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Raffaella Paola Ferrari - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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timing of reproduction and Egg quality covary with temperature in the insectivorous barn swallow hirundo rustica
Functional Ecology, 2004Co-Authors: Nicola Saino, Roberto Ambrosini, Maria Romanò, Raffaella Paola FerrariAbstract:Summary 1 Egg size and composition can be predicted to trade-off against current condition of reproducing females. Adverse conditions for reproduction should thus give rise to a reduction in Egg size and quality. 2 Here we analyse timing of reproduction, Egg mass and Hatchability, and concentration of maternal carotenoids and components of the immune system in the Eggs in relation to ambient temperature during the breeding season for the Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica, Linnaeus). 3 Relatively high temperatures during one day enhanced the probability that clutches were initiated the following days. Egg mass at laying, concentration of lutein, the main carotenoid in Barn Swallows, and lysozyme, a major maternal component of innate immunity in Eggs, but not maternal antigen-specific antibodies, covaried with temperature during the days preceding laying of individual Eggs. 4 Egg mass but not laying order or temperature during incubation predicted Hatchability of the Eggs. 5 This study suggests that temperature affects not only Egg mass, as previously shown for bird species, but also concentration of maternally derived substances, such as antioxidants and immune factors, that can affect Egg Hatchability and offspring antiparasite defence and viability.
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timing of reproduction and Egg quality covary with temperature in the insectivorous barn swallow hirundo rustica
Functional Ecology, 2004Co-Authors: Nicola Saino, Roberto Ambrosini, Maria Romanò, Raffaella Paola FerrariAbstract:Summary 1 Egg size and composition can be predicted to trade-off against current condition of reproducing females. Adverse conditions for reproduction should thus give rise to a reduction in Egg size and quality. 2 Here we analyse timing of reproduction, Egg mass and Hatchability, and concentration of maternal carotenoids and components of the immune system in the Eggs in relation to ambient temperature during the breeding season for the Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica, Linnaeus). 3 Relatively high temperatures during one day enhanced the probability that clutches were initiated the following days. Egg mass at laying, concentration of lutein, the main carotenoid in Barn Swallows, and lysozyme, a major maternal component of innate immunity in Eggs, but not maternal antigen-specific antibodies, covaried with temperature during the days preceding laying of individual Eggs. 4 Egg mass but not laying order or temperature during incubation predicted Hatchability of the Eggs. 5 This study suggests that temperature affects not only Egg mass, as previously shown for bird species, but also concentration of maternally derived substances, such as antioxidants and immune factors, that can affect Egg Hatchability and offspring antiparasite defence and viability.
Xiaoyue Hong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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male age influences the strength of cardinium induced cytoplasmic incompatibility expression in the carmine spider mite tetranychus cinnabarinus
Applied Entomology and Zoology, 2010Co-Authors: Rongrong Xie, Lili Zhou, Zhenjun Zhao, Xiaoyue HongAbstract:‘Candidatus Cardinium’, a recently described bacterium from the Bacteroidetes group, causes diverse reproductive alterations of its arthropod hosts, including cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), parthenogenesis and feminization. We detected severe CI expression induced by Cardinium in the carmine spider mite Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval). CI was expressed as a reduction in Egg Hatchability and a male-biased sex ratio in crosses between uninfected females and infected males. To determine whether male age affects Cardinium-induced CI expression, uninfected females were crossed with infected virgin males at different ages. Cardinium density in males, as measured by quantitative PCR using the 16S rDNA gene, declined rapidly with increasing age. The CI level also declined rapidly with increasing age. Cardinium lost the ability to induce CI by day 12, and the Cardinium density declined to 3.0×106 copies per ml. Cardinium density was positively correlated with the CI level, which is consistent with the bacterial density model of CI. Our results suggest that both male age and Cardinium density are key factors in Cardinium-induced CI expression in T. cinnabarinus, and a threshold level of Cardinium density may be required for induction of CI.
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wolbachia distribution and cytoplasmic incompatibility based on a survey of 42 spider mite species acari tetranychidae in japan
Heredity, 2003Co-Authors: Tetsuo Gotoh, H Noda, Xiaoyue HongAbstract:Wolbachia are a group of maternally inherited bacteria that infect a wide range of arthropods. Wolbachia infections are known to result in the expression of various abnormal reproductive phenotypes, the best known being cytoplasmic incompatibility. The first systematic survey of 42 spider mite species in Japan revealed that seven species (16.7%) were infected with Wolbachia. Wolbachia in the spider mites were grouped into three subgroups in supergroup B by phylogenetic analyses of the wsp gene. Most spider mites did not show cytoplasmic incompatibility when infected males were crossed with uninfected females. However, all infected populations of Panonychus mori and Oligonychus gotohi (five and four populations, respectively) possessed modification-positive strains of Wolbachia, and the cytoplasmic incompatibility decreased Egg Hatchability and female ratio of the spider mites. Thus, some Wolbachia strains cause sex ratio distortion in their hosts.
Xusong Zheng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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influence of rice black streaked dwarf virus on the ecological fitness of non vector planthopper nilaparvata lugens hemiptera delphacidae
Insect Science, 2014Co-Authors: Xusong Zheng, Yajun YangAbstract:Rice black streak dwarf virus (RBSDV) is transmitted by the small brown planthopper (SBPH), Laodelphax striatellus (Fallen). Non-vector rice brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stal), shares the same host rice plants with SBPH in paddy fields. The changes in nutritional composition of rice plants infected by RBSDV and the ecological fitness of BPH feeding on the infected plants were studied under both artificial climate chamber and field conditions. Contents of 16 detected amino acids and soluble sugar in RBSDV infected rice plants were higher than those in the healthy ones. On the diseased plants BPH had significantly higher nymphal survival rates, nymphal duration of the males, weight of the female adults, as well as Egg Hatchability compared to BPH being fed on healthy plants. However, there was no obvious difference in female nymph duration, longevity and fecundity. Defense enzymes (superoxidase dismutase, SOD and catalase, CAT) and detoxifying enzymes (carboxylesterase, CAE and glutathione S-transferase, GST) in BPH adults fed on diseased plants had markedly higher activities. The results indicate rice plants infected by RBSDV improved the ecological fitness of the brown planthopper, a serious pest but not a transmitter of the RBSDV virus.
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southern rice black streaked dwarf virus srbsdv directly affects the feeding and reproduction behavior of its vector sogatella furcifera horvath hemiptera delphacidae
Virology Journal, 2014Co-Authors: Xusong Zheng, Yajun Yang, Junce TianAbstract:Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) is a recently discovered member of the genus Fijivirus and it is transmitted by the rice whitebacked planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera (Horvath). It was found that SRBSDV infected vectors might contribute negatively to the WBPH population, although the longer nymphal period might benefit viral acquisition, transmission and increase infection rate. The interaction between SRBSDV and its vector need to be further explored to gain better understanding of the dispersal of WBPH and the spread of virus disease, in particular the feeding and reproduction behavior of viruliferous WBPH. Newly hatched nymphs of WBPH were fed on healthy rice plant after feeding on SRBSDV-infected rice plants for 2 h, and newly emerged adults were numbered and tested. Feeding behaviors of WBPH adults were monitored electronically within a Faraday cage using a Giga-4 DC EPG amplifier. The newly emerged adults were paired, and the fecundity and Egg Hatchability were investigated. WBPH was molecularly identified for SRBSDV when they dead. According to the identification results, data on viruliferous and non-viruliferous WBPH were collected and analyzed. Feeding behavior of viruliferous WBPH was different from those of non-viruliferous WBPH. Frequency of phloem sap ingestion of viruliferous WBPH increased significantly, however the total feeding duration did not increase markedly. When both WBPH parents were infected with SRBSDV, their fecundity and Hatchability of the Eggs produced were significant lower than those of normal WBPH parents. However, if only one of the parents was viruliferous, fecundity and Egg Hatchability were only slightly affected. Viruliferous WBPH fed on the phloem more frequently than non-viruliferous WBPH and can thus contribute to virus transmission. When both vector parents are viruliferous fecundity and Hatchability of the Eggs were significantly reduced. However when only one of the parents WBPH was viruliferous, there were no significant effects.
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ecological fitness of non vector planthopper sogatella furcifera on rice plants infected with rice black streaked dwarf virus
Rice Science, 2012Co-Authors: H E Xiaochan, Xusong Zheng, Yajun Yang, Xu Hongxing, Guangchun Gao, Jianhong Pan, L U ZhongxianAbstract:We evaluated the effects of rice black streak dwarf virus (RBSDV)-infested rice plants on the ecological parameters and its relevant defensive and detoxification enzymes of white-backed planthopper (WBPH) in laboratory for exploring the relationship between RBSDV and the non-vector planthopper. The results showed that nymph survival rate, female adult weight and fecundity, and Egg Hatchability of WBPH fed on RBSDV-infested rice plants did not markedly differ from those on healthy plants, whereas the female adult longevity and Egg duration significantly shortened on diseased plants. Furthermore, significantly higher activities of defensive enzymes (dismutase, catalase and peroxidase) and detoxification enzymes (acetylcholinesterase, carboxylesterase and glutathione S-transferase) were found in WBPH adults fed on infected plants. Results implied that infestation by RBSDV increased the ecological fitness of non-vector planthopper population.
Nicola Saino - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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timing of reproduction and Egg quality covary with temperature in the insectivorous barn swallow hirundo rustica
Functional Ecology, 2004Co-Authors: Nicola Saino, Roberto Ambrosini, Maria Romanò, Raffaella Paola FerrariAbstract:Summary 1 Egg size and composition can be predicted to trade-off against current condition of reproducing females. Adverse conditions for reproduction should thus give rise to a reduction in Egg size and quality. 2 Here we analyse timing of reproduction, Egg mass and Hatchability, and concentration of maternal carotenoids and components of the immune system in the Eggs in relation to ambient temperature during the breeding season for the Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica, Linnaeus). 3 Relatively high temperatures during one day enhanced the probability that clutches were initiated the following days. Egg mass at laying, concentration of lutein, the main carotenoid in Barn Swallows, and lysozyme, a major maternal component of innate immunity in Eggs, but not maternal antigen-specific antibodies, covaried with temperature during the days preceding laying of individual Eggs. 4 Egg mass but not laying order or temperature during incubation predicted Hatchability of the Eggs. 5 This study suggests that temperature affects not only Egg mass, as previously shown for bird species, but also concentration of maternally derived substances, such as antioxidants and immune factors, that can affect Egg Hatchability and offspring antiparasite defence and viability.
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timing of reproduction and Egg quality covary with temperature in the insectivorous barn swallow hirundo rustica
Functional Ecology, 2004Co-Authors: Nicola Saino, Roberto Ambrosini, Maria Romanò, Raffaella Paola FerrariAbstract:Summary 1 Egg size and composition can be predicted to trade-off against current condition of reproducing females. Adverse conditions for reproduction should thus give rise to a reduction in Egg size and quality. 2 Here we analyse timing of reproduction, Egg mass and Hatchability, and concentration of maternal carotenoids and components of the immune system in the Eggs in relation to ambient temperature during the breeding season for the Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica, Linnaeus). 3 Relatively high temperatures during one day enhanced the probability that clutches were initiated the following days. Egg mass at laying, concentration of lutein, the main carotenoid in Barn Swallows, and lysozyme, a major maternal component of innate immunity in Eggs, but not maternal antigen-specific antibodies, covaried with temperature during the days preceding laying of individual Eggs. 4 Egg mass but not laying order or temperature during incubation predicted Hatchability of the Eggs. 5 This study suggests that temperature affects not only Egg mass, as previously shown for bird species, but also concentration of maternally derived substances, such as antioxidants and immune factors, that can affect Egg Hatchability and offspring antiparasite defence and viability.
Yajun Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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influence of rice black streaked dwarf virus on the ecological fitness of non vector planthopper nilaparvata lugens hemiptera delphacidae
Insect Science, 2014Co-Authors: Xusong Zheng, Yajun YangAbstract:Rice black streak dwarf virus (RBSDV) is transmitted by the small brown planthopper (SBPH), Laodelphax striatellus (Fallen). Non-vector rice brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stal), shares the same host rice plants with SBPH in paddy fields. The changes in nutritional composition of rice plants infected by RBSDV and the ecological fitness of BPH feeding on the infected plants were studied under both artificial climate chamber and field conditions. Contents of 16 detected amino acids and soluble sugar in RBSDV infected rice plants were higher than those in the healthy ones. On the diseased plants BPH had significantly higher nymphal survival rates, nymphal duration of the males, weight of the female adults, as well as Egg Hatchability compared to BPH being fed on healthy plants. However, there was no obvious difference in female nymph duration, longevity and fecundity. Defense enzymes (superoxidase dismutase, SOD and catalase, CAT) and detoxifying enzymes (carboxylesterase, CAE and glutathione S-transferase, GST) in BPH adults fed on diseased plants had markedly higher activities. The results indicate rice plants infected by RBSDV improved the ecological fitness of the brown planthopper, a serious pest but not a transmitter of the RBSDV virus.
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southern rice black streaked dwarf virus srbsdv directly affects the feeding and reproduction behavior of its vector sogatella furcifera horvath hemiptera delphacidae
Virology Journal, 2014Co-Authors: Xusong Zheng, Yajun Yang, Junce TianAbstract:Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) is a recently discovered member of the genus Fijivirus and it is transmitted by the rice whitebacked planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera (Horvath). It was found that SRBSDV infected vectors might contribute negatively to the WBPH population, although the longer nymphal period might benefit viral acquisition, transmission and increase infection rate. The interaction between SRBSDV and its vector need to be further explored to gain better understanding of the dispersal of WBPH and the spread of virus disease, in particular the feeding and reproduction behavior of viruliferous WBPH. Newly hatched nymphs of WBPH were fed on healthy rice plant after feeding on SRBSDV-infected rice plants for 2 h, and newly emerged adults were numbered and tested. Feeding behaviors of WBPH adults were monitored electronically within a Faraday cage using a Giga-4 DC EPG amplifier. The newly emerged adults were paired, and the fecundity and Egg Hatchability were investigated. WBPH was molecularly identified for SRBSDV when they dead. According to the identification results, data on viruliferous and non-viruliferous WBPH were collected and analyzed. Feeding behavior of viruliferous WBPH was different from those of non-viruliferous WBPH. Frequency of phloem sap ingestion of viruliferous WBPH increased significantly, however the total feeding duration did not increase markedly. When both WBPH parents were infected with SRBSDV, their fecundity and Hatchability of the Eggs produced were significant lower than those of normal WBPH parents. However, if only one of the parents was viruliferous, fecundity and Egg Hatchability were only slightly affected. Viruliferous WBPH fed on the phloem more frequently than non-viruliferous WBPH and can thus contribute to virus transmission. When both vector parents are viruliferous fecundity and Hatchability of the Eggs were significantly reduced. However when only one of the parents WBPH was viruliferous, there were no significant effects.
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ecological fitness of non vector planthopper sogatella furcifera on rice plants infected with rice black streaked dwarf virus
Rice Science, 2012Co-Authors: H E Xiaochan, Xusong Zheng, Yajun Yang, Xu Hongxing, Guangchun Gao, Jianhong Pan, L U ZhongxianAbstract:We evaluated the effects of rice black streak dwarf virus (RBSDV)-infested rice plants on the ecological parameters and its relevant defensive and detoxification enzymes of white-backed planthopper (WBPH) in laboratory for exploring the relationship between RBSDV and the non-vector planthopper. The results showed that nymph survival rate, female adult weight and fecundity, and Egg Hatchability of WBPH fed on RBSDV-infested rice plants did not markedly differ from those on healthy plants, whereas the female adult longevity and Egg duration significantly shortened on diseased plants. Furthermore, significantly higher activities of defensive enzymes (dismutase, catalase and peroxidase) and detoxification enzymes (acetylcholinesterase, carboxylesterase and glutathione S-transferase) were found in WBPH adults fed on infected plants. Results implied that infestation by RBSDV increased the ecological fitness of non-vector planthopper population.