The Experts below are selected from a list of 78 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Markku Hurme - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Elemental Balance of srf production process solid recovered fuel produced from municipal solid waste
    Waste Management & Research, 2016
    Co-Authors: Muhammad Nasrullah, Pasi Vainikka, Janne Hannula, Markku Hurme, Pekka Oinas
    Abstract:

    In the production of solid recovered fuel (SRF), certain waste components have excessive influence on the quality of product. The proportion of rubber, plastic (hard) and certain textiles was found to be critical as to the Elemental quality of SRF. The mass flow of rubber, plastic (hard) and textiles (to certain extent, especially synthetic textile) components from input waste stream into the output streams of SRF production was found to play the decisive role in defining the Elemental quality of SRF. This paper presents the mass flow of polluting and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in SRF production. The SRF was produced from municipal solid waste (MSW) through mechanical treatment (MT). The results showed that of the total input chlorine content to process, 55% was found in the SRF and 30% in reject material. Of the total input arsenic content, 30% was found in the SRF and 45% in fine fraction. In case of cadmium, lead and mercury, of their total input content to the process, 62%, 38% and 30%, respectively, was found in the SRF. Among the components of MSW, rubber material was identified as potential source of chlorine, containing 8.0 wt.% of chlorine. Plastic (hard) and textile components contained 1.6 and 1.1. wt.% of chlorine, respectively. Plastic (hard) contained higher lead and cadmium content compared with other waste components, i.e. 500 mg kg(-1) and 9.0 mg kg(-1), respectively.

  • Elemental Balance of srf production process solid recovered fuel produced from construction and demolition waste
    Fuel, 2015
    Co-Authors: Muhammad Nasrullah, Pasi Vainikka, Janne Hannula, Markku Hurme, Jukka Koskinen
    Abstract:

    Abstract Quality of solid recovered fuel (SRF) demands that the waste components containing pollutant and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and inert components are sorted out into separate small streams and to concentrate the suitable components into a prepared depolluted combustible fraction stream of SRF. In the SRF production, mass flow of waste components’ type into the output streams determine the quality of SRF. This paper presents the mass flow of pollutant and potentially toxic elements in full-scale SRF production. The SRF was produced from construction and demolition waste (C&DW) through mechanical treatment (MT). The input and output streams of SRF production were chemically characterised for the concentration of inorganic elements in details. The results showed that of the total input chlorine content to the process, 34% was found in SRF and 48% in reject material. Mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As) were found concentrated in fine fraction i.e. of the total input content of mercury and arsenic, 64% and 42% respectively was found in fine fraction. Most of the lead (Pb) was found in reject material and fine fraction i.e. of the total input lead content, 45% and 44% was found in reject material and fine fraction respectively. In case of cadmium (Cd), of the total input content of cadmium, 68% was found in SRF. Among the components of C&D waste, rubber and plastic (hard) were measured to contain higher chlorine (Cl) content i.e. 7.6 wt.%, d. and 7.0 wt.%, d. respectively. Plastic (hard) was measured to contain 880 mg/kg, d. of lead (Pb) which was higher than measured in other components. Textile was measured to contain 12 mg/kg, d. of arsenic (As) which was higher than measured in other components.

  • Elemental Balance of srf production process solid recovered fuel produced from commercial and industrial waste
    Fuel, 2015
    Co-Authors: Muhammad Nasrullah, Pasi Vainikka, Janne Hannula, Markku Hurme
    Abstract:

    Abstract In order to study the mass flow of pollutant and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the output streams of solid recovered fuel (SRF) production process, the various streams produced in commercial scale SRF production process are characterized chemically and, the Elemental Balance of SRF production process is presented. The SRF is produced from commercial and industrial waste (C&IW) through mechanical treatment (MT). The elements investigated for their mass Balance in SRF production process are chlorine (Cl), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg). The results showed that of the total input chlorine 60% was found in the SRF stream and 35% in the reject material stream and rest of 5% was in fine fraction and heavy fraction streams. Of the total input arsenic content 42% was found in the reject material and 32% in the SRF stream and rest (i.e. 26%) was found in the fine fraction stream. In case of cadmium, lead and mercury of their total input content to the process 46%, 58% and 45% respectively was found in the SRF stream. Among the waste components of C&IW, rubber and plastic (hard) were measured to contain the highest content of chlorine i.e. 8.0 wt.% (dry basis) and 3.0 wt.% (dry basis) respectively. Rubber was also found to contain higher content of cadmium as compared to other waste components. Plastic (hard) was measured to contain higher content of lead (i.e. 400 mg/kg, dry basis) than other components of input waste stream. The distribution of waste components (mainly plastic (hard), rubber and to some extent textile) was found significantly more important than other components of input waste stream in defining the concentration of pollutant and potentially toxic elements in output streams of SRF production process.

Muhammad Nasrullah - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Elemental Balance of srf production process solid recovered fuel produced from municipal solid waste
    Waste Management & Research, 2016
    Co-Authors: Muhammad Nasrullah, Pasi Vainikka, Janne Hannula, Markku Hurme, Pekka Oinas
    Abstract:

    In the production of solid recovered fuel (SRF), certain waste components have excessive influence on the quality of product. The proportion of rubber, plastic (hard) and certain textiles was found to be critical as to the Elemental quality of SRF. The mass flow of rubber, plastic (hard) and textiles (to certain extent, especially synthetic textile) components from input waste stream into the output streams of SRF production was found to play the decisive role in defining the Elemental quality of SRF. This paper presents the mass flow of polluting and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in SRF production. The SRF was produced from municipal solid waste (MSW) through mechanical treatment (MT). The results showed that of the total input chlorine content to process, 55% was found in the SRF and 30% in reject material. Of the total input arsenic content, 30% was found in the SRF and 45% in fine fraction. In case of cadmium, lead and mercury, of their total input content to the process, 62%, 38% and 30%, respectively, was found in the SRF. Among the components of MSW, rubber material was identified as potential source of chlorine, containing 8.0 wt.% of chlorine. Plastic (hard) and textile components contained 1.6 and 1.1. wt.% of chlorine, respectively. Plastic (hard) contained higher lead and cadmium content compared with other waste components, i.e. 500 mg kg(-1) and 9.0 mg kg(-1), respectively.

  • Elemental Balance of srf production process solid recovered fuel produced from construction and demolition waste
    Fuel, 2015
    Co-Authors: Muhammad Nasrullah, Pasi Vainikka, Janne Hannula, Markku Hurme, Jukka Koskinen
    Abstract:

    Abstract Quality of solid recovered fuel (SRF) demands that the waste components containing pollutant and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and inert components are sorted out into separate small streams and to concentrate the suitable components into a prepared depolluted combustible fraction stream of SRF. In the SRF production, mass flow of waste components’ type into the output streams determine the quality of SRF. This paper presents the mass flow of pollutant and potentially toxic elements in full-scale SRF production. The SRF was produced from construction and demolition waste (C&DW) through mechanical treatment (MT). The input and output streams of SRF production were chemically characterised for the concentration of inorganic elements in details. The results showed that of the total input chlorine content to the process, 34% was found in SRF and 48% in reject material. Mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As) were found concentrated in fine fraction i.e. of the total input content of mercury and arsenic, 64% and 42% respectively was found in fine fraction. Most of the lead (Pb) was found in reject material and fine fraction i.e. of the total input lead content, 45% and 44% was found in reject material and fine fraction respectively. In case of cadmium (Cd), of the total input content of cadmium, 68% was found in SRF. Among the components of C&D waste, rubber and plastic (hard) were measured to contain higher chlorine (Cl) content i.e. 7.6 wt.%, d. and 7.0 wt.%, d. respectively. Plastic (hard) was measured to contain 880 mg/kg, d. of lead (Pb) which was higher than measured in other components. Textile was measured to contain 12 mg/kg, d. of arsenic (As) which was higher than measured in other components.

  • Elemental Balance of srf production process solid recovered fuel produced from commercial and industrial waste
    Fuel, 2015
    Co-Authors: Muhammad Nasrullah, Pasi Vainikka, Janne Hannula, Markku Hurme
    Abstract:

    Abstract In order to study the mass flow of pollutant and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the output streams of solid recovered fuel (SRF) production process, the various streams produced in commercial scale SRF production process are characterized chemically and, the Elemental Balance of SRF production process is presented. The SRF is produced from commercial and industrial waste (C&IW) through mechanical treatment (MT). The elements investigated for their mass Balance in SRF production process are chlorine (Cl), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg). The results showed that of the total input chlorine 60% was found in the SRF stream and 35% in the reject material stream and rest of 5% was in fine fraction and heavy fraction streams. Of the total input arsenic content 42% was found in the reject material and 32% in the SRF stream and rest (i.e. 26%) was found in the fine fraction stream. In case of cadmium, lead and mercury of their total input content to the process 46%, 58% and 45% respectively was found in the SRF stream. Among the waste components of C&IW, rubber and plastic (hard) were measured to contain the highest content of chlorine i.e. 8.0 wt.% (dry basis) and 3.0 wt.% (dry basis) respectively. Rubber was also found to contain higher content of cadmium as compared to other waste components. Plastic (hard) was measured to contain higher content of lead (i.e. 400 mg/kg, dry basis) than other components of input waste stream. The distribution of waste components (mainly plastic (hard), rubber and to some extent textile) was found significantly more important than other components of input waste stream in defining the concentration of pollutant and potentially toxic elements in output streams of SRF production process.

Pasi Vainikka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Elemental Balance of srf production process solid recovered fuel produced from municipal solid waste
    Waste Management & Research, 2016
    Co-Authors: Muhammad Nasrullah, Pasi Vainikka, Janne Hannula, Markku Hurme, Pekka Oinas
    Abstract:

    In the production of solid recovered fuel (SRF), certain waste components have excessive influence on the quality of product. The proportion of rubber, plastic (hard) and certain textiles was found to be critical as to the Elemental quality of SRF. The mass flow of rubber, plastic (hard) and textiles (to certain extent, especially synthetic textile) components from input waste stream into the output streams of SRF production was found to play the decisive role in defining the Elemental quality of SRF. This paper presents the mass flow of polluting and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in SRF production. The SRF was produced from municipal solid waste (MSW) through mechanical treatment (MT). The results showed that of the total input chlorine content to process, 55% was found in the SRF and 30% in reject material. Of the total input arsenic content, 30% was found in the SRF and 45% in fine fraction. In case of cadmium, lead and mercury, of their total input content to the process, 62%, 38% and 30%, respectively, was found in the SRF. Among the components of MSW, rubber material was identified as potential source of chlorine, containing 8.0 wt.% of chlorine. Plastic (hard) and textile components contained 1.6 and 1.1. wt.% of chlorine, respectively. Plastic (hard) contained higher lead and cadmium content compared with other waste components, i.e. 500 mg kg(-1) and 9.0 mg kg(-1), respectively.

  • Elemental Balance of srf production process solid recovered fuel produced from construction and demolition waste
    Fuel, 2015
    Co-Authors: Muhammad Nasrullah, Pasi Vainikka, Janne Hannula, Markku Hurme, Jukka Koskinen
    Abstract:

    Abstract Quality of solid recovered fuel (SRF) demands that the waste components containing pollutant and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and inert components are sorted out into separate small streams and to concentrate the suitable components into a prepared depolluted combustible fraction stream of SRF. In the SRF production, mass flow of waste components’ type into the output streams determine the quality of SRF. This paper presents the mass flow of pollutant and potentially toxic elements in full-scale SRF production. The SRF was produced from construction and demolition waste (C&DW) through mechanical treatment (MT). The input and output streams of SRF production were chemically characterised for the concentration of inorganic elements in details. The results showed that of the total input chlorine content to the process, 34% was found in SRF and 48% in reject material. Mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As) were found concentrated in fine fraction i.e. of the total input content of mercury and arsenic, 64% and 42% respectively was found in fine fraction. Most of the lead (Pb) was found in reject material and fine fraction i.e. of the total input lead content, 45% and 44% was found in reject material and fine fraction respectively. In case of cadmium (Cd), of the total input content of cadmium, 68% was found in SRF. Among the components of C&D waste, rubber and plastic (hard) were measured to contain higher chlorine (Cl) content i.e. 7.6 wt.%, d. and 7.0 wt.%, d. respectively. Plastic (hard) was measured to contain 880 mg/kg, d. of lead (Pb) which was higher than measured in other components. Textile was measured to contain 12 mg/kg, d. of arsenic (As) which was higher than measured in other components.

  • Elemental Balance of srf production process solid recovered fuel produced from commercial and industrial waste
    Fuel, 2015
    Co-Authors: Muhammad Nasrullah, Pasi Vainikka, Janne Hannula, Markku Hurme
    Abstract:

    Abstract In order to study the mass flow of pollutant and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the output streams of solid recovered fuel (SRF) production process, the various streams produced in commercial scale SRF production process are characterized chemically and, the Elemental Balance of SRF production process is presented. The SRF is produced from commercial and industrial waste (C&IW) through mechanical treatment (MT). The elements investigated for their mass Balance in SRF production process are chlorine (Cl), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg). The results showed that of the total input chlorine 60% was found in the SRF stream and 35% in the reject material stream and rest of 5% was in fine fraction and heavy fraction streams. Of the total input arsenic content 42% was found in the reject material and 32% in the SRF stream and rest (i.e. 26%) was found in the fine fraction stream. In case of cadmium, lead and mercury of their total input content to the process 46%, 58% and 45% respectively was found in the SRF stream. Among the waste components of C&IW, rubber and plastic (hard) were measured to contain the highest content of chlorine i.e. 8.0 wt.% (dry basis) and 3.0 wt.% (dry basis) respectively. Rubber was also found to contain higher content of cadmium as compared to other waste components. Plastic (hard) was measured to contain higher content of lead (i.e. 400 mg/kg, dry basis) than other components of input waste stream. The distribution of waste components (mainly plastic (hard), rubber and to some extent textile) was found significantly more important than other components of input waste stream in defining the concentration of pollutant and potentially toxic elements in output streams of SRF production process.

Janne Hannula - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Elemental Balance of srf production process solid recovered fuel produced from municipal solid waste
    Waste Management & Research, 2016
    Co-Authors: Muhammad Nasrullah, Pasi Vainikka, Janne Hannula, Markku Hurme, Pekka Oinas
    Abstract:

    In the production of solid recovered fuel (SRF), certain waste components have excessive influence on the quality of product. The proportion of rubber, plastic (hard) and certain textiles was found to be critical as to the Elemental quality of SRF. The mass flow of rubber, plastic (hard) and textiles (to certain extent, especially synthetic textile) components from input waste stream into the output streams of SRF production was found to play the decisive role in defining the Elemental quality of SRF. This paper presents the mass flow of polluting and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in SRF production. The SRF was produced from municipal solid waste (MSW) through mechanical treatment (MT). The results showed that of the total input chlorine content to process, 55% was found in the SRF and 30% in reject material. Of the total input arsenic content, 30% was found in the SRF and 45% in fine fraction. In case of cadmium, lead and mercury, of their total input content to the process, 62%, 38% and 30%, respectively, was found in the SRF. Among the components of MSW, rubber material was identified as potential source of chlorine, containing 8.0 wt.% of chlorine. Plastic (hard) and textile components contained 1.6 and 1.1. wt.% of chlorine, respectively. Plastic (hard) contained higher lead and cadmium content compared with other waste components, i.e. 500 mg kg(-1) and 9.0 mg kg(-1), respectively.

  • Elemental Balance of srf production process solid recovered fuel produced from construction and demolition waste
    Fuel, 2015
    Co-Authors: Muhammad Nasrullah, Pasi Vainikka, Janne Hannula, Markku Hurme, Jukka Koskinen
    Abstract:

    Abstract Quality of solid recovered fuel (SRF) demands that the waste components containing pollutant and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and inert components are sorted out into separate small streams and to concentrate the suitable components into a prepared depolluted combustible fraction stream of SRF. In the SRF production, mass flow of waste components’ type into the output streams determine the quality of SRF. This paper presents the mass flow of pollutant and potentially toxic elements in full-scale SRF production. The SRF was produced from construction and demolition waste (C&DW) through mechanical treatment (MT). The input and output streams of SRF production were chemically characterised for the concentration of inorganic elements in details. The results showed that of the total input chlorine content to the process, 34% was found in SRF and 48% in reject material. Mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As) were found concentrated in fine fraction i.e. of the total input content of mercury and arsenic, 64% and 42% respectively was found in fine fraction. Most of the lead (Pb) was found in reject material and fine fraction i.e. of the total input lead content, 45% and 44% was found in reject material and fine fraction respectively. In case of cadmium (Cd), of the total input content of cadmium, 68% was found in SRF. Among the components of C&D waste, rubber and plastic (hard) were measured to contain higher chlorine (Cl) content i.e. 7.6 wt.%, d. and 7.0 wt.%, d. respectively. Plastic (hard) was measured to contain 880 mg/kg, d. of lead (Pb) which was higher than measured in other components. Textile was measured to contain 12 mg/kg, d. of arsenic (As) which was higher than measured in other components.

  • Elemental Balance of srf production process solid recovered fuel produced from commercial and industrial waste
    Fuel, 2015
    Co-Authors: Muhammad Nasrullah, Pasi Vainikka, Janne Hannula, Markku Hurme
    Abstract:

    Abstract In order to study the mass flow of pollutant and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the output streams of solid recovered fuel (SRF) production process, the various streams produced in commercial scale SRF production process are characterized chemically and, the Elemental Balance of SRF production process is presented. The SRF is produced from commercial and industrial waste (C&IW) through mechanical treatment (MT). The elements investigated for their mass Balance in SRF production process are chlorine (Cl), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg). The results showed that of the total input chlorine 60% was found in the SRF stream and 35% in the reject material stream and rest of 5% was in fine fraction and heavy fraction streams. Of the total input arsenic content 42% was found in the reject material and 32% in the SRF stream and rest (i.e. 26%) was found in the fine fraction stream. In case of cadmium, lead and mercury of their total input content to the process 46%, 58% and 45% respectively was found in the SRF stream. Among the waste components of C&IW, rubber and plastic (hard) were measured to contain the highest content of chlorine i.e. 8.0 wt.% (dry basis) and 3.0 wt.% (dry basis) respectively. Rubber was also found to contain higher content of cadmium as compared to other waste components. Plastic (hard) was measured to contain higher content of lead (i.e. 400 mg/kg, dry basis) than other components of input waste stream. The distribution of waste components (mainly plastic (hard), rubber and to some extent textile) was found significantly more important than other components of input waste stream in defining the concentration of pollutant and potentially toxic elements in output streams of SRF production process.

Jukka Koskinen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Elemental Balance of srf production process solid recovered fuel produced from construction and demolition waste
    Fuel, 2015
    Co-Authors: Muhammad Nasrullah, Pasi Vainikka, Janne Hannula, Markku Hurme, Jukka Koskinen
    Abstract:

    Abstract Quality of solid recovered fuel (SRF) demands that the waste components containing pollutant and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and inert components are sorted out into separate small streams and to concentrate the suitable components into a prepared depolluted combustible fraction stream of SRF. In the SRF production, mass flow of waste components’ type into the output streams determine the quality of SRF. This paper presents the mass flow of pollutant and potentially toxic elements in full-scale SRF production. The SRF was produced from construction and demolition waste (C&DW) through mechanical treatment (MT). The input and output streams of SRF production were chemically characterised for the concentration of inorganic elements in details. The results showed that of the total input chlorine content to the process, 34% was found in SRF and 48% in reject material. Mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As) were found concentrated in fine fraction i.e. of the total input content of mercury and arsenic, 64% and 42% respectively was found in fine fraction. Most of the lead (Pb) was found in reject material and fine fraction i.e. of the total input lead content, 45% and 44% was found in reject material and fine fraction respectively. In case of cadmium (Cd), of the total input content of cadmium, 68% was found in SRF. Among the components of C&D waste, rubber and plastic (hard) were measured to contain higher chlorine (Cl) content i.e. 7.6 wt.%, d. and 7.0 wt.%, d. respectively. Plastic (hard) was measured to contain 880 mg/kg, d. of lead (Pb) which was higher than measured in other components. Textile was measured to contain 12 mg/kg, d. of arsenic (As) which was higher than measured in other components.