The Experts below are selected from a list of 315 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Michael G. Pollitt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Evaluating the evidence on Electricity Reform: Lessons for the South East Europe (SEE) market
Utilities Policy, 2009Co-Authors: Michael G. PollittAbstract:Abstract This paper discusses the evidence on Electricity Reform and relates it to the current situation of the South East Europe (SEE) Electricity market. We begin by discussing the main elements of the European Union (EU) Electricity Reform model. Then we go on to discuss emerging good practice in the regulation of national Electricity markets in the EU. This is important because it reflects the key role placed on independent regulation of the Electricity sector in the EU Reform model. Next, we evaluate the empirical evidence on the success of the EU Reform model in particular and the success of Electricity Reforms more generally. This leads on to a discussion of the particular context of SEE Electricity Reform and what specific issues this raises. We conclude with a discussion of the importance of more general institutional context of SEE Electricity Reform. The paper suggests that it will be a substantial, but worthwhile, challenge to create a workable supra-national Electricity market in the region.
-
Electricity Reform in argentina lessons for developing countries
Energy Economics, 2008Co-Authors: Michael G. PollittAbstract:Argentina was one of the first countries in the world to implement a comprehensive Reform of its Electricity sector. Among developing countries only Chile has had a comparably comprehensive and successful Reform. This paper traces the history of the Argentine Reform, which began in 1992, and assesses its progress and its lessons. We conclude that the Reform was very successful prior to the collapse of the Argentine peso in early 2002. We suggest lessons for the generation, transmission and distribution (and retailing) sectors, as well as the economic regulation of Electricity and the general institutional environment. We note that the achievements of the sector have been severely strained by the government's poor energy policy since the crisis.
-
evaluating the evidence on Electricity Reform lessons for the south east europe see market
2007Co-Authors: Michael G. PollittAbstract:This paper discusses the evidence on Electricity Reform and relates it to the current situation of the South East Europe (SEE) Electricity market. We begin by discussing the main elements of the European Union (EU) Electricity Reform model. Then we go on to discuss emerging good practice in the regulation of national Electricity markets in the EU. This is important because it reflects the key role placed on independent regulation of the Electricity sector in the EU Reform model. Next, we evaluate the empirical evidence on the success of the EU Reform model in particular before and the success of Electricity Reforms more generally. This leads on to a discussion of the particular context of SEE Electricity Reform and what specific issues this raises. We conclude with a discussion of the importance of more general institutional context of SEE Electricity Reform. The paper suggests that it will be a substantial, but worthwhile, challenge to create a workable supra-national Electricity market in the region.
-
Electricity sector Reform in developing countries a survey of empirical evidence on determinants and performance
2005Co-Authors: Tooraj Jamasb, David M. Newbery, Raffaella Mota, Michael G. PollittAbstract:Driven by ideology, economic reasoning, and early success stories, vast amounts of financial resources and effort have been spent on Reforming infrastructure industries in developing countries. It is therefore important to examine whether evidence supports the logic of Reforms. The authors review the empirical evidence on Electricity Reform in developing countries. They find that country institutions and sector governance play an important role in the success and failure of Reform. And Reforms also appear to have increased operating efficiency and expanded access to urban customers. However, the Reforms have to a lesser degree passed on efficiency gains to customers, tackled distributional effects, and improved rural access. Moreover, some of the literature is not methodologically robust and on par with general development economics literature. Further, findings on some issues are limited and inconclusive, while other important areas are yet to be addressed. Until we know more, implementation of Reforms will be more based on ideology and economic theory rather than solid economic evidence.
-
Electricity Reform in argentina lessons for developing countries
2004Co-Authors: Michael G. PollittAbstract:Argentina was one of the first countries in the world to implement a comprehensive Reform of its Electricity sector in the recent period. Among developing countries only Chile has had a comparably comprehensive and successful Reform. This paper traces the history of the Argentine Reform, which began in 1992, and assesses its progress and its lessons. We conclude that the Reform was very successful prior to the collapse of the Argentine peso in early 2002. We suggest lessons for the generation, transmission and distribution sectors, as well as the economic regulation of Electricity and the general institutional environment favourable to Reform. We note that the achievements of the sector are now threatened by the delays in tackling the financial consequences of the peso devaluation.
Fredrich Kahrl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Electricity Reform and sustainable development in china
Environmental Research Letters, 2008Co-Authors: James H Williams, Fredrich KahrlAbstract:Reducing the environmental impact of supplying Electricity is a key to China's sustainable development, and a focus of both domestic and international concerns with greenhouse gas emissions. The environmental performance of the Electricity sector is strongly affected by its institutional arrangements: regulatory frameworks, wholesale markets, pricing mechanisms, planning and coordination, and enforcement and incentive mechanisms. These arrangements are set to change as Electricity Reforms inaugurated in 2002, but sidetracked by several years of supply shortages, are being resumed. In this paper we examine the impact of Electricity Reform on environmental sustainability by analyzing case studies of four environmental initiatives in the Electricity sector: retirement of inefficient generators, installation of pollution control equipment, renewable energy development, and efforts to promote energy efficiency. We find that implementation of these policies falls short of objectives for two main underlying reasons: conflicting priorities between central and provincial governments, and ineffective regulation. Sustainability will be best served not by redoubling short-term supply-oriented, market-based Reforms, but by better aligning central and provincial government incentives, and by developing competent, independent regulation at the provincial level. China's central government and sub-national governments in industrialized countries can both contribute to the latter goal.
Rabindra Nepal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
In between the state and the market: An empirical assessment of the early achievements of China's 2015 Electricity Reform
Energy Economics, 2021Co-Authors: Xuemei Zheng, Flavio M. Menezes, Rabindra NepalAbstract:This is the first study to investigate and quantify the extent to which the 2015 Reform has already impacted the economic and technical performance as well as the security of supply of China's Electricity sector. We use provincial data from 2003 to 2018 to estimate the impacts of the Reform on on-grid prices, average retail Electricity prices (including those for households) and supply reliability. We adopt fixed effect models together with other dynamic panel data models. We find that the 2015 Reform has already had a negative impact on on-grid prices of Electricity generated from thermal energy and on overall average retail prices, but the impacts on other prices are not statistically significant. Our results also suggest that the 2015 Reform has significantly induced improvement to technical efficiency, as measured by the coal burned per unit of thermal generation, but no impact on the line loss rate of Electricity transmission. In addition, our empirical analysis suggests that the 2015 Reform has reduced reliability and increased the instances of supply interruptions. These results are robust to different estimators and models. Finally, the effect of the Reform is heterogeneous across regions. Our findings suggest that additional steps are needed to further improve the overall economic efficiency of the Electricity sector in China, despite significant progress arising from the 2015 Reform. The results may also provide useful lessons for other developing economies aiming to Reform their power sectors and who are facing similar choices between the roles of the state and the market in ensuring efficient outcomes.
-
Small systems, big targets : power sector Reforms and renewable energy in small systems.
Energy Policy, 2018Co-Authors: Rabindra Nepal, Tooraj Jamasb, Anupama SenAbstract:There is some consensus that the traditional energy-only Electricity markets, where prices are based on system marginal cost, cannot function efficiently with both fossil fuels and renewables, resulting in market disruptions and price volatility. Consequently, much effort has been focused on how to integrate these different resources in larger and mature Electricity systems such as the use of capacity markets in addition to energy-only markets. This paper argues that the effectiveness of competition is limited by the size of an Electricity system and there is a threshold size (and associated characteristics such as tropical locations, lack of access, and the prevalence of remote communities of consumers) below which competition will not produce the expected outcomes. This paper contributes to the policy discourse by discussing the Reform of small Electricity systems to integrate renewable energy via the means of three case studies: Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Australia's Northern Territory. The paper concludes that Electricity Reforms and renewables can be complementary in small systems when supported by appropriate instruments and incentives. We draw policy lessons for other small systems that are pursuing a triad of objectives including Electricity Reform, large-scale renewables development and improving energy access.
Russell Pittman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Electricity Reform in serbia
Utilities Policy, 2009Co-Authors: Sandra Jednak, Dragana Kragulj, Milica Bulajic, Russell PittmanAbstract:Abstract According to the Agreement on Stabilization and Integration to European Union, Serbia is obligatory to implement Reforms in power sector and its power policy must be in accordance with the European Union power policy. Power sector Reforms in Serbia have been started, and certain results were achieved. But, electric power infrastructure became technologically obsolete, and for its reconstruction significant investments and the active part of the state are necessary. Operative efficiency is at very low level. Also, Serbia has not yet decided whether Serbian Electric Power Industry will be privatized or not and if it is privatized which model will be applied and when.
-
Electricity Reform in serbia
2008Co-Authors: Sandra Jednak, Dragana Kragulj, Milica Bulajic, Russell PittmanAbstract:According to the Agreement on Stabilisation and Integration to European Union, Serbia is obliged to implement Reforms in the power sector and its power policy must be in accordance with the European Union power policy. Power sector Reforms in Serbia have been started, and certain results were achieved. But, the electric power infrastructure became technologically obsolete, and for its reconstruction significant investments and the active participation of the state are necessary. Operative efficiency is at very low level. Also, Serbia has not yet decided whether the Serbian Electric Power Industry will be privatised, and if it is privatised which model will be applied and when.
-
Electricity Reform in romania
2008Co-Authors: Oana Diaconu, Gheorghe Oprescu, Russell PittmanAbstract:Romania is a net exporter of Electricity to the SE Europe region. Its performance of this role will increase in importance with a) the completion of another nuclear generator and b) improvement in capacity for international transmission. Romania has committed itself to an Electricity restructuring plan that includes vertical separation, but plans remain uncertain regarding the horizontal restructuring of generation. Among the more important issues yet to be decided are a) how hydro capacity will be allocated – it has more than ¼ of capacity and enjoys low costs – and b) how many thermal generation enterprises will be created, and with what assets. With more than ½ of the thermal capacity accounted for by CHP plants and with a winter demand peak for the foreseeable future, there is a real danger of inflexibility and a lack of competitiveness in a liberalised wholesale Electricity market.
-
Railways Reform and Electricity Reform in Russia, and the Role of the Ministry for Antimonopoly Policy
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2003Co-Authors: Russell PittmanAbstract:The Russian Federation is in the process of making major structural changes to its railway and Electricity sectors. Both sectors will be at least partly vertically disintegrated, with the aim of creating competition in the "upstream" sector while maintaining state ownership and control of the monopoly "grid". This paper examines the details of Reform and restructuring in the context of the international experience with Reform and restructuring in these two sectors, and considers the role of the Ministry for Antimonopoly Policy in Reform, both in the past as an "advocate for competition" within the government and in the future as the guarantor of nondiscriminatory access to the grids by non-integrated upstream producers.
Anupama Sen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Small systems, big targets : power sector Reforms and renewable energy in small systems.
Energy Policy, 2018Co-Authors: Rabindra Nepal, Tooraj Jamasb, Anupama SenAbstract:There is some consensus that the traditional energy-only Electricity markets, where prices are based on system marginal cost, cannot function efficiently with both fossil fuels and renewables, resulting in market disruptions and price volatility. Consequently, much effort has been focused on how to integrate these different resources in larger and mature Electricity systems such as the use of capacity markets in addition to energy-only markets. This paper argues that the effectiveness of competition is limited by the size of an Electricity system and there is a threshold size (and associated characteristics such as tropical locations, lack of access, and the prevalence of remote communities of consumers) below which competition will not produce the expected outcomes. This paper contributes to the policy discourse by discussing the Reform of small Electricity systems to integrate renewable energy via the means of three case studies: Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Australia's Northern Territory. The paper concludes that Electricity Reforms and renewables can be complementary in small systems when supported by appropriate instruments and incentives. We draw policy lessons for other small systems that are pursuing a triad of objectives including Electricity Reform, large-scale renewables development and improving energy access.
-
Diversity in Unity: An Empirical Analysis of Electricity Deregulation in Indian States
The Energy Journal, 2012Co-Authors: Anupama Sen, Tooraj JamasbAbstract:As developing countries seek to improve their economic prospects, Electricity Reform has been widely viewed as a central part of this effort. While the focus of most research to date has been at economy or utility level, there has been much less research on regional outcomes. India presents a unique case, as its states share a common economic and political system, whilst having been given considerable flexibility in how they implement Reform, thus allowing a comparative analysis of alternative approaches to Reform. This study presents an econometric analysis of the determinants and impact of Electricity Reform in India, giving special regard to its political economy and regional diversity. It assesses how Electricity Reform in India has affected key economic variables that determine sectoral efficiency, prices and investment flows. We use panel data for 19 states, spanning 1991-2007, using dynamic panel data estimators. Results show that individual Reform measures have affected key economic variables differently; thus the nature of Reform in individual states would determine these economic outcomes. Findings suggest that due to political economy factors, outcomes have tended to be adverse in the initial stages of Reform, as previously hidden distortions become apparent. The performance of Reforms, however, may improve as the Reform progresses beyond a `baseline' level.
-
The Economic Effects of Electricity Deregulation: An Empirical Analysis of Indian States Draft for International Conference on Infrastructure Economics and Development, Toulouse, January 2010.
2010Co-Authors: Anupama Sen, Tooraj JamasbAbstract:As developing countries seek to improve their economic prospects, Electricity Reform has been widely viewed as a central part of this effort. While the focus of most research to date has been at economy or utility level; there has been much less research on regional outcomes. India presents a unique case, as its states share a common economic and political system, whilst having been given considerable flexibility in how they implement Reform, thus allowing a comparative analysis of alternative approaches. This study contributes through an econometric analysis of the determinants and impact of Electricity Reform in India, giving special regard to its political economy and regional diversity. It assesses how Electricity Reform in India has affected key economic variables that determine sectoral efficiency, prices and investment flows. We use panel data for 19 states, spanning 1991-2007, using dynamic panel data estimators. Results show that individual Reform measures have affected key economic variables differently; thus the nature of Reform in individual states would determine these economic outcomes. Findings suggest that due to political economy factors influencing Reform, outcomes have tended to be adverse in the initial stages, as previously hidden distortions become apparent. The performance of Reforms, however, may improve as it progresses beyond a ‘baseline’ level.