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Gatto G. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Il cantiere di restauro della facciata barocca del palazzo Floridia-Bertini a Ragusa, patrimonio mondiale dell'umanità (UNESCO)
    Gangemi Editore International, 2018
    Co-Authors: Ventimiglia G., Gatto G.
    Abstract:

    Il contributo presenta le attività analitiche che hanno supportato l’elaborazione del progetto di restauro della facciata barocca del palazzo Bertini a Ragusa, inserito nella lista del Patrimonio Mondiale dell’Umanità UNESCO, e le fasi del cantiere di restauro, con particolare riguardo alle tecniche di pulitura, consolidamento e reintegrazione delle superfici architettoniche. Il palazzo è edificato alla fine del XVIII secolo lungo uno degli assi principali dell’impianto urbano sviluppato dopo il terremoto del 1693. L’originaria conformazione della facciata barocca viene modificata nel 1847, quando si esegue una significativa revisione dell’assetto stradale, con l’abbassamento della quota originaria: il portale è allungato e i tre portali minori divengono le aperture con balcone poste al piano intermedio; questi, nelle chiavi d’arco, recano scolpiti i “mascheroni” in pietra pece, ovvero le teste del mendicante, del nobiluomo e dell’uomo giunto dall’oriente. Il progetto di restauro è indirizzato verso la conservazione di tutti gli elementi dell’articolata facciata. Le operazioni di pulitura hanno previsto la rimozione dei fenomeni di degrado nel rispetto delle superfici materiche e delle patine naturali. Gli elementi architettonici di calcarenite e i mascheroni di pietra pece manifestavano consistenti fenomeni di disgregazione e croste nere, e sono stati consolidati - a seconda dei casi - con l’impiego del silicato d’etile o le applicazioni di soluzioni stabili a base di nano-calce, quindi puliti con acqua nebulizzata o impacchi di argilla con carbonato di ammonio; le patine biologiche sono state rimosse con sostanze biocida. La preliminare indagine termografica dell’intonaco settecentesco ha evidenziato i fenomeni di distacco dal supporto murario e guidato gli interventi di consolidamento con micro-iniezioni di calce idraulica e le reintegrazioni delle lacune. Sono stati rimossi alcuni elementi estranei, come i perni dei vecchi cavi elettrici ed alcuni rammendi cementizi. Le reintegrazioni nelle superfici intonacate sono state eseguite con particolare attenzione alla compatibilità chimico-fisica con le malte esistenti, verificata attraverso le indagini di laboratorio svolte su campioni d’intonaco in sezione sottile, che ne hanno evidenziato le caratteristiche mineralogico-petrografiche. L’intervento sui pregevoli elementi in ferro è condotto mediante l’asportazione con spazzole dello strato ossidativo e di altre sostanze estranee; il successivo trattamento ha interessato la protezione con cera microcristallina passata a pennello. Alcune simulazioni vettoriali, infine, hanno guidato l’operazione conclusiva di velatura in alcune aree della facciata barocca. Il contributo presenterà in dettaglio gli interventi svolti durante il cantiere di restauro ed il loro esito, evidenziando le riflessioni che hanno condotto alle scelte operative.Traced a preliminary historical annotation, the essay presents the analytical activities that supported the elab- oration of the restoration project of the baroque façade of Palazzo Bertini in Ragusa (included into the Unesco World Heritage List) and the phases of the restoration site regarding the techniques of cleaning, consolidation and reintegration of the stone surfaces and ancient plasters of the historical architecture. The building was erected in the late eighteenth century along one of the main axes of the urban system developed after the earthquake of 1693 in eastern Sicily. The original balance of the Baroque façade, however, was modified in 1847, when a significant overhaul of the road conformation was carried out, with the lowering of the original level. The main portal was lengthened and the three secondary portals became the openings with a balcony placed at the intermediate level; they are characterized by the three stone-pitched masks placed in the arch-wrench, which represent a “mendicant”, a “nobleman” and an “eastern man”. The restoration has been directed towards the most rigorous conservation of all the elements of the articulated Baroque façade. The cleaning operations provided for the removal of degradation phenomena respecting the material surfaces and natural patinas. The architectural elements of calcarenite and the masks of stone-pitch (a stone of asphaltic nature) had developed extensive and serious phenomena of disintegration and formation of black crusts; they have been consolidated - depending on the case - with the use of ethyl silicate or the applications of stable solutions based on micronized hydraulic lime, and, afterwards, cleaned with the nebulized water or the chemical packs with ammonium carbonate; the biological patinas have been removed with biocidal products. The preliminary thermographic investigation of the eighteenth-century plaster emphasized the phenomena of detachment from the wall support and scientifically guided the consolidation with the micro-injections of hydraulic lime and the reintegration of the lacunas. Some extraneous elements have been removed, such as the pins of old Electric Cables and some improper cement mendings. The reintegration of the gaps in the plastered surfaces has been carried out with attention to the chemical-physical compatibility with the existing mortars, verified through the laboratory tests on sample and thin slice of stone and plaster, which have highlighted their mineralogical- petrographic characteristics. The intervention on the valuable elements in wrought iron has been carried out by the removal with brushes of the oxidative layer and other accumulation substances; the subsequent treatment involved protection with microcrystalline wax passed by brush. Some computer simulations guided the final operation of “color veiling” (calcium carbonate water) in some areas of the Baroque façade. The article describes the interventions carried out during the restoration site and their outcome, recalling the reflections that led to the operational choices. A closing reflection wants to underline the importance of conservation of historical plasters and suggests avoiding the extensive repainting of the facades with colors of pure invention, which alter the perception of the urban scene in the historical districts

Gatto Giovanni - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Il cantiere di restauro della facciata barocca del palazzo Floridia-Bertini a Ragusa, patrimonio mondiale dell'umanità (UNESCO)
    Gangemi Editore International, 2018
    Co-Authors: Ventimiglia Gaspare, Gatto Giovanni
    Abstract:

    Il contributo presenta le attivit\ue0 analitiche che hanno supportato l\u2019elaborazione del progetto di restauro della facciata barocca del palazzo Bertini a Ragusa, inserito nella lista del Patrimonio Mondiale dell\u2019Umanit\ue0 UNESCO, e le fasi del cantiere di restauro, con particolare riguardo alle tecniche di pulitura, consolidamento e reintegrazione delle superfici architettoniche. Il palazzo \ue8 edificato alla fine del XVIII secolo lungo uno degli assi principali dell\u2019impianto urbano sviluppato dopo il terremoto del 1693. L\u2019originaria conformazione della facciata barocca viene modificata nel 1847, quando si esegue una significativa revisione dell\u2019assetto stradale, con l\u2019abbassamento della quota originaria: il portale \ue8 allungato e i tre portali minori divengono le aperture con balcone poste al piano intermedio; questi, nelle chiavi d\u2019arco, recano scolpiti i \u201cmascheroni\u201d in pietra pece, ovvero le teste del mendicante, del nobiluomo e dell\u2019uomo giunto dall\u2019oriente. Il progetto di restauro \ue8 indirizzato verso la conservazione di tutti gli elementi dell\u2019articolata facciata. Le operazioni di pulitura hanno previsto la rimozione dei fenomeni di degrado nel rispetto delle superfici materiche e delle patine naturali. Gli elementi architettonici di calcarenite e i mascheroni di pietra pece manifestavano consistenti fenomeni di disgregazione e croste nere, e sono stati consolidati - a seconda dei casi - con l\u2019impiego del silicato d\u2019etile o le applicazioni di soluzioni stabili a base di nano-calce, quindi puliti con acqua nebulizzata o impacchi di argilla con carbonato di ammonio; le patine biologiche sono state rimosse con sostanze biocida. La preliminare indagine termografica dell\u2019intonaco settecentesco ha evidenziato i fenomeni di distacco dal supporto murario e guidato gli interventi di consolidamento con micro-iniezioni di calce idraulica e le reintegrazioni delle lacune. Sono stati rimossi alcuni elementi estranei, come i perni dei vecchi cavi elettrici ed alcuni rammendi cementizi. Le reintegrazioni nelle superfici intonacate sono state eseguite con particolare attenzione alla compatibilit\ue0 chimico-fisica con le malte esistenti, verificata attraverso le indagini di laboratorio svolte su campioni d\u2019intonaco in sezione sottile, che ne hanno evidenziato le caratteristiche mineralogico-petrografiche. L\u2019intervento sui pregevoli elementi in ferro \ue8 condotto mediante l\u2019asportazione con spazzole dello strato ossidativo e di altre sostanze estranee; il successivo trattamento ha interessato la protezione con cera microcristallina passata a pennello. Alcune simulazioni vettoriali, infine, hanno guidato l\u2019operazione conclusiva di velatura in alcune aree della facciata barocca. Il contributo presenter\ue0 in dettaglio gli interventi svolti durante il cantiere di restauro ed il loro esito, evidenziando le riflessioni che hanno condotto alle scelte operative.Traced a preliminary historical annotation, the essay presents the analytical activities that supported the elab- oration of the restoration project of the baroque fa\ue7ade of Palazzo Bertini in Ragusa (included into the Unesco World Heritage List) and the phases of the restoration site regarding the techniques of cleaning, consolidation and reintegration of the stone surfaces and ancient plasters of the historical architecture. The building was erected in the late eighteenth century along one of the main axes of the urban system developed after the earthquake of 1693 in eastern Sicily. The original balance of the Baroque fa\ue7ade, however, was modified in 1847, when a significant overhaul of the road conformation was carried out, with the lowering of the original level. The main portal was lengthened and the three secondary portals became the openings with a balcony placed at the intermediate level; they are characterized by the three stone-pitched masks placed in the arch-wrench, which represent a \u201cmendicant\u201d, a \u201cnobleman\u201d and an \u201ceastern man\u201d. The restoration has been directed towards the most rigorous conservation of all the elements of the articulated Baroque fa\ue7ade. The cleaning operations provided for the removal of degradation phenomena respecting the material surfaces and natural patinas. The architectural elements of calcarenite and the masks of stone-pitch (a stone of asphaltic nature) had developed extensive and serious phenomena of disintegration and formation of black crusts; they have been consolidated - depending on the case - with the use of ethyl silicate or the applications of stable solutions based on micronized hydraulic lime, and, afterwards, cleaned with the nebulized water or the chemical packs with ammonium carbonate; the biological patinas have been removed with biocidal products. The preliminary thermographic investigation of the eighteenth-century plaster emphasized the phenomena of detachment from the wall support and scientifically guided the consolidation with the micro-injections of hydraulic lime and the reintegration of the lacunas. Some extraneous elements have been removed, such as the pins of old Electric Cables and some improper cement mendings. The reintegration of the gaps in the plastered surfaces has been carried out with attention to the chemical-physical compatibility with the existing mortars, verified through the laboratory tests on sample and thin slice of stone and plaster, which have highlighted their mineralogical- petrographic characteristics. The intervention on the valuable elements in wrought iron has been carried out by the removal with brushes of the oxidative layer and other accumulation substances; the subsequent treatment involved protection with microcrystalline wax passed by brush. Some computer simulations guided the final operation of \u201ccolor veiling\u201d (calcium carbonate water) in some areas of the Baroque fa\ue7ade. The article describes the interventions carried out during the restoration site and their outcome, recalling the reflections that led to the operational choices. A closing reflection wants to underline the importance of conservation of historical plasters and suggests avoiding the extensive repainting of the facades with colors of pure invention, which alter the perception of the urban scene in the historical districts

Kristian Krabbenhoft - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a unified lagrangian formulation for solid and fluid dynamics and its possibility for modelling submarine landslides and their consequences
    Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 2019
    Co-Authors: Xue Zhang, Eugenio Onate, Sergio Andres Galindo Torres, Jeremy Bleyer, Kristian Krabbenhoft
    Abstract:

    Consequences of submarine landslides include both their direct impact on offshore infrastructure, such as subsea Electric Cables and gas/oil pipelines, and their indirect impact via the generated tsunami. The simulation of submarine landslides and their consequences has been a long-standing challenge majorly due to the strong coupling among sliding sediments, seawater and infrastructure as well as the induced extreme material deformation during the complete process. In this paper, we propose a unified finite element formulation for solid and fluid dynamics based on a generalised Hellinger–Reissner variational principle so that the coupling of fluid and solid can be achieved naturally in a monolithic fashion. In order to tackle extreme deformation problems, the resulting formulation is implemented within the framework of the particle finite element method. The correctness and robustness of the proposed unified formulation for single-phase problems (e.g. fluid dynamics problems involving Newtonian/Non-Newtonian flows and solid dynamics problems) as well as for multi-phase problems (e.g. two-phase flows) are verified against benchmarks. Comparisons are carried out against numerical and analytical solutions or experimental data that are available in the literature. Last but not least, the possibility of the proposed approach for modelling submarine landslides and their consequences is demonstrated via a numerical experiment of an underwater slope stability problem. It is shown that the failure and post-failure processes of the underwater slope can be predicted in a single simulation with its direct threat to a nearby pipeline and indirect threat by generating tsunami being estimated as well.

M Pohl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • feasibility of acoustic neutrino detection in ice design and performance of the south pole acoustic test setup spats
    arXiv: Astrophysics, 2008
    Co-Authors: Sebastian Boeser, C Bohm, F Descamps, J Fischer, A Hallgren, R Heller, S Hundertmark, K Krieger, R Nahnhauer, M Pohl
    Abstract:

    The South Pole Acoustic Test Setup (SPATS) has been built to evaluate the acoustic characteristics of the South Pole ice in the 10 to 100 kHz frequency range so that the feasibility and specific design of an acoustic neutrino detection array at South Pole can be evaluated. SPATS consists of three vertical strings that were deployed in the upper 400 meters of the South Pole ice cap in January 2007, using the upper part of IceCube holes. The strings form a triangular array with the longest baseline 421 meters. Each of them has 7 stages with one transmitter and one sensor module. Both are equipped with piezoElectric ceramic elements in order to produce or detect sound. Analog signals are brought to the surface on Electric Cables where they are digitized by a PC-based data acquisition system. The data from all three strings are collected on a master-PC in a central facility, from which they are sent to the northern hemisphere via a satellite link or locally stored on tape. A technical overview of the SPATS detector and its performance is presented.

  • feasibility of acoustic neutrino detection in ice design and performance of the south pole acoustic test setup spats
    International Cosmic Ray Conference, 2008
    Co-Authors: C Bohm, F Descamps, J Fischer, A Hallgren, R Heller, S Hundertmark, K Krieger, R Nahnhauer, M Pohl, P B Price
    Abstract:

    Freija.Descamps@Ugent.beAbstract: The South Pole Acoustic Test Setup (SPATS) has been built to evaluate the acoustic charac-teristics of the South Pole ice in the 10 to 100 kHz frequency range so that the feasibility and specificdesign of an acoustic neutrino detection array at South Pole can be evaluated. SPATS consists of threevertical strings that were deployed in the upper 400 meters of the South Pole ice cap in January 2007,using the upper part of IceCube holes. The strings form a triangular array with the longest baseline 421meters. Each of them has 7 stages with one transmitter and one sensor module. Both are equipped withpiezoElectric ceramic elements in order to produce or detect sound. Analog signals are brought to thesurface on Electric Cables where they are digitized by a PC-based data acquisition system. The data fromall three strings are collected on a master-PC in a central facility, from which they are sent to the northernhemisphere via a satellite link or locally stored on tape. A technical overview of the SPATS detector andits performance is presented.

Ventimiglia G. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Il cantiere di restauro della facciata barocca del palazzo Floridia-Bertini a Ragusa, patrimonio mondiale dell'umanità (UNESCO)
    Gangemi Editore International, 2018
    Co-Authors: Ventimiglia G., Gatto G.
    Abstract:

    Il contributo presenta le attività analitiche che hanno supportato l’elaborazione del progetto di restauro della facciata barocca del palazzo Bertini a Ragusa, inserito nella lista del Patrimonio Mondiale dell’Umanità UNESCO, e le fasi del cantiere di restauro, con particolare riguardo alle tecniche di pulitura, consolidamento e reintegrazione delle superfici architettoniche. Il palazzo è edificato alla fine del XVIII secolo lungo uno degli assi principali dell’impianto urbano sviluppato dopo il terremoto del 1693. L’originaria conformazione della facciata barocca viene modificata nel 1847, quando si esegue una significativa revisione dell’assetto stradale, con l’abbassamento della quota originaria: il portale è allungato e i tre portali minori divengono le aperture con balcone poste al piano intermedio; questi, nelle chiavi d’arco, recano scolpiti i “mascheroni” in pietra pece, ovvero le teste del mendicante, del nobiluomo e dell’uomo giunto dall’oriente. Il progetto di restauro è indirizzato verso la conservazione di tutti gli elementi dell’articolata facciata. Le operazioni di pulitura hanno previsto la rimozione dei fenomeni di degrado nel rispetto delle superfici materiche e delle patine naturali. Gli elementi architettonici di calcarenite e i mascheroni di pietra pece manifestavano consistenti fenomeni di disgregazione e croste nere, e sono stati consolidati - a seconda dei casi - con l’impiego del silicato d’etile o le applicazioni di soluzioni stabili a base di nano-calce, quindi puliti con acqua nebulizzata o impacchi di argilla con carbonato di ammonio; le patine biologiche sono state rimosse con sostanze biocida. La preliminare indagine termografica dell’intonaco settecentesco ha evidenziato i fenomeni di distacco dal supporto murario e guidato gli interventi di consolidamento con micro-iniezioni di calce idraulica e le reintegrazioni delle lacune. Sono stati rimossi alcuni elementi estranei, come i perni dei vecchi cavi elettrici ed alcuni rammendi cementizi. Le reintegrazioni nelle superfici intonacate sono state eseguite con particolare attenzione alla compatibilità chimico-fisica con le malte esistenti, verificata attraverso le indagini di laboratorio svolte su campioni d’intonaco in sezione sottile, che ne hanno evidenziato le caratteristiche mineralogico-petrografiche. L’intervento sui pregevoli elementi in ferro è condotto mediante l’asportazione con spazzole dello strato ossidativo e di altre sostanze estranee; il successivo trattamento ha interessato la protezione con cera microcristallina passata a pennello. Alcune simulazioni vettoriali, infine, hanno guidato l’operazione conclusiva di velatura in alcune aree della facciata barocca. Il contributo presenterà in dettaglio gli interventi svolti durante il cantiere di restauro ed il loro esito, evidenziando le riflessioni che hanno condotto alle scelte operative.Traced a preliminary historical annotation, the essay presents the analytical activities that supported the elab- oration of the restoration project of the baroque façade of Palazzo Bertini in Ragusa (included into the Unesco World Heritage List) and the phases of the restoration site regarding the techniques of cleaning, consolidation and reintegration of the stone surfaces and ancient plasters of the historical architecture. The building was erected in the late eighteenth century along one of the main axes of the urban system developed after the earthquake of 1693 in eastern Sicily. The original balance of the Baroque façade, however, was modified in 1847, when a significant overhaul of the road conformation was carried out, with the lowering of the original level. The main portal was lengthened and the three secondary portals became the openings with a balcony placed at the intermediate level; they are characterized by the three stone-pitched masks placed in the arch-wrench, which represent a “mendicant”, a “nobleman” and an “eastern man”. The restoration has been directed towards the most rigorous conservation of all the elements of the articulated Baroque façade. The cleaning operations provided for the removal of degradation phenomena respecting the material surfaces and natural patinas. The architectural elements of calcarenite and the masks of stone-pitch (a stone of asphaltic nature) had developed extensive and serious phenomena of disintegration and formation of black crusts; they have been consolidated - depending on the case - with the use of ethyl silicate or the applications of stable solutions based on micronized hydraulic lime, and, afterwards, cleaned with the nebulized water or the chemical packs with ammonium carbonate; the biological patinas have been removed with biocidal products. The preliminary thermographic investigation of the eighteenth-century plaster emphasized the phenomena of detachment from the wall support and scientifically guided the consolidation with the micro-injections of hydraulic lime and the reintegration of the lacunas. Some extraneous elements have been removed, such as the pins of old Electric Cables and some improper cement mendings. The reintegration of the gaps in the plastered surfaces has been carried out with attention to the chemical-physical compatibility with the existing mortars, verified through the laboratory tests on sample and thin slice of stone and plaster, which have highlighted their mineralogical- petrographic characteristics. The intervention on the valuable elements in wrought iron has been carried out by the removal with brushes of the oxidative layer and other accumulation substances; the subsequent treatment involved protection with microcrystalline wax passed by brush. Some computer simulations guided the final operation of “color veiling” (calcium carbonate water) in some areas of the Baroque façade. The article describes the interventions carried out during the restoration site and their outcome, recalling the reflections that led to the operational choices. A closing reflection wants to underline the importance of conservation of historical plasters and suggests avoiding the extensive repainting of the facades with colors of pure invention, which alter the perception of the urban scene in the historical districts