The Experts below are selected from a list of 210 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

L. M. L. Laurens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Total Protein Content Determination of Microalgal Biomass by Elemental Nitrogen Analysis and a Dedicated Nitrogen-to-Protein Conversion Factor.
    Methods in molecular biology (Clifton N.J.), 2018
    Co-Authors: L. M. L. Laurens, J. L. Olstad, D. W. Templeton
    Abstract:

    Accurately determining protein content is important in the valorization of algal biomass in food, feed, and fuel markets, where these values are used for component balance calculations. Conversion of Elemental Nitrogen to protein is a well-accepted and widely practiced method, but depends on developing an applicable Nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor. The methodology reported here covers the quantitative assessment of the total Nitrogen content of algal biomass and a description of the methodology that underpins the accurate de novo calculation of a dedicated Nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor.

  • Nitrogen-to-protein conversion factors revisited for applications of microalgal biomass conversion to food, feed and fuel
    Algal Research, 2015
    Co-Authors: D. W. Templeton, L. M. L. Laurens
    Abstract:

    Accurately determining protein content is important in the valorization of algal biomass in food, feed and fuel markets. Conversion of Elemental Nitrogen to protein is a well-accepted and widely practiced method, but depends on developing an applicable Nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor. The most complete method to determine this factor takes six different hydrolyses of the subject material and these are not always carried out in reported literature studies. We report new data for conservative conversion factors determined from 21 algae samples along with over 50 amino acid profiles from the literature, representing distinct cultivation conditions for fresh and marine algae. We find that the amino acid profile among different algae samples is consistent, however the large variability between strains in non-protein Nitrogen (up to 54% in microalgae) causes variability in the calculated conversion factor. We include our calculated novel Nitrogen-to-protein conversion factors for model and commercially relevant biofuel algal strains and compare these with the literature.

D. W. Templeton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Total Protein Content Determination of Microalgal Biomass by Elemental Nitrogen Analysis and a Dedicated Nitrogen-to-Protein Conversion Factor.
    Methods in molecular biology (Clifton N.J.), 2018
    Co-Authors: L. M. L. Laurens, J. L. Olstad, D. W. Templeton
    Abstract:

    Accurately determining protein content is important in the valorization of algal biomass in food, feed, and fuel markets, where these values are used for component balance calculations. Conversion of Elemental Nitrogen to protein is a well-accepted and widely practiced method, but depends on developing an applicable Nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor. The methodology reported here covers the quantitative assessment of the total Nitrogen content of algal biomass and a description of the methodology that underpins the accurate de novo calculation of a dedicated Nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor.

  • Nitrogen-to-protein conversion factors revisited for applications of microalgal biomass conversion to food, feed and fuel
    Algal Research, 2015
    Co-Authors: D. W. Templeton, L. M. L. Laurens
    Abstract:

    Accurately determining protein content is important in the valorization of algal biomass in food, feed and fuel markets. Conversion of Elemental Nitrogen to protein is a well-accepted and widely practiced method, but depends on developing an applicable Nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor. The most complete method to determine this factor takes six different hydrolyses of the subject material and these are not always carried out in reported literature studies. We report new data for conservative conversion factors determined from 21 algae samples along with over 50 amino acid profiles from the literature, representing distinct cultivation conditions for fresh and marine algae. We find that the amino acid profile among different algae samples is consistent, however the large variability between strains in non-protein Nitrogen (up to 54% in microalgae) causes variability in the calculated conversion factor. We include our calculated novel Nitrogen-to-protein conversion factors for model and commercially relevant biofuel algal strains and compare these with the literature.

M. Patri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Effect of solvents in radiation‐induced grafting of 4‐vinyl pyridine onto fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2008
    Co-Authors: Sangram K. Rath, Akshaya K. Palai, Swati Rao, L. Chandrasekhar, M. Patri
    Abstract:

    A wide range of solvents have been examined to find their effect on radiation-induced grafting of 4-vinyl pyridine onto fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer by simultaneous irradiation technique. The effect of solvent on percentage of grafting has been monitored by varying monomer concentration and total dose of radiation. Further grafting results have been correlated with the solubility parameter of the solvent and solvent mixtures. Evidence of grafting has been based on characterization of grafted samples in terms of FTIR, EDAX, X-ray mapping, thermogravimetric analysis, and dynamic mechanical analysis. Depth profiling of a few representative grafted films were studied by viewing the cross-sectional distribution of Elemental Nitrogen using SEM-EDAX. The results suggest that with increase in grafting the grafting front propagates from the surface toward bulk, thus establishing the frontal mechanism of radiation grafting. Furthermore, the grafted films were characterized for their surface properties using contact angle goniometry. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008

  • effect of solvents in radiation induced grafting of 4 vinyl pyridine onto fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2008
    Co-Authors: Sangram K. Rath, Akshaya K. Palai, Swati Rao, L. Chandrasekhar, M. Patri
    Abstract:

    A wide range of solvents have been examined to find their effect on radiation-induced grafting of 4-vinyl pyridine onto fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer by simultaneous irradiation technique. The effect of solvent on percentage of grafting has been monitored by varying monomer concentration and total dose of radiation. Further grafting results have been correlated with the solubility parameter of the solvent and solvent mixtures. Evidence of grafting has been based on characterization of grafted samples in terms of FTIR, EDAX, X-ray mapping, thermogravimetric analysis, and dynamic mechanical analysis. Depth profiling of a few representative grafted films were studied by viewing the cross-sectional distribution of Elemental Nitrogen using SEM-EDAX. The results suggest that with increase in grafting the grafting front propagates from the surface toward bulk, thus establishing the frontal mechanism of radiation grafting. Furthermore, the grafted films were characterized for their surface properties using contact angle goniometry. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008

J. L. Olstad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Lemont B. Kier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A core process in receptor function, general anesthesia, sleep, and aging.
    Chemistry & biodiversity, 2012
    Co-Authors: Lemont B. Kier, Patricia W. Slattum
    Abstract:

    The diffusion of ligands and proteins was proposed to be guided by chreodes in water organized by protein-surface side chains with varying hydropathic states. These chreodes are proposed to be the target of volatile general anesthetic agents. The similarity between this effect and sleep deprivation leads to a proposal of an external agent responsible for sleep. This agent is Elemental Nitrogen. An extension of this effect is the concept that Elemental Nitrogen is a core factor in aging.

  • Water Chreodes and the Mechanisms of Ligand Diffusion, General Anesthesia, and Sleep
    Biochemistry research international, 2011
    Co-Authors: Lemont B. Kier
    Abstract:

    The concept of the presence of passageways, chreodes, created by the influence of the hydropathic states of amino acid side chains on the surface water of proteins, has been proposed. These chreodes facilitate and direct the diffusion of neurotransmitters through surface water, to the receptor or active site on a protein. This system of chreodes is vulnerable to the presence of some other molecules that may encounter the chreode system. This encounter and disruption has been proposed to explain the mechanism of general anesthesia. Based on much recent evidence of the similarities between anesthesia from volatile anesthetic agents and sleep, a comparable mechanism has been proposed for sleep. Since this must be an exogenous substance to be comparable to a general anesthetic agent, it was proposed that this exogenous, sleep-producing substance is Elemental Nitrogen. Recent evidence supports these hypotheses.

  • A review of recent studies relating ligand diffusion, general anesthesia, and sleep.
    AANA journal, 2008
    Co-Authors: Lemont B. Kier
    Abstract:

    This review article presents 3 theories related to ligand diffusion, general anesthesia and sleep. The first theory describes the diffusion of molecules across a protein surface to a receptor. It is based on the effect of the amino acid side chains on the protein surface on the structure of bulk water nearby. This influence creates pathways, called chreodes, through the water near the protein surface, permitting a rapid diffusion of molecules to the receptors. A second theory involving the role of chreodes presents a mechanism of action of nonspecific anesthetic agents. These agents interrupt the diffusion of neurotransmitter molecules to their receptors, bringing on the anesthetic effects. Finally, building on the similarities of anesthesia and sleep, a theory is presented proposing that an external agent influences sleep in a way similar to that of the nonspecific anesthetic molecules. This external agent is proposed to be Elemental Nitrogen. Several observations are presented to support this mechanism.