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Kunio Kato - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Entrainment Rates and Elutriation Rate Constants of Bed Particles and Group C Fine Powder in a Fluidized Bed and in a Circulating Fluidized Bed
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN, 2008Co-Authors: Tsutomu Nakazato, Kunio KatoAbstract:The effects of particle size and weight fraction of fine powder (group C) upon the entrainment rate of bed particles (groups B + C or groups A + C) and fine powder were investigated in a fluidized bed and in a circulating fluidized bed. The entrainment rates and Elutriation rate constants of the bed particles and fine powder were strongly affected by the particle size and the weight fraction of fine powder in the bed. A clear difference was observed in the dependence on the weight fraction of fine powder in both the entrainment rate of bed particles and the ratio of the Elutriation rate constant of fine powder to that of coarse particles between the B–C and A–C binary particle systems. When fine powder of 6 μm or smaller was added, the Elutriation rate constant of fine powder decreased as the mean diameter of the bed particles decreased from 40 μm. On the other hand, addition of group C powder of larger than 10 μm to group A particles showed very good fluidization with the large entrainment rate of the bed particles.
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Effect of cohesive powders on the Elutriation of particles from a fluid bed
Chemical Engineering Science, 2004Co-Authors: Tsutomu Nakazato, Kunio KatoAbstract:Abstract The Elutriation of fine particles (Group C or A particles in Geldart's classification) from a fluid bed of mixed fine and coarse particles is investigated in a steady state. Al(OH) 3 and alumina and TiO 2 powder of 0.5– 32 μm were used as fines. FCC, alumina, Al(OH) 3 , limestone, silica sand, SiC particles of 44– 97 μm were used as coarse particles. The paper investigates the effect on the Elutriation rate constant of both fine powders and coarse particles (i) of the weight fraction of Geldart C powders in the bed, (ii) of the superficial gas velocity, and (iii) of the size of C powder and size of coarse particles in the bed. The Elutriation rate constant of group C or group A particles is not only affected by the properties of the elutriated powders or particles and gas velocity, but also by both the weight fraction and size of C powder in the bed. This finding differs from the Elutriation result of A or B particles from a fluidized bed.
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Effect of electrostatic and capillary forces on the Elutriation of fine particles from a fluidized bed
Advanced Powder Technology, 2001Co-Authors: Kunio KatoAbstract:Abstract The Elutriation of fine particles (group C or A particles) from a fluidized bed of fine-coarse particle mixtures was investigated in a steady state. Alumina particles were used as fine; PVC, alumina, SiC and silica sand particles (group A or B particles) were used as coarse particles. The effect of the relative humidity on the Elutriation rate constant was investigated for different elutriated particle sizes and bed particles. There were three different zones between the Elutriation rate constant and the relative humidity. At the lower relative humidity, the Elutriation rate constant increased with increasing relative humidity. When the relative humidity reached a certain value, the Elutriation rate constant was not affected by the relative humidity. We defined this relative humidity as the electrostatic relative humidity (RHe). In the middle relative humidity region, the Elutriation rate constant was not affected by the relative humidity. When the relative humidity increased and reached a certain higher value, the Elutriation rate constant decreased with an increase of relative humidity. We defined this relative humidity as the capillary relative humidity (RHc). When the relative humidity is smaller than RHe, the Elutriation rate constant is affected by the electrostatic forces of the bed particles and the Elutriation rate constant increased with an increase of relative humidity. When the relative humidity is higher than RHc, the Elutriation rate constant is affected by the capillary forces of the bed particles and the Elutriation rate constant decreased with an increase of relative humidity.
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A correlation of the Elutriation rate constant for adhesion particles (group C particles)
Powder Technology, 2001Co-Authors: Kunio KatoAbstract:Abstract The Elutriation of fine particles (groups C or A particles) from a fluidized bed of fine–coarse particle mixtures was investigated at steady state. FCC and alumina particles were used as fines, Alumina, FCC, PVC, SiC and silica sand particles (groups A or B particles) were used as coarse particles, respectively. The Elutriation rate constant of group C particles (adhesion particles) decreased with increases in the mean diameter of bed particles and with decreases in the size of elutriated particles under the condition of a constant superficial gas velocity. This finding is quite different from that of Elutriation of groups A or B particles. The Elutriation rate constant of group C particles was hardly affected by the density of coarse particles in the bed. To correlate the Elutriation rate constant for adhesion particles, the particle size coefficient (Cps) is introduced. Empirical equations of Elutriation rate constant for cohesive particles were obtained. The proposed correlation well predicts the values of Elutriation rate constant of cohesive particles.
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Elutriation of very fine particles from fluidized bed: Effect of mean diameter of bed particles
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN, 2000Co-Authors: Atsushi Yamashita, Kunio KatoAbstract:The Elutriation of fine powders (group C or group A powders in Geldart’s classification) from a fluidized bed of fine-coarse particle mixtures in a steady state is investigated. FCC and alumina particles of 12 μm to 91 μm in diameter (group C and group A powders) were used as fines. Alumina particles of 69 μm to 650 μm in diameter (group A and group B particles) were used as coarse particles. The effects of the weight fraction of powder in the bed, superficial gas velocity, size of fine powder, size of coarse particle, and mean diameter of bed particles on the Elutriation rate constant were investigated.The following results are obtained. The Elutriation rate constant of group A particles is affected by the properties of the elutriated particles and gas and by operating conditions such as gas velocity. However, the Elutriation rate constant of group C powders is not only affected by the above conditions, but also by the weight fraction of the elutriated powder in the bed and sizes of both coarse particles and elutriated powder in the bed, that is, the mean diameter of the bed particles. The Elutriation rate constant of group C powders decreases with increases in the mean diameter of bed particles and with decreases in the size of group C powders under the condition of a constant superficial gas velocity. This finding is quite different from that of Elutriation of group A or group B particles.
Xianbao Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of mechanical Elutriation on carbon source recovery from primary sludge in a novel activated primary tank.
Chemosphere, 2019Co-Authors: Xianbao Wang, Pengkang Jin, Anlong Zhang, Junling Gao, Bo Zhang, Hou YinpingAbstract:Abstract A novel activated primary tank (APT) with an Elutriation unit was developed for recovering carbon by the fermentation and Elutriation of primary sludge, and the mechanical Elutriation mechanism was analysed by conducting a batch fermentation experiment to improve carbon source recovery. The results indicated that a high stirring velocity gradient could cause sludge disintegration, which could not only shorten the fermentation time, but also increase the production of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) by 8.3% and 9.5%, respectively. Moreover, mechanical Elutriation could also promote the release of SCOD from sludge to water, resulting in an increase in the yield of SCOD by 9.2%, it was observed that Elutriation intensity plays a more important role than the Elutriation time. The microbial community structure of the fermentation system was influenced by the stirring intensity. The relative abundance of fermentative bacteria in the reactor with a stirring intensity (G) of 160 s−1 was 13.8%, which was significantly higher than that in the reactor with G = 31 s−1 (8.037%), so the accumulation of VFAs and SCOD in the reactor with G = 160 s−1 was improved.
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a new activated primary tank developed for recovering carbon source and its application
Bioresource Technology, 2016Co-Authors: Pengkang Jin, Xianbao Wang, Qionghua Zhang, Xiaochang Wang, Huu Hao Ngo, Lei YangAbstract:A novel activated primary tank process (APT) was developed for recovering carbon source by fermentation and Elutriation of primary sludge. The effects of solids retention time (SRT), Elutriation intensity (G) and return sludge ratio (RSR) on this recovery were evaluated in a pilot scale reactor. Results indicated that SRT significantly influenced carbon source recovery, and mechanical Elutriation could promote soluble COD (SCOD) and VFA yields. The optimal conditions of APT were SRT=5d, G=152s(-1) and RSR=10%, SCOD and VFA production were 57.0mg/L and 21.7mg/L. Particulate organic matter in sludge was converted into SCOD and VFAs as fermentative bacteria were significantly enriched in APT. Moreover, the APT process was applied in a wastewater treatment plant to solve the problem of insufficient carbon source. The outcomes demonstrated that influent SCOD of biological tank increased by 31.1%, which improved the efficiency of removing nitrogen and phosphorus.
Pengkang Jin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of mechanical Elutriation on carbon source recovery from primary sludge in a novel activated primary tank.
Chemosphere, 2019Co-Authors: Xianbao Wang, Pengkang Jin, Anlong Zhang, Junling Gao, Bo Zhang, Hou YinpingAbstract:Abstract A novel activated primary tank (APT) with an Elutriation unit was developed for recovering carbon by the fermentation and Elutriation of primary sludge, and the mechanical Elutriation mechanism was analysed by conducting a batch fermentation experiment to improve carbon source recovery. The results indicated that a high stirring velocity gradient could cause sludge disintegration, which could not only shorten the fermentation time, but also increase the production of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) by 8.3% and 9.5%, respectively. Moreover, mechanical Elutriation could also promote the release of SCOD from sludge to water, resulting in an increase in the yield of SCOD by 9.2%, it was observed that Elutriation intensity plays a more important role than the Elutriation time. The microbial community structure of the fermentation system was influenced by the stirring intensity. The relative abundance of fermentative bacteria in the reactor with a stirring intensity (G) of 160 s−1 was 13.8%, which was significantly higher than that in the reactor with G = 31 s−1 (8.037%), so the accumulation of VFAs and SCOD in the reactor with G = 160 s−1 was improved.
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a new activated primary tank developed for recovering carbon source and its application
Bioresource Technology, 2016Co-Authors: Pengkang Jin, Xianbao Wang, Qionghua Zhang, Xiaochang Wang, Huu Hao Ngo, Lei YangAbstract:A novel activated primary tank process (APT) was developed for recovering carbon source by fermentation and Elutriation of primary sludge. The effects of solids retention time (SRT), Elutriation intensity (G) and return sludge ratio (RSR) on this recovery were evaluated in a pilot scale reactor. Results indicated that SRT significantly influenced carbon source recovery, and mechanical Elutriation could promote soluble COD (SCOD) and VFA yields. The optimal conditions of APT were SRT=5d, G=152s(-1) and RSR=10%, SCOD and VFA production were 57.0mg/L and 21.7mg/L. Particulate organic matter in sludge was converted into SCOD and VFAs as fermentative bacteria were significantly enriched in APT. Moreover, the APT process was applied in a wastewater treatment plant to solve the problem of insufficient carbon source. The outcomes demonstrated that influent SCOD of biological tank increased by 31.1%, which improved the efficiency of removing nitrogen and phosphorus.
Hou Yinping - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of mechanical Elutriation on carbon source recovery from primary sludge in a novel activated primary tank.
Chemosphere, 2019Co-Authors: Xianbao Wang, Pengkang Jin, Anlong Zhang, Junling Gao, Bo Zhang, Hou YinpingAbstract:Abstract A novel activated primary tank (APT) with an Elutriation unit was developed for recovering carbon by the fermentation and Elutriation of primary sludge, and the mechanical Elutriation mechanism was analysed by conducting a batch fermentation experiment to improve carbon source recovery. The results indicated that a high stirring velocity gradient could cause sludge disintegration, which could not only shorten the fermentation time, but also increase the production of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) by 8.3% and 9.5%, respectively. Moreover, mechanical Elutriation could also promote the release of SCOD from sludge to water, resulting in an increase in the yield of SCOD by 9.2%, it was observed that Elutriation intensity plays a more important role than the Elutriation time. The microbial community structure of the fermentation system was influenced by the stirring intensity. The relative abundance of fermentative bacteria in the reactor with a stirring intensity (G) of 160 s−1 was 13.8%, which was significantly higher than that in the reactor with G = 31 s−1 (8.037%), so the accumulation of VFAs and SCOD in the reactor with G = 160 s−1 was improved.
Chien-song Chyang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of fines hold-up in the freeboard on Elutriation from a fluidized bed
Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2011Co-Authors: Yun-long Han, Chien-song Chyang, Wei-min HsiaoAbstract:Abstract Elutriation of fines within a bubbling fluidized bed of a two-particle system was investigated. The coarse particles were glass beads with a mean size of 545 μm. The fine particles with mean sizes of 81, 97, 115, 137 and 163 μm were used, respectively. Fines elutriated from the fluidized-bed column were weighted continually by an electronic balance (OHAUS TP4KD). Weight of fines hold-up in the freeboard was measured by the method of the pressure drop. The first-order equation was used to determine the Elutriation rate of fines. Weight of fines hold-up in the freeboard was removed from the bed weight. The results show that the Elutriation rate constant increases with superficial gas velocity. Also it was found that the Elutriation rate constant decreases with increasing fine particle size and the freeboard height. In this study, the Elutriation rate constant is lower than that from the first-order equation which does not consider fines hold-up in the freeboard indicating that the previous researchers overestimate the Elutriation rate constant. Moreover, a generalized correlation was proposed correlating with superficial gas velocity, fine particle size and the freeboard height.
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Effect of interaction of operation parameters on Elutriation behavior in a vortexing fluidized bed
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2007Co-Authors: Chien-song Chyang, Hou-peng WanAbstract:A systematic investigation on Elutriation behavior conducted in a vortexing fluidized bed (VFB) cold model is studied. The effects of various parameters on the Elutriation are investigated from the data obtained by using 'response surface methodology' (RSM) to determine the relationship between Elutriation rate and operating conditions. The results show that all the interactions among primary air flow rate, secondary air flow rate, fine particle size, secondary air inlet diameter, and imaginary circle diameter had significant influences on Elutriation behavior in the VFB. The modified regression models of the 'specific Elutriation rate constant' (K*) were also submitted in this study.
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The effect of swirling flow on Elutriation in a vortexing fluidized bed
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 1999Co-Authors: Chien-song ChyangAbstract:The Elutriation of fine particles in a vortexing fluidized bed (VFB) was studied by a batch and binary system. The diameter of the coarse particles was 545 Μm, and the diameter of the fine particles for the Elutriation test was 81, 97, 115, 137, 163, and 193 Μm, respectively. It was found that the swirling flow caused by the secondary air injection is the dominating factor to influence the Elutriation rates. The effect of primary air velocity, swirling flow, injection angle of secondary air nozzle, and diameter of fine particles on the Elutriation rate constant was also studied. The Taguchi experimental method and Regular analysis are used to identify the effects of various operating variables. A correlation was developed to estimate the specific Elutriation rate constant (K _∞ ^* ) in the vortexing fluidized bed. The specific Elutriation rate constant (K _∞ ^* ) was found to be a function of the primary air velocity, the diameter of fine particles, the secondary air velocity, and the height of secondary air injection.
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Elutriation of Fine Particles from a Vortexing Fluidized Bed
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN, 1998Co-Authors: Chien-song Chyang, Hou-peng Wan, Yi-chen LiuAbstract:A systematic investigation of Elutriation of particles is reported in the cold model of bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) and vortexing fluidized bed (VFB) of 0.19 m diameter and 4.0 m height. Glass beads were used as the fluidized material. The diameter of the coarse particles was 545 μm, the diameter of the fine particles used for the Elutriation test ranged from 49 to 194 μm. The results indicate that the specific Elutriation rate constant (K∞*) is a function of the initial concentration of elutriated fine particles. The minimum value of K∞* is obtained when the initial concentration of elutriated fine particles is reached 16 wt% in a BFB system. Based on the experimental data obtained from the BFB, a correlation is presented to estimate the K∞*. The K∞* is found to be a function of the particle terminal velocity, gas density, and modified Froude number (Fr*). For a wide particle size distribution (PSD) system, a new parameter, called particle size distribution factor, γ, is introduced to describe the specific Elutriation rate constant of wide PSD elutriated fine particles. A method to estimate the specific Elutriation rate constant of a multi-component system by using the specific Elutriation rate constant of each component obtained from a binary particle mixture system is also presented in this study.