The Experts below are selected from a list of 282 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Richard S. Miller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Elevator Shaft pressurization for smoke control in tall buildings the seattle approach
Building and Environment, 2011Co-Authors: Richard S. MillerAbstract:Abstract CONTAM simulations of both commercial and residential tall building models are conducted in order to study recently adopted Seattle code requirements for Elevator Shaft pressurization systems. In contrast to the International Building Code (IBC) requirements, the Seattle approach specifies across Elevator door pressure minimums and maximums on only four “fire floors” (including one above, and two below, the fire floor). This is accomplished using a minimal pressurization of the entire Elevator Shaft in conjunction with venting of the four fire floors. The present study adresses the feasibility of calibrating such a system to meet the design objectives in tall buildings (system performance during an actual fire event is not considered). The two building models correspond to 37 story buildings with dual Elevator and dual stairwell Shafts extending the entire height of the building. Each model is calibrated to experimental data. Simulations are conducted for a variety of ambient temperatures and exterior building door positions. Coupled pressurization of the stairwells is also considered. The system requirements are found to be achievable for both Elevator only and coupled Elevator and stairwell pressurization systems. However, the observed pressure differences do change with changes in the ambient temperature as well as changes in the ground floor exterior door position. It is therefore recommended that such systems should be calibrated for pressure differences intermediate to the prescribed minimum and maximum values to compensate for changes to the system performance. Providing a relief vent to ambient on any recall floor may also be advisable.
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on stairwell and Elevator Shaft pressurization for smoke control in tall buildings
Building and Environment, 2009Co-Authors: Richard S. Miller, Donald E BeasleyAbstract:Elevator Shaft and stairwell Shaft-pressurization systems are studied as means of smoke migration prevention through the stack effect in tall buildings using the CONTAM simulation software. A thirty story building model is considered with exterior leakages calibrated to experimental data for both a residential and a commercial building. Stairwell pressurization is found to be completely feasible in the absence of Elevator Shaft pressurization. In contrast, coupled Elevator Shaft-pressurization systems are found to produce prohibitively large pressure differences across both the Elevator and stairwell doors if (1) minimum pressure differences must be maintained at both open and closed Elevator doors and (2) if the system must function properly when the ground floor exterior building doors are closed. Even in these cases situations arise in which smoke may enter the Shaft and be actively distributed throughout the building by the fan system. These differences between stairwell and Elevator Shaft pressurization are directly attributable to the much larger leakage areas associated with Elevator doors. Relatively large flow rates through the open Elevator doors act to pressurize the ground floor of the building, indirectly causing large pressure differences across upper floor Elevator doors. Furthermore, the results show that there is a strong coupling between the fan speed requirements of the stairwell and Elevator Shaft-pressurization systems. Fan requirements are also found to be sensitive to the ambient temperature. Effects of the fan location, louvers, vents, the building height, and the number of Elevator cars and/or Shafts are also addressed.
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Numerical Study of Elevator and Stairwell Pressurization Systems Using Detailed Building Models
2009Co-Authors: D. C. Bowers, Donald E Beasley, J. R. Ellison, Richard S. MillerAbstract:Numerical simulations are conducted for stairwell and Elevator Shaft pressurization smoke control systems aimed at strict adherence to the International Building Code (IBC) 2009 Sections 909.20.5 and 708.14.2.1, respectively. Detailed numerical CONTAM models for two Korean residential high-rise buildings are created based on floor plans and experimentally measured stack eect pressure dierences reported in Ref. [1]. The rst is a 40 story, two tower, high-rise having two Elevator Shafts and two stairwells per tower. The second is a 69 story, single tower, building with six Elevator Shafts and three stairwells. The simulation results conrm prior observations of Ref. [2] based on simplied building models. Strict adherence to IBC 2009 is essentially impossible to meet for Elevator Shaft pressurization systems. In particular, very large across door pressure dierences are observed if the Elevator pressurization system is required to operate with the exterior building doors in the closed position. Eects of the ambient temperature, the building conguration, and interactions with the stairwell system are examined. Potential improvements to the IBC code language and alternative system design approaches are also discussed.
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On Smoke Control by Pressurization in Stairwells and Elevator Shafts
2008Co-Authors: Richard S. Miller, Donald E BeasleyAbstract:Elevator Shaft and stairwell Shaft pressurization systems are studied as means of smoke migration prevention through the stack eect in tall buildings using the CONTAM simulation software. Stairwell pressurization is found to be completely feasible in the absence of Elevator Shaft pressurization. In contrast, coupled Elevator Shaft pressurization systems are found to produce prohibitively large pressure dierences across both the Elevator and stairwell doors if: (1) minimum pressure dierences must be maintained at both open and closed Elevator doors, and (2) if the system must function properly when the ground floor exterior building doors are closed. Even in these cases situations arise in which smoke may enter the Shaft and be actively distributed throughout the building by the fan system. Furthermore, the results show that there is a strong coupling between the fan speed requirements of the stairwell and Elevator Shaft pressurization systems. Fan requirements are also found to be sensitive to the ambient temperature. Eects of the fan location, louvers, vents, the building height, and the number of Elevator cars and/or Shafts are also addressed.
Donald E Beasley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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on stairwell and Elevator Shaft pressurization for smoke control in tall buildings
Building and Environment, 2009Co-Authors: Richard S. Miller, Donald E BeasleyAbstract:Elevator Shaft and stairwell Shaft-pressurization systems are studied as means of smoke migration prevention through the stack effect in tall buildings using the CONTAM simulation software. A thirty story building model is considered with exterior leakages calibrated to experimental data for both a residential and a commercial building. Stairwell pressurization is found to be completely feasible in the absence of Elevator Shaft pressurization. In contrast, coupled Elevator Shaft-pressurization systems are found to produce prohibitively large pressure differences across both the Elevator and stairwell doors if (1) minimum pressure differences must be maintained at both open and closed Elevator doors and (2) if the system must function properly when the ground floor exterior building doors are closed. Even in these cases situations arise in which smoke may enter the Shaft and be actively distributed throughout the building by the fan system. These differences between stairwell and Elevator Shaft pressurization are directly attributable to the much larger leakage areas associated with Elevator doors. Relatively large flow rates through the open Elevator doors act to pressurize the ground floor of the building, indirectly causing large pressure differences across upper floor Elevator doors. Furthermore, the results show that there is a strong coupling between the fan speed requirements of the stairwell and Elevator Shaft-pressurization systems. Fan requirements are also found to be sensitive to the ambient temperature. Effects of the fan location, louvers, vents, the building height, and the number of Elevator cars and/or Shafts are also addressed.
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Numerical Study of Elevator and Stairwell Pressurization Systems Using Detailed Building Models
2009Co-Authors: D. C. Bowers, Donald E Beasley, J. R. Ellison, Richard S. MillerAbstract:Numerical simulations are conducted for stairwell and Elevator Shaft pressurization smoke control systems aimed at strict adherence to the International Building Code (IBC) 2009 Sections 909.20.5 and 708.14.2.1, respectively. Detailed numerical CONTAM models for two Korean residential high-rise buildings are created based on floor plans and experimentally measured stack eect pressure dierences reported in Ref. [1]. The rst is a 40 story, two tower, high-rise having two Elevator Shafts and two stairwells per tower. The second is a 69 story, single tower, building with six Elevator Shafts and three stairwells. The simulation results conrm prior observations of Ref. [2] based on simplied building models. Strict adherence to IBC 2009 is essentially impossible to meet for Elevator Shaft pressurization systems. In particular, very large across door pressure dierences are observed if the Elevator pressurization system is required to operate with the exterior building doors in the closed position. Eects of the ambient temperature, the building conguration, and interactions with the stairwell system are examined. Potential improvements to the IBC code language and alternative system design approaches are also discussed.
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On Smoke Control by Pressurization in Stairwells and Elevator Shafts
2008Co-Authors: Richard S. Miller, Donald E BeasleyAbstract:Elevator Shaft and stairwell Shaft pressurization systems are studied as means of smoke migration prevention through the stack eect in tall buildings using the CONTAM simulation software. Stairwell pressurization is found to be completely feasible in the absence of Elevator Shaft pressurization. In contrast, coupled Elevator Shaft pressurization systems are found to produce prohibitively large pressure dierences across both the Elevator and stairwell doors if: (1) minimum pressure dierences must be maintained at both open and closed Elevator doors, and (2) if the system must function properly when the ground floor exterior building doors are closed. Even in these cases situations arise in which smoke may enter the Shaft and be actively distributed throughout the building by the fan system. Furthermore, the results show that there is a strong coupling between the fan speed requirements of the stairwell and Elevator Shaft pressurization systems. Fan requirements are also found to be sensitive to the ambient temperature. Eects of the fan location, louvers, vents, the building height, and the number of Elevator cars and/or Shafts are also addressed.
David W. Matolak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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GLOBECOM - Channel characteristics for Elevator Shafts at 5 GHz
2013 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), 2013Co-Authors: David W. MatolakAbstract:We provide some measured channel characterization results for two Elevator Shaft channels in the 5-GHz band, for two distinct Elevator Shaft types in two buildings. The Elevator Shaft channel is of interest for several applications, including public safety. Even though other authors have reported Elevator Shaft channel characteristics for lower-frequency bands (255-MHz, 900-MHz, 1.9-GHz), to our knowledge ours is the first work for the 5-GHz band. Prior work has also not thoroughly addressed channel characteristics when the Elevator car is in motion, whereas here we provide some initial measurement results for this dynamic condition. We measured power delay profiles and from these estimated propagation path loss and root-mean square delay spread (RMS-DS). Path loss exponents were approximately 2 in one building and 6 in the other. Mean RMS-DS values range from 14–60 ns when the Elevator car is motionless, with RMS-DS generally increasing with link distance. Maximum RMS-DS values increase to 58 ns and 70 ns in the two buildings when the Elevator car is moving and the receiver is inside the car.
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Characterization of the 5-GHz Elevator Shaft Channel
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2013Co-Authors: David W. MatolakAbstract:In this paper we provide channel characterization results for the Elevator Shaft channel in the 5-GHz band, based upon measurements conducted in four buildings. This channel is of interest for several applications, including WiFi and public safety. Although several authors have provided Elevator Shaft channel characteristics for lower-frequency bands (255-MHz, 900-MHz, 1.9-GHz), to our knowledge this is the first work that addresses the 5-GHz band. Moreover, prior work has not thoroughly addressed channel characteristics when the Elevator car is in motion, whereas here we provide measurement and modeling results for this dynamic condition. Our measurements were of power delay profiles, from which we estimated propagation path loss and root-mean square delay spread (RMS-DS). Path loss exponents were approximately 2.5 in one building and 5.5 in the other three buildings, with standard deviations about the log-distance linear fits equal to approximately 3 dB and 5.5 dB, respectively. Mean RMS-DS values range from approximately 14-60 ns when the Elevator car is motionless. Maximum RMS-DS values were 144 ns and 152 ns in the two different types of buildings when the Elevator car is moving. The significant differences in these channel characteristics among the four buildings are likely attributable to the distinct physical features of the buildings.
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Channel characteristics for Elevator Shafts at 5 GHz
2013 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), 2013Co-Authors: David W. MatolakAbstract:We provide some measured channel characterization results for two Elevator Shaft channels in the 5-GHz band, for two distinct Elevator Shaft types in two buildings. The Elevator Shaft channel is of interest for several applications, including public safety. Even though other authors have reported Elevator Shaft channel characteristics for lower-frequency bands (255-MHz, 900-MHz, 1.9-GHz), to our knowledge ours is the first work for the 5-GHz band. Prior work has also not thoroughly addressed channel characteristics when the Elevator car is in motion, whereas here we provide some initial measurement results for this dynamic condition. We measured power delay profiles and from these estimated propagation path loss and root-mean square delay spread (RMS-DS). Path loss exponents were approximately 2 in one building and 6 in the other. Mean RMS-DS values range from 14-60 ns when the Elevator car is motionless, with RMS-DS generally increasing with link distance. Maximum RMS-DS values increase to 58 ns and 70 ns in the two buildings when the Elevator car is moving and the receiver is inside the car.
Ľudovít Kovanič - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Determination of Elevator Shaft Uprightness Applying the Terrestrial Laser Scanning Method
GeoScience Engineering, 2013Co-Authors: Ľudovít KovaničAbstract:This paper presents the results obtained from geodetic measurements and processing the data with the objective to determine geometrical parameters of an Elevator Shaft applying classical as well as modern approaches for obtaining the measured data. The intention was to verify the possibility to apply the terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) method as a suitable, efficient and precise method for collecting spatial data.
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Determination of Elevator Shaft Uprightness Applying the Terrestrial Laser Scanning Method / Určovanie Zvislosti Výťahovej Šachty Metódou Terestrického Laserového Skenovania
GeoScience Engineering, 2013Co-Authors: Ľudovít KovaničAbstract:Abstract This paper presents the results obtained from geodetic measurements and processing the data with the objective to determine geometrical parameters of an Elevator Shaft applying classical as well as modern approaches for obtaining the measured data. The intention was to verify the possibility to apply the terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) method as a suitable, efficient and precise method for collecting spatial data.
Kotaro Hirasawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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SMC - Multi-car Elevator system using Genetic Network Programming for high-rise building
2010 IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics, 2010Co-Authors: Lu Yu, Shingo Mabu, Kotaro HirasawaAbstract:The multi-car Elevators consist of plural cars in a single Elevator Shaft. It makes the improvement in handling capacity, while allowing the reduction of the space occupied in the building. At present, lots of buildings with more than 40 floors are being built, which are usually divided into several zones served by local Elevator groups. The cars should be operated at equal time intervals, especially in such a building with multi-car Elevator systems (MCES) in order to obtain its good performance. In this paper, Genetic Network Programming (GNP) has been applied to MCES in high-rise buildings. The performances are shown by simulations.
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Multi-car Elevator system using Genetic Network Programming for high-rise building
2010 IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics, 2010Co-Authors: Lu Yu, Shingo Mabu, Kotaro HirasawaAbstract:The multi-car Elevators consist of plural cars in a single Elevator Shaft. It makes the improvement in handling capacity, while allowing the reduction of the space occupied in the building. At present, lots of buildings with more than 40 floors are being built, which are usually divided into several zones served by local Elevator groups. The cars should be operated at equal time intervals, especially in such a building with multi-car Elevator systems (MCES) in order to obtain its good performance. In this paper, Genetic Network Programming (GNP) has been applied to MCES in high-rise buildings. The performances are shown by simulations.
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Multi-car Elevator group supervisory control system using Genetic Network Programming
2009 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 2009Co-Authors: Lu Yu, Shingo Mabu, Tiantian Zhang, Kotaro HirasawaAbstract:Elevator group control systems are the transportation systems for handling passengers in the buildings. With the increasing demand for high-rise buildings, multi-car Elevator system (MCES) where two cars operate separately and independently in an Elevator Shaft are attracting attention as the next novel Elevator system. Genetic network programming (GNP), one of the evolutionary computations, can realize a rule based MCES due to its directed graph structure of the individual, which makes the system more flexible. This paper discusses MCES using GNP for the buildings with 30 floors. The performance of MCES are examined and compared with double-deck Elevator system (DDES).
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IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation - Multi-car Elevator group supervisory control system using Genetic Network Programming
2009 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 2009Co-Authors: Lu Yu, Shingo Mabu, Tiantian Zhang, Kotaro HirasawaAbstract:Elevator group control systems are the transportation systems for handling passengers in the buildings. With the increasing demand for high-rise buildings, Multi-Car Elevator System(MCES) where two cars operate separately and independently in an Elevator Shaft are attracting attention as the next novel Elevator system. Genetic Network Programming(GNP), one of the evolutionary computations, can realize a rule based MCES due to its directed graph structure of the individual, which makes the system more flexible. This paper discusses MCES using GNP for the buildings with 30 floors. The performance of MCES are examined and compared with Double-Deck Elevator System(DDES).
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Multi-Car Elevator System using Genetic Network Programming
2008 SICE Annual Conference, 2008Co-Authors: Lu Yu, Shingo Mabu, Kotaro Hirasawa, Jin Zhou, K. Shimada, S. MarkonAbstract:Elevator group control systems are the control systems that systematically manage Elevators in order to transport passengers efficiently. With the increasing need for high-performance transportation systems in buildings, multi-car Elevators where two cars operate separately and independently in an Elevator Shaft are attracting attention as the next novel Elevator system. Genetic network programming(GNP) can introduce various priori knowledge of the Elevator systems in its node functions easily and execute an efficient rule-based group control that is optimized evolutionary. This paper discusses the development of controllers for multi-car Elevator system (MCES) using GNP The effects for MCES are examined, and we compare the advantages and performances between MCES and double-deck Elevator system (DDES).