status of the embryo. Specifically, Egg volatiles changed over the course of incubation, differed between fertile and infertile Eggs, and were predictive of embryo sex as early as day 1 of incubation. Egg odours therefore have the potential to facilitate parent-embryo and embryo-embryo interactions by allowing the assessment of key measures of embryonic development long before this is possible through other modalities. It also opens up the intriguing possibility that parents may be able to glean further relevant information from Egg volatiles, such as the health, viability and heritage of embryos. By determining information conveyed by Egg-derived volatiles, we hope to stimulate further investigation into the ecological role of Egg odours.
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avian Egg odour encodes information on embryo sex Fertility and development
PLOS ONE, 2015Co-Authors: Ben Webster, William Hayes, Thomas W PikeAbstract:Avian chemical communication is a rapidly emerging field, but has been hampered by a critical lack of information on volatile chemicals that communicate ecologically relevant information (semiochemicals). A possible, but as yet unexplored, function of olfaction and chemical communication in birds is in parent-embryo and embryo-embryo communication. Communication between parents and developing embryos may act to mediate parental behaviour, while communication between embryos can control the synchronicity of hatching. Embryonic vocalisations and vibrations have been implicated as a means of communication during the later stages of development but in the early stages, before embryos are capable of independent movement and vocalisation, this is not possible. Here we show that volatiles emitted from developing Eggs of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) convey information on Egg Fertility, along with the sex and developmental status of the embryo. Specifically, Egg volatiles changed over the course of incubation, differed between fertile and infertile Eggs, and were predictive of embryo sex as early as day 1 of incubation. Egg odours therefore have the potential to facilitate parent-embryo and embryo-embryo interactions by allowing the assessment of key measures of embryonic development long before this is possible through other modalities. It also opens up the intriguing possibility that parents may be able to glean further relevant information from Egg volatiles, such as the health, viability and heritage of embryos. By determining information conveyed by Egg-derived volatiles, we hope to stimulate further investigation into the ecological role of Egg odours.
J P Michaud - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the benefits of omnivory for reproduction and life history of a specialized aphid predator hippodamia convergens coleoptera coccinellidae
Environmental Entomology, 2021Co-Authors: Hannah E Stowe, J P Michaud, Tania N KimAbstract:The convergent lady beetle, Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, is a specialized predator of cereal aphids on the High Plains, completing its first generation each year in winter wheat, the resulting adults dispersing into summer crops and producing additional generations, contingent on the availability of aphids. In the present study, we tested the collective value of supplementary plant resources (sugars, pollen, and seedling wheat leaves), and small amounts of alternative prey, Eggs of Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), all provided together, for improving beetle life history and reproductive success even when suitable prey, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), were provided ad libitum. Although a monotypic diet of S. graminum yielded slightly faster larval development and heavier adults than the omnivorous diet, preoviposition periods were extended and 21-d fecundities greatly reduced when this diet was continued through adult life, largely due to fewer oviposition days, although Egg Fertility was unaffected. The results highlight the critical importance of plant-derived resources even when suitable prey are not limiting. However, monotypic diet beetles that diapaused for 21 d in the presence of supplementary plant resources, plus moth Eggs, achieved the same reproductive success as those reared on the omnivorous diet, with or without diapause, demonstrating that access to these resources post-emergence was sufficient to compensate for their absence during development. The diapause treatment itself had no impact on the fitness of beetles reared on the omnivorous diet, likely because neither its duration, nor the caloric restriction imposed, were sufficient to diminish reproductive effort.
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how efficient is fertilization by traumatic insemination in orius insidiosus hemiptera anthocoridae
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2019Co-Authors: J P Michaud, Henry Vacacela E Ajila, Ahmed H Abdelwahab, Sara V Kuchta, Hannah E StoweAbstract:Traumatic insemination (TI) can be injurious to females, and females have evolved various paragenital structures to mitigate these impacts. We examined the mating behavior of Orius insidiosus (Say) and the consequences of single and double matings for female fitness. A total of 100 virgin females (4-6-d old) were directly observed while they mated with virgin males. Some of these females were mated a second time with a different, nonvirgin male 3-5 d later, after they oviposited in sunflower stems. Females were held in isolation, fed Eggs of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, and reproductive success was tracked for 30 d. Six females died during their first copulation (6%), and another within 48 h, without laying Eggs. Four percent of the females died during their second copulations. Copulations lasting less than 90 s usually did not result in successful fertilization, and duration of copula was positively correlated with Egg Fertility in singly-mated females. Duration of copula was more than halved in second matings, twice as variable, and negatively correlated with 30 d fecundity. Thirty-seven percent of singly-mated females and 31% of twice-mated females were infertile, with fewer than half of all females producing 88% of all Eggs. We conclude that O. insidiosus females are likely monandrous in the wild, and that TI in this species is inefficient, contributing to high variation in female fitness. Thus, mating involves a significant mortality risk for females, despite their possession of complex paragenital structures that ostensibly mitigate copulatory injury.
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paternal effects associated with melanism in harmonia axyridis coleoptera coccinellidae mating sequence asymmetries and interactions with age specific maternal effects
Ecological Entomology, 2018Co-Authors: J P Michaud, Ahmed H Abdelwahab, Vinicius F Canassa, Clint L BainAbstract:1. For this study a cohort of melanic Harmonia axyridis males homozygous for the spectabilis allele was produced. These were used to produce four kinds of twice‐mated females, comprising all four permutations of melanic and non‐melanic (succinic) males. A series of 12 larvae were then reared from the first and 10th clutches of each female to compare progeny developmental phenotypes. 2. There were no effects of mating treatment on overall female reproductive performance (preoviposition period, 20‐day fecundity, or Egg Fertility). 3. Age‐specific maternal effects were evident in progeny developmental phenotypes; larvae of 10th clutches developed more slowly, pupation was shorter, and adults emerged at heavier weights. 4. Paternal effects were superimposed on maternal effects and affected progeny independent of their paternity; melanic males induced slower larval development and slower pupation, but only in 10th clutches and only when they mated second. 5. There was a significant three‐way interaction between male mating treatment, clutch number and progeny phenotype, indicating that progeny developmental responses to (mixed) paternal effects varied depending on their own phenotype and the time elapsed since their mother's last mating. 6. Melanic males mating second obtained a P2 advantage over succinic males, which increased from first to 10th clutch, but the reverse was not true when succinic males mated second. Thus, polyandry in H. axyridis facilitates both genetic and epigenetic competition among males while simultaneously enabling the sharing of predominant paternal effects among the progeny of different fathers.
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differential impacts of six insecticides on a mealybug and its coccinellid predator
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2018Co-Authors: Paulo R. R. Barbosa, J P Michaud, Martin D Oliveira, Eduardo M Barros, Jorge B. TorresAbstract:Broad-spectrum insecticides may disrupt biological control and cause pest resurgence due to their negative impacts on natural enemies. The preservation of sustainable pest control in agroecosystems requires parallel assessments of insecticide toxicity to target pests and their key natural enemies. In the present study, the leaf dipping method was used to evaluate the relative toxicity of six insecticides to the striped mealybug, Ferrisia dasylirii (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and its predator, Tenuisvalvae notata (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Three neurotoxic insecticides, lambda-cyhalothrin, methidathion and thiamethoxam, caused complete mortality of both pest and predator when applied at their highest field rates. In contrast, lufenuron, pymetrozine and pyriproxyfen caused moderate mortality of third-instar mealybug nymphs, and exhibited low or no toxicity to either larvae or adults of the lady beetle. At field rates, lufenuron and pymetrozine had negligible effects on prey consumption, development or reproduction of T. notata, but adults failed to emerge from pupae when fourth instar larvae were exposed to pyriproxyfen. In addition, pyriproxyfen caused temporary sterility; T. notata females laid non-viable Eggs for three days after exposure, but recovered Egg Fertility thereafter. Our results indicate that the three neurotoxic insecticides can potentially control F. dasylirii, but are hazardous to its natural predator. In contrast, lufenuron and pymetrozine appear compatible with T. notata, although they appear less effective against the mealybug. Although the acute toxicity of pyriproxyfen to T. notata was low, some pupal mortality and reduced Egg Fertility suggest that this material could impede the predator's numerical response to mealybug populations.
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Dual resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin and dicrotophos in Hippodamia convergens (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae).
Chemosphere, 2016Co-Authors: Paulo R. R. Barbosa, J P Michaud, Agna R.s. Rodrigues, Jorge B. TorresAbstract:Insecticide resistance is usually associated with pests, but may also evolve in natural enemies. In this study, adult beetles of three distinct North American populations of Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, and the progeny of reciprocal crosses between the resistant and most susceptible population, were treated topically with varying concentrations of lambda-cyhalothrin and dicrotophos. In addition, the LD50s of both insecticides were applied in combination to resistant individuals. The developmental and reproductive performance of each population was assessed in the absence of insecticide exposure to compare baseline fitness. California and Kansas populations were susceptible to both materials, whereas Georgia (GA) beetles exhibited a resistance ratio (RR50) of 158 to lambda-cyhalothrin and 530 to dicrotophos. Inheritance of lambda-cyhalothrin resistance was X-linked, whereas inheritance of dicrotophos resistance was autosomal. Mortality of resistant beetles treated with a mixture of LD50s of both materials was twice that of those treated with lambda-cyhalothrin alone, but not significantly different from those receiving dicrotophos alone. Life history parameters were largely similar among populations, except that Georgia beetles had higher Egg Fertility relative to susceptible populations. We conclude that the high levels of resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin and dicrotophos in Georgia beetles reflect heavy loads of these insecticides in local environments, most likely the large acreage under intensive cotton cultivation.
Ben Webster - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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avian Egg odour encodes information on embryo sex Fertility and development
PLOS ONE, 2015Co-Authors: Ben Webster, William Hayes, Thomas W PikeAbstract:Avian chemical communication is a rapidly emerging field, but has been hampered by a critical lack of information on volatile chemicals that communicate ecologically relevant information (semiochemicals). A possible, but as yet unexplored, function of olfaction and chemical communication in birds is in parent-embryo and embryo-embryo communication. Communication between parents and developing embryos may act to mediate parental behaviour, while communication between embryos can control the synchronicity of hatching. Embryonic vocalisations and vibrations have been implicated as a means of communication during the later stages of development but in the early stages, before embryos are capable of independent movement and vocalisation, this is not possible. Here we show that volatiles emitted from developing Eggs of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) convey information on Egg Fertility, along with the sex and developmental status of the embryo. Specifically, Egg volatiles changed over the course of incubation, differed between fertile and infertile Eggs, and were predictive of embryo sex as early as day 1 of incubation. Egg odours therefore have the potential to facilitate parent-embryo and embryo-embryo interactions by allowing the assessment of key measures of embryonic development long before this is possible through other modalities. It also opens up the intriguing possibility that parents may be able to glean further relevant information from Egg volatiles, such as the health, viability and heritage of embryos. By determining information conveyed by Egg-derived volatiles, we hope to stimulate further investigation into the ecological role of Egg odours.
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avian Egg odour encodes information on embryo sex Fertility and development
PLOS ONE, 2015Co-Authors: Ben Webster, William Hayes, Thomas W PikeAbstract:Avian chemical communication is a rapidly emerging field, but has been hampered by a critical lack of information on volatile chemicals that communicate ecologically relevant information (semiochemicals). A possible, but as yet unexplored, function of olfaction and chemical communication in birds is in parent-embryo and embryo-embryo communication. Communication between parents and developing embryos may act to mediate parental behaviour, while communication between embryos can control the synchronicity of hatching. Embryonic vocalisations and vibrations have been implicated as a means of communication during the later stages of development but in the early stages, before embryos are capable of independent movement and vocalisation, this is not possible. Here we show that volatiles emitted from developing Eggs of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) convey information on Egg Fertility, along with the sex and developmental status of the embryo. Specifically, Egg volatiles changed over the course of incubation, differed between fertile and infertile Eggs, and were predictive of embryo sex as early as day 1 of incubation. Egg odours therefore have the potential to facilitate parent-embryo and embryo-embryo interactions by allowing the assessment of key measures of embryonic development long before this is possible through other modalities. It also opens up the intriguing possibility that parents may be able to glean further relevant information from Egg volatiles, such as the health, viability and heritage of embryos. By determining information conveyed by Egg-derived volatiles, we hope to stimulate further investigation into the ecological role of Egg odours.
Ross J Norstrom - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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reproductive and morphological effects of halogenated dimethyl bipyrroles on captive american kestrels falco sparverius
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2003Co-Authors: Sheryl A Tittlemier, David M Bird, Jason Duffe, Andre Dallaire, Ross J NorstromAbstract:Sixty-four adult captive American kestrels (Falco sparverius) were exposed to a dietary source of halogenated dimethyl bipyrroles (HDBPs), a group of organohalogens proposed to have a natural origin. Adult kestrels were assigned to four treatment groups that were administered a different dose of HDBPs [high, 140 μg/(bird · d); medium, 4.3 μg/(bird · d); low, 0.13 μg/(bird · d); control, 0 μg/(bird · d)]. Exposure began prior to pairing and continued during breeding until approximately 28 d after hatching of the final Eggs. Juvenile and adult kestrels accumulated HDBPs in carcass tissue, plasma, and liver. In addition, HDBPs were transferred to yolks during Egg development. Low dietary absorption efficiencies (0.011–0.029) indicated that HDBPs were effectively cleared from kestrels either from increased elimination, metabolism, or a combination of the two processes. Reproductive and morphological endpoints examined for HDBP-induced changes included Egg volume, Egg mass, Eggshell thickness, Egg Fertility, clutch size, liver and whole body mass, antebrachium, central retrice, tarsus, ninth primary, and wing cord lengths. Few statistically significant dose-dependent effects were observed. Hepatic tissue samples from selected individuals underwent histomorphological evaluation. Although the hepatic function was not evaluated specifically in these birds, no clinical signs suggestive of liver disease or gross hepatic anomalies were observed. Only minor histomorphological changes were detected in the hepatic tissue. The lack of serious effects suggests that HDBPs are not an acute reproductive threat to avian populations.
William Hayes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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avian Egg odour encodes information on embryo sex Fertility and development
PLOS ONE, 2015Co-Authors: Ben Webster, William Hayes, Thomas W PikeAbstract:Avian chemical communication is a rapidly emerging field, but has been hampered by a critical lack of information on volatile chemicals that communicate ecologically relevant information (semiochemicals). A possible, but as yet unexplored, function of olfaction and chemical communication in birds is in parent-embryo and embryo-embryo communication. Communication between parents and developing embryos may act to mediate parental behaviour, while communication between embryos can control the synchronicity of hatching. Embryonic vocalisations and vibrations have been implicated as a means of communication during the later stages of development but in the early stages, before embryos are capable of independent movement and vocalisation, this is not possible. Here we show that volatiles emitted from developing Eggs of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) convey information on Egg Fertility, along with the sex and developmental status of the embryo. Specifically, Egg volatiles changed over the course of incubation, differed between fertile and infertile Eggs, and were predictive of embryo sex as early as day 1 of incubation. Egg odours therefore have the potential to facilitate parent-embryo and embryo-embryo interactions by allowing the assessment of key measures of embryonic development long before this is possible through other modalities. It also opens up the intriguing possibility that parents may be able to glean further relevant information from Egg volatiles, such as the health, viability and heritage of embryos. By determining information conveyed by Egg-derived volatiles, we hope to stimulate further investigation into the ecological role of Egg odours.
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avian Egg odour encodes information on embryo sex Fertility and development
PLOS ONE, 2015Co-Authors: Ben Webster, William Hayes, Thomas W PikeAbstract:Avian chemical communication is a rapidly emerging field, but has been hampered by a critical lack of information on volatile chemicals that communicate ecologically relevant information (semiochemicals). A possible, but as yet unexplored, function of olfaction and chemical communication in birds is in parent-embryo and embryo-embryo communication. Communication between parents and developing embryos may act to mediate parental behaviour, while communication between embryos can control the synchronicity of hatching. Embryonic vocalisations and vibrations have been implicated as a means of communication during the later stages of development but in the early stages, before embryos are capable of independent movement and vocalisation, this is not possible. Here we show that volatiles emitted from developing Eggs of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) convey information on Egg Fertility, along with the sex and developmental status of the embryo. Specifically, Egg volatiles changed over the course of incubation, differed between fertile and infertile Eggs, and were predictive of embryo sex as early as day 1 of incubation. Egg odours therefore have the potential to facilitate parent-embryo and embryo-embryo interactions by allowing the assessment of key measures of embryonic development long before this is possible through other modalities. It also opens up the intriguing possibility that parents may be able to glean further relevant information from Egg volatiles, such as the health, viability and heritage of embryos. By determining information conveyed by Egg-derived volatiles, we hope to stimulate further investigation into the ecological role of Egg odours.