The Experts below are selected from a list of 312 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
David Julian Mcclements - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Enhancing emulsion functionality using multilayer technology: Coating lipid droplets with saponin-polypeptide-polysaccharide layers by Electrostatic Deposition
Food Research International, 2020Co-Authors: Jorge L. Muriel Mundo, Hualu Zhou, Yunbing Tan, Jinning Liu, David Julian McclementsAbstract:Abstract Electrically charged food-grade biopolymers can be used to form multilayer coatings around the lipid droplets in oil-in-water emulsions using a sequential layer-by-layer Electrostatic Deposition approach. In principle, this approach can be used to improve the stability and enhance the functionality of food emulsions. In this study, multilayer coatings were formed from saponins, polypeptides, and polysaccharides using medium chain triglyceride (MCT) lipid droplets as templates (pH 4.0). First, an emulsion containing negatively charged lipid droplets was created using quillaja saponin (QS) as an anionic emulsifier. Second, these anionic droplets were coated with a cationic polypeptide (poly-L-lysine, PLL) to form positively-charged droplets. Finally, these cationic droplets were coated with a negatively-charged polysaccharide, either pectin (PE) or κ-carrageenan (KC), to form anionic droplets. Overall, the 1-layer emulsions had the best resistance to salt, pH, and heat, indicating that quillaja saponins were effective emulsifiers. The 2-layer emulsions had better pH-stability than the 3-layer emulsions, which tended to strongly aggregate under acidic conditions. Conversely, the 3-layer emulsions had better salt-stability than the 2-layer emulsions, which tended to aggregate strongly even at low salt levels (50–100 mM NaCl). All the emulsions were relatively stable to heating (90 °C, 30 min). Overall, our results provide useful insights into the formulation of stable multilayer emulsions from food-grade emulsifiers and biopolymers. There appears to be little advantage to using the multilayer technology to enhance the physical stability of saponin-coated lipid droplets, but there may be advantages in terms of extending their functional properties, which will be explored in future studies.
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Fabrication and characterization of nanoemulsion-coated microgels: Electrostatic Deposition of lipid droplets on alginate beads
Food Hydrocolloids, 2017Co-Authors: Hui Wang, Zipei Zhang, David Julian McclementsAbstract:Nanoemulsion-coated microgels were formed by Electrostatic Deposition of protein-stabilized lipid droplets onto the surfaces of alginate beads. Initially, oil-in-water nanoemulsions stabilized by whey protein isolate (WPI) were fabricated using high-pressure microfluidization, and calcium alginate beads were fabricated by injection of an alginate solution into a calcium solution. The surface potential of the protein-stabilized lipid droplets changed from positive to negative as the pH was increased from 2 to 8, whereas that of the alginate beads remained negative at all pH values. Confocal microscopy, light scattering, turbidity and ζ-potential measurements indicated that a thin layer of lipid droplets adsorbed to the surfaces of the alginate beads at pH values below the isoelectric point of the proteins, which was attributed to Electrostatic attraction between the cationic droplets and anionic beads. The apparent shear viscosity of emulsion-bead mixtures was appreciably higher than emulsions with the same fat content at high droplet concentrations (≥20%). This study may provide a novel approach of improving the mouthfeel and texture of foods and beverages, or of reducing the overall fat content of emulsion-based products.
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Tuneable stability of nanoemulsions fabricated using spontaneous emulsification by biopolymer Electrostatic Deposition
Journal of colloid and interface science, 2015Co-Authors: Amir Hossein Saberi, Benjamin Zeeb, Jochen Weiss, David Julian McclementsAbstract:Abstract Nanoemulsions can be formed spontaneously from surfactant–oil–water systems using low energy methods. In this work, we showed that the droplets in oil–in–water nanoemulsions fabricated by spontaneous emulsification could be coated with an anionic biopolymer (beet pectin) using Electrostatic Deposition. Nanoemulsions were formed by titrating oil (medium chain triglycerides) and surfactant (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate + lauric arginate) mixtures into an aqueous solution (10 mM citrate buffer, pH 4). Lauric arginate was used to generate a positive charge on the droplet surfaces, thereby enabling subsequent Electrostatic Deposition of anionic pectin. Extensive droplet aggregation occurred when intermediate pectin concentrations were used due to bridging flocculation. However, stable anionic pectin-coated lipid droplets could be formed at high pectin concentrations. These results demonstrate the possibility of tailoring the functionality of lipid nanodroplets produced by spontaneous emulsification.
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fabrication of biopolymer nanoparticles by antisolvent precipitation and Electrostatic Deposition zein alginate core shell nanoparticles
Food Hydrocolloids, 2015Co-Authors: David Julian McclementsAbstract:Core-shell biopolymer nanoparticles were prepared using antisolvent precipitation to form surfactant-stabilized zein core nanoparticles and then Electrostatic Deposition to form an alginate shell. The particle yield was relatively high (95%). The nanoparticles had a core diameter of about 80 nm, a shell thickness of about 40 nm, and an electrical charge of about −21 mV (pH 4.0). The amount of alginate required to saturate the surfaces of the zein nanoparticles was 2.0 mg/m2. The nanoparticle suspensions had relatively good stability to pH: the particles were stable to aggregation from pH 3 to 8, but aggregated at pH 2 due to loss of charge. They were also relatively stable to elevated ionic strengths: the particles were stable to aggregation up to 100 mM NaCl at pH 7.0 and up to 2.0 M NaCl at pH 4.0. The suspensions had good thermal stability at pH 7, i.e., no increase in particle size after heating at 90 °C for 120 min. Nevertheless, some particle growth was observed during heating at pH 4 for 2 h. The core/shell biopolymer nanoparticles fabricated in this study have potential to be used as nano-delivery systems for bioactive molecules in food and pharmaceutical formulations.
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Fabrication of biopolymer nanoparticles by antisolvent precipitation and Electrostatic Deposition: Zein-alginate core/shell nanoparticles
Food Hydrocolloids, 2015Co-Authors: David Julian McclementsAbstract:Core-shell biopolymer nanoparticles were prepared using antisolvent precipitation to form surfactant-stabilized zein core nanoparticles and then Electrostatic Deposition to form an alginate shell. The particle yield was relatively high (95%). The nanoparticles had a core diameter of about 80 nm, a shell thickness of about 40 nm, and an electrical charge of about −21 mV (pH 4.0). The amount of alginate required to saturate the surfaces of the zein nanoparticles was 2.0 mg/m2. The nanoparticle suspensions had relatively good stability to pH: the particles were stable to aggregation from pH 3 to 8, but aggregated at pH 2 due to loss of charge. They were also relatively stable to elevated ionic strengths: the particles were stable to aggregation up to 100 mM NaCl at pH 7.0 and up to 2.0 M NaCl at pH 4.0. The suspensions had good thermal stability at pH 7, i.e., no increase in particle size after heating at 90 °C for 120 min. Nevertheless, some particle growth was observed during heating at pH 4 for 2 h. The core/shell biopolymer nanoparticles fabricated in this study have potential to be used as nano-delivery systems for bioactive molecules in food and pharmaceutical formulations.
Toshiro Higuchi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Standing wave type surface acoustic wave atomizer
Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 2008Co-Authors: Yutaka Yamagata, H. Ohmori, Toshiro HiguchiAbstract:A new standing wave type surface acoustic wave (SAW) atomizer is proposed and tested. To investigate atomization characteristics, the earlier progressive wave and the proposed standing wave types of atomizer are compared by means of vibration mode, atomization speed, and Electrostatic Deposition tests. In the case of the vibration mode and atomization speed tests, the standing wave type showed higher standing wave ratio (SWR) and slower atomization speed than the progressive wave type. In the Electrostatic Deposition test, a liquid sample is atomized by two types of SAW atomizer combined with two different driving modes, namely continuous and intermittent drive. The deposited dry particles are then measured by field-emission type scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and particle sizes are calculated by image processing software. In the results, only the standing wave with continuous drive showed no second peak within size distribution.
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Paper ID ICLASS06-211 COMPARISON STUDY ON Electrostatic Deposition METHODS USING ELECTROSPRAY, SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVE ATOMIZER AND MESH-TYPE NEBULIZER
2006Co-Authors: Joon-wan Kim, H. Ohmori, K. Inoue, Yutaka Yamagata, Toshiro HiguchiAbstract:Patterning and Deposition of biomacromolecule or organic materials are important technology in the variety of fields. Dry direct patterning method combining liquid atomizer and Electrostatic Deposition is considered to be one promising method in terms of patterning resolution and uniformity. Thus, to evaluate characteristics of the dry direct patterning method, we tested three types of atomizers: electrospray (ESD), surface acoustic wave atomizer (SAW-ED) and mesh-type nebulizer (Nebulizer-ED). Average diameters of each method are 0.1 µm (ESD), 0.11 µm (SAW-ED) and 0.25 µm (Nebulizer-ED) by using 0.5 mg/ml protein solution. Initial atomized droplet size is estimated from deposited particle. Mean diameters of initial atomized droplets are 1.3 µm (ESD), 1.4 µm (SAW-ED) and 3.2 µm (Mesh-type nebulizer). Collection efficiency and atomizing speed is 26 %, 0.01 µl/s (ESD), 2.2 %, 0.3 µl/s (SAW-ED) and 0.8 %, 7 µl/s (Nebulizer-ED). Concerning the particle size, ESD and SAW-ED had superior performance.
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A device for fabricating protein chips by using a surface acoustic wave atomizer and Electrostatic Deposition
Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2005Co-Authors: Joon-wan Kim, H. Ohmori, Yutaka Yamagata, Masaya Takasaki, Bumhwan Lee, Toshiro HiguchiAbstract:We propose a new advanced fabrication method for protein chips using a surface acoustic wave atomizer and Electrostatic Deposition, named SAW-ED. A SAW atomizer is utilized in order to spray extremely small droplets, while the Electrostatic force and shadow mask are used for collecting the charged particles onto the Deposition substrate with the designed pattern. To estimate the quality of SAW-ED, we performed experiments concerning particle-size uniformity, the shapes of protein Deposition, protein bioactivity, Deposition rate, fluorescent uniformity, spot-size uniformity and collection efficiency. Protein Deposition of BSA was formed in a completely dry state and particle diameter ranged from 0.05 to 0.7 μm. By utilizing an insulator mask, protein patterns with complex shapes were formed with relatively uniform thickness distribution. The Deposition of luciferase was conducted and bioluminescence showed its activity was preserved. The chips of multi anti-IgG antibodies were also formed and their specific bioactivity as an immunoglobulin was verified by luminescence immunoassay. The detecting sensitivity reached as low as 1 ng/ml mouse IgG by fluorescence immunoassay. Deposition rate is linear to atomization time. Coefficient of variation in the fluorescence and the mean diameter of SAW-ED spots are 0.0356 and 0.0361 respectively. By using a collimating electrode, the collection efficiency increased up to 33.3%.
Jochen Weiss - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Change of Multiple-Layered Phospholipid Vesicles Produced by Electrostatic Deposition of Polymers during Storage
International Journal of Food Engineering, 2016Co-Authors: Jiyeon Chun, Jochen Weiss, Monika Gibis, Mi-jung Choi, Geun-pyo HongAbstract:In this study, 1 wt% lecithin (–), chitosan (+), and λ-carrageenan (–) were prepared to manufacture multiple-layered liposomes with optimal formulations developed in a previous study by using layer-by-layer Electrostatic Deposition. We observed their particle size, ζ-potential, sedimentation behavior, and microstructure for 6 weeks. Multiple-layered liposomes were quenched with calcein to evaluate stability in terms of factors such as encapsulation efficiency and released amount of calcein. The particle size of multi-layered liposomes increased with storage periods and the ζ-potential of multiple-layered liposomes gained a neutral charge. Interestingly, negatively charged layered liposomes were smaller than positively charged layered liposomes and showed a lower polydispersity index. Moreover, the ζ-potential did not apparently change compared to positively charged layered liposomes. For the calcein release study, multiple-layered liposomes significantly sustained quenched calcein more than that observed using non-layered liposomes. This study showed that it was possible to increase the thickness of the liposome surface and to manipulate its charge using chitosan and λ-carrageenan through Electrostatic Deposition. Results showed that manufacturing negatively charged multiple-layer (over 4-layer) liposomes with charged biopolymer improved the physicochemical stability of liposomes.
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Formation of nanostructured colloidosomes using Electrostatic Deposition of solid lipid nanoparticles onto an oil droplet interface
Food Research International, 2016Co-Authors: Hanna Salminen, Thrandur Helgason, Bjarki Kristinsson, Kristberg Kristbergsson, Jochen WeissAbstract:Abstract This study describes the assembly of colloidosomes by adsorbing solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) onto the interfaces of oil-in-water emulsion droplets via Electrostatic Deposition technique. Oil-in-water emulsions (10% w / w corn oil, 1% w / w whey protein isolate in water) and SLN (10% octadecane, 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate in water) were prepared using a microfluidizer. The surface saturation concentration ( C sat ) of negatively charged SLN adsorbed onto the positively charged oil-in-water emulsions (at oil droplet concentration of 0.5%) at pH 3 was investigated by measuring ζ-potential, and particle size, as well as assessing the microstructure by optical microscopy. Each of these methods depicted C sat between 1.1–1.5% ( w / w ). The results were explained by calculating theoretical C sat using molecular forces acting between the adsorbed droplets as described by the DLVO theory. We demonstrated that the surface saturation of SLN on emulsion droplets depends on the particle size population.
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Tuneable stability of nanoemulsions fabricated using spontaneous emulsification by biopolymer Electrostatic Deposition
Journal of colloid and interface science, 2015Co-Authors: Amir Hossein Saberi, Benjamin Zeeb, Jochen Weiss, David Julian McclementsAbstract:Abstract Nanoemulsions can be formed spontaneously from surfactant–oil–water systems using low energy methods. In this work, we showed that the droplets in oil–in–water nanoemulsions fabricated by spontaneous emulsification could be coated with an anionic biopolymer (beet pectin) using Electrostatic Deposition. Nanoemulsions were formed by titrating oil (medium chain triglycerides) and surfactant (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate + lauric arginate) mixtures into an aqueous solution (10 mM citrate buffer, pH 4). Lauric arginate was used to generate a positive charge on the droplet surfaces, thereby enabling subsequent Electrostatic Deposition of anionic pectin. Extensive droplet aggregation occurred when intermediate pectin concentrations were used due to bridging flocculation. However, stable anionic pectin-coated lipid droplets could be formed at high pectin concentrations. These results demonstrate the possibility of tailoring the functionality of lipid nanodroplets produced by spontaneous emulsification.
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Theoretical and Practical Considerations in Electrostatic Depositioning of Charged Polymers
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2013Co-Authors: Benjamin Zeeb, Chutima Thongkaew, Jochen WeissAbstract:An interfacial engineering technology, based on the Electrostatic Deposition of charged polyelectrolytes onto surfaces of oppositely charged templates is reviewed with an emphasis on practical applications in the food, pharmaceutical and personal care industries. On interfaces of disperse systems consecutively deposited polymers provide major advantages in terms of physical and chemical stability of dispersions against superimposed stresses (pH, temperature, ionic strength, freezing, chilling, dehydration, lipid oxidation). The controlled Deposition of multiple layers allows for a controlled and triggered release of incorporated functional com- ponents. This review highlights the basic principles of the layer-by-layer (LbL) Electrostatic Deposition method as well as some major advantages and drawbacks of this approach. An overview of several systems that can be used as templates for the Deposition including emulsion droplets, liposomal vehicles, colloidal aggregates, and planar surfaces is given. Suitable substrates for the Deposition are pre- sented with a focus on charged biopolymers such as proteins or polysaccharides since they play an essential role in the formulation and stabilization of food, pharmaceutical and personal care applications. Issues and difficulties associated with implementing the technology on a larger, industrial scale are discussed. V C 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40099.
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Formation and stability of multiple-layered liposomes by layer-by-layer Electrostatic Deposition of biopolymers
Food Hydrocolloids, 2013Co-Authors: Jiyeon Chun, Mi-jung Choi, Sang-gi Min, Jochen WeissAbstract:Abstract The sequential Deposition of biopolymers onto the surface of liposomes; lamellar bilayer vesicles composed of polar lipids; was investigated. Submicron-sized liposomes were prepared from lecithin with a high speed blender and an ultrasonic homogenizer. Positively (chitosan), and negatively (high methoxyl pectin and λ-carrageenan) charged biopolymers were alternatingly added to liposomes to build up to 6 sequentially-stacked interfacial layers on top of the phospholipid membranes. After formulation, particle size and ζ-potential of liposomes were determined using dynamic light scattering. The primary liposomes had diameters of approximately 80 nm. Particle size increased linearly with each successive Deposition up to four layers but increased to several micrometers when a fifth and sixth layer was deposited indicating that aggregation may have occurred. Addition of λ-carrageenan as an anionic biopolymer led to less aggregation than when high methoxyl pectin was used. Results were attributed to (i) unbound polymers in the aqueous phase forming coacervates that may lead to depletion flocculation and (ii) unoccupied binding sites and uneven charge distributions causing bridging flocculation. Our results show the limitations of the layer-by-layer Deposition approach, which is important for food manufacturers wishing to form very thick polymer layers to stabilize dispersions such as emulsions or liposomes.
Yutaka Yamagata - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Surface Acoustic Wave Atomizer and Electrostatic Deposition
Advances in biochemical engineering biotechnology, 2009Co-Authors: Yutaka YamagataAbstract:A new methodology for fabricating thin film or micro patters of organic/bio material using surface acoustic wave (SAW) atomizer and Electrostatic Deposition is proposed and characteristics of atomization techniques are discussed in terms of drop size and atomization speed. Various types of SAW atomizer are compared with electrospray and conventional ultrasonic atomizers. It has been proved that SAW atomizers generate drops as small as electrospray and have very fast atomization speed. This technique is applied to fabrication of micro patterns of proteins. According to the result of immunoassay, the specific activity of immunoglobulin was preserved after Deposition process.
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Standing wave type surface acoustic wave atomizer
Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 2008Co-Authors: Yutaka Yamagata, H. Ohmori, Toshiro HiguchiAbstract:A new standing wave type surface acoustic wave (SAW) atomizer is proposed and tested. To investigate atomization characteristics, the earlier progressive wave and the proposed standing wave types of atomizer are compared by means of vibration mode, atomization speed, and Electrostatic Deposition tests. In the case of the vibration mode and atomization speed tests, the standing wave type showed higher standing wave ratio (SWR) and slower atomization speed than the progressive wave type. In the Electrostatic Deposition test, a liquid sample is atomized by two types of SAW atomizer combined with two different driving modes, namely continuous and intermittent drive. The deposited dry particles are then measured by field-emission type scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and particle sizes are calculated by image processing software. In the results, only the standing wave with continuous drive showed no second peak within size distribution.
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Paper ID ICLASS06-211 COMPARISON STUDY ON Electrostatic Deposition METHODS USING ELECTROSPRAY, SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVE ATOMIZER AND MESH-TYPE NEBULIZER
2006Co-Authors: Joon-wan Kim, H. Ohmori, K. Inoue, Yutaka Yamagata, Toshiro HiguchiAbstract:Patterning and Deposition of biomacromolecule or organic materials are important technology in the variety of fields. Dry direct patterning method combining liquid atomizer and Electrostatic Deposition is considered to be one promising method in terms of patterning resolution and uniformity. Thus, to evaluate characteristics of the dry direct patterning method, we tested three types of atomizers: electrospray (ESD), surface acoustic wave atomizer (SAW-ED) and mesh-type nebulizer (Nebulizer-ED). Average diameters of each method are 0.1 µm (ESD), 0.11 µm (SAW-ED) and 0.25 µm (Nebulizer-ED) by using 0.5 mg/ml protein solution. Initial atomized droplet size is estimated from deposited particle. Mean diameters of initial atomized droplets are 1.3 µm (ESD), 1.4 µm (SAW-ED) and 3.2 µm (Mesh-type nebulizer). Collection efficiency and atomizing speed is 26 %, 0.01 µl/s (ESD), 2.2 %, 0.3 µl/s (SAW-ED) and 0.8 %, 7 µl/s (Nebulizer-ED). Concerning the particle size, ESD and SAW-ED had superior performance.
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A device for fabricating protein chips by using a surface acoustic wave atomizer and Electrostatic Deposition
Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2005Co-Authors: Joon-wan Kim, H. Ohmori, Yutaka Yamagata, Masaya Takasaki, Bumhwan Lee, Toshiro HiguchiAbstract:We propose a new advanced fabrication method for protein chips using a surface acoustic wave atomizer and Electrostatic Deposition, named SAW-ED. A SAW atomizer is utilized in order to spray extremely small droplets, while the Electrostatic force and shadow mask are used for collecting the charged particles onto the Deposition substrate with the designed pattern. To estimate the quality of SAW-ED, we performed experiments concerning particle-size uniformity, the shapes of protein Deposition, protein bioactivity, Deposition rate, fluorescent uniformity, spot-size uniformity and collection efficiency. Protein Deposition of BSA was formed in a completely dry state and particle diameter ranged from 0.05 to 0.7 μm. By utilizing an insulator mask, protein patterns with complex shapes were formed with relatively uniform thickness distribution. The Deposition of luciferase was conducted and bioluminescence showed its activity was preserved. The chips of multi anti-IgG antibodies were also formed and their specific bioactivity as an immunoglobulin was verified by luminescence immunoassay. The detecting sensitivity reached as low as 1 ng/ml mouse IgG by fluorescence immunoassay. Deposition rate is linear to atomization time. Coefficient of variation in the fluorescence and the mean diameter of SAW-ED spots are 0.0356 and 0.0361 respectively. By using a collimating electrode, the collection efficiency increased up to 33.3%.
D.j. Mcclements - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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core shell biopolymer nanoparticles produced by Electrostatic Deposition of beet pectin onto heat denatured β lactoglobulin aggregates
Journal of Food Science, 2008Co-Authors: Rujirat Santipanichwong, Manop Suphantharika, J. Weiss, D.j. McclementsAbstract:The purpose of this study was to produce and characterize core-shell biopolymer particles based on Electrostatic Deposition of an anionic polysaccharide (beet pectin) onto amphoteric protein aggregates (heat-denatured beta-lactoglobulin [beta-lg]). Initially, the optimum conditions for forming stable protein particles were established by thermal treatment (80 degrees C for 15 min) of 0.5 wt% beta-lg solutions at different pH values (3 to 7). After heating, stable submicron-sized (d=100 to 300 nm) protein aggregates could be formed in the pH range from 5.6 to 6. Core-shell biopolymer particles were formed by mixing a suspension of protein aggregates (formed by heating at pH 5.8) with a beet pectin solution at pH 7 and then adjusting the pH to values where the beet pectin is adsorbed (< pH 6). The impact of pH (3 to 7) and salt concentration (0 to 250 mM NaCl) on the properties of the core-shell biopolymer particles formed was then established. The biopolymer particles were stable to aggregation from pH 4 to 6, but aggregated at lower pH values because they had a relatively small -potential. The biopolymer particles remained intact and stable to aggregation up to 250 mM NaCl at pH 4, indicating that they had good salt stability. The core-shell biopolymer particles prepared in this study may be useful for encapsulation and delivery of bioactive food components or as substitutes for lipid droplets.
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Core‐Shell Biopolymer Nanoparticles Produced by Electrostatic Deposition of Beet Pectin onto Heat‐Denatured β‐Lactoglobulin Aggregates
Journal of food science, 2008Co-Authors: Rujirat Santipanichwong, Manop Suphantharika, J. Weiss, D.j. McclementsAbstract:The purpose of this study was to produce and characterize core-shell biopolymer particles based on Electrostatic Deposition of an anionic polysaccharide (beet pectin) onto amphoteric protein aggregates (heat-denatured beta-lactoglobulin [beta-lg]). Initially, the optimum conditions for forming stable protein particles were established by thermal treatment (80 degrees C for 15 min) of 0.5 wt% beta-lg solutions at different pH values (3 to 7). After heating, stable submicron-sized (d=100 to 300 nm) protein aggregates could be formed in the pH range from 5.6 to 6. Core-shell biopolymer particles were formed by mixing a suspension of protein aggregates (formed by heating at pH 5.8) with a beet pectin solution at pH 7 and then adjusting the pH to values where the beet pectin is adsorbed (< pH 6). The impact of pH (3 to 7) and salt concentration (0 to 250 mM NaCl) on the properties of the core-shell biopolymer particles formed was then established. The biopolymer particles were stable to aggregation from pH 4 to 6, but aggregated at lower pH values because they had a relatively small -potential. The biopolymer particles remained intact and stable to aggregation up to 250 mM NaCl at pH 4, indicating that they had good salt stability. The core-shell biopolymer particles prepared in this study may be useful for encapsulation and delivery of bioactive food components or as substitutes for lipid droplets.