The Experts below are selected from a list of 4794 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Iris M Engelhard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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reducing vividness and Emotional Intensity of recurrent flashforwards by taxing working memory an analogue study
Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2011Co-Authors: Iris M Engelhard, Marcel A Van Den Hout, Catharina L Giele, Janwillem Van Der Wielen, Marthe J Reijnen, Birgit Van RoijAbstract:Abstract Several studies have found that making eye movements while retrieving visual images about past negative events reduces their vividness and Emotional Intensity. A working memory account states that eye movements tax working memory and interfere with visual imagery, thus degrading images. This study examined whether eye movements also affect recurrent, intrusive visual images about potential future catastrophes (“flashforwards”) in a sample of female undergraduates who had indicated on a screening-scale that they suffer from such intrusions. They were asked to recall two intrusive images with or without making eye movements. Before and after each condition, participants retrieved the image, and rated its vividness and Emotionality. Results showed that vividness of intrusive images was lower after recall with eye movement, relative to recall only, and there was a similar trend for Emotionality. Potential implications are discussed.
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taxing working memory reduces vividness and Emotional Intensity of images about the queen s day tragedy
Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 2011Co-Authors: Iris M Engelhard, Marcel A Van Den Hout, Monique A M SmeetsAbstract:Abstract Eye movements during exposure to distressing mental images reduce their vividness and Emotional Intensity, which may be due to both tasks competing for working memory (WM) resources. WM theory predicts an inverted U-shaped relationship between degree of taxing and beneficial effects: greater taxing of WM will more greatly reduce vividness/Emotionality, but extremely taxing tasks prevent holding the image in mind, thereby reducing benefits. This study examined whether mental arithmetic (subtraction) tasks during visual imagery reduce image vividness/Emotionality ratings, and taxing WM and reduced vividness/Emotionality show the predicted quadratic relationship. A non-clinical sample retrieved a distressing image of the Queen’s Day tragedy (which occurred 1–3 months earlier in the Netherlands), and rated it for vividness and Emotionality. Participants were assigned to one of four conditions: exposure alone or exposure with concurrent ‘simple’ subtraction, ‘intermediate’ subtraction, or ‘complex’ subtraction. Afterwards, vividness and Emotionality were rated again. A reaction time task showed that the subtraction tasks increasingly taxed WM. Consistent with WM theory, exposure with subtraction reduced image vividness and Emotionality compared to exposure alone. The expected inverse U-curve relationship was found for Emotionality, but not for vividness: simple or intermediate subtraction had more beneficial effects than no dual-task or complex subtraction. Clinical implications are discussed.
Nico H Frijda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the determinants of subjective Emotional Intensity
Cognition & Emotion, 1995Co-Authors: Joep Sonnemans, Nico H FrijdaAbstract:Abstract What determines the subjective Intensity of emotions? Four major groups of determinants are hypothesised: concerns (strength and relevance), appraisal, regulation, and individual differences. During six weeks subjects reported an emotion every week and answered questions on a computer. It appears that all four groups of supposed determinants are correlated with Emotional Intensity, the concern variables show the highest correlations. The importance of the determinants is not always the same, there are differences between the emotions and between the dimensions of Emotional Intensity. The relation between regulation and Emotional Intensity is complex: Causal relations are expected in both directions. On the one hand, a more intense emotion requires more regulation (positive causal effect), and on the other, regulation will decrease the Intensity (negative causal effect). Indications of the existence of both relations are found. Regulation and Intensity are positively correlated. The canonical corr...
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the structure of subjective Emotional Intensity
Cognition & Emotion, 1994Co-Authors: Joep Sonnemans, Nico H FrijdaAbstract:Abstract Emotions vary in Intensity. But what is it that vanes? There are many parameters that can be considered parameters of Emotional Intensity, and it is unclear how these parameters are related. The main question of this study is: Is the subjective Intensity of emotion one dimensional, and, if not, what are its dimensions? We sampled 222 instances of emotions, and for each instance subjects completed a questionnaire. The subjects also drew a diagram of the course of their emotion over time. A factor analysis of the Intensity questions and the diagram variables yielded six factors: (1) duration of the emotion and delay of its onset and peak; (2) perceived bodily changes and strength of felt passivity; (3) recollection and re-experience of the emotion; (4) strength and drasticness of action tendency, and drasticness of actual behaviour; (5) belief changes and influence upon long-term behaviour; and (6) overall felt Intensity. Most specific dimensions correlated moderately with overall felt Intensity. S...
Henri Carlo Santos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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wise reasoning benefits from emodiversity irrespective of Emotional Intensity
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2019Co-Authors: Igor Grossmann, Harrison Oakes, Henri Carlo SantosAbstract:: [Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported in Vol 148(5) of Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (see record 2019-25114-002). In the original article, all references to Study 6 in the text and Table 5 should be omitted. The resulting corrections are included in the erratum. All versions of this article have been corrected.] The role of emotions in wise reasoning is not well understood. On the one hand, work on Emotional regulation suggests that downregulating intense emotions may lead to wiser reasoning. On the other hand, emerging work suggests that recognizing and balancing emotions provides critical insights into life experiences, suggesting an alternative path to wiser reasoning. We present a series of observational, diary, and experimental studies (N = 3,678 participants) addressing these possibilities, examining how wisdom-related characteristics of reasoning-epistemic humility, recognition of a world in flux, self-transcendence, recognition of diverse perspectives on an issue, and search for integration of diverse perspectives/compromise-relate to Emotional Intensity and to emodiversity (i.e., Emotional richness and evenness) in a given situation. Across 5 studies, testing wisdom nominees and examining individual differences and manipulated wise reasoning, wisdom-related characteristics appeared in conjunction with emodiversity, independent of downregulated Emotional Intensity. The positive association between emodiversity and wisdom-related characteristics occurred consistently for daily challenges, unresolved interpersonal conflicts, as well as political conflicts. The relationship between Emotional Intensity and wisdom-related characteristics was less systematic, with some studies showing a positive (rather than negative) association between Emotional Intensity and wisdom. Together, these results demonstrate that wise reasoning does not necessarily require uniform Emotional downregulation. Instead, wise reasoning can also benefit from a rich and balanced Emotional life. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Wise Reasoning Benefits from Emodiversity, Irrespective of Emotional Intensity
2017Co-Authors: Igor Grossmann, Harrison Oakes, Henri Carlo SantosAbstract:The role of emotions in wise reasoning is not well understood. On the one hand, work on Emotional regulation suggests downregulating intense emotions may lead to wiser reasoning. On the other hand, emerging work suggests recognizing and balancing emotions provides critical insights into life experiences, suggesting an alternative path to wiser reasoning. We present a series of observational, diary, and experimental studies (N = 3,678) addressing these possibilities, examining how wisdom-related characteristics of reasoning—epistemic humility, recognition of a world in flux/change, self-transcendence, recognition of diverse perspectives on an issue, search for integration of diverse perspectives/compromise—relate to Emotional Intensity and to emodiversity (i.e., Emotional richness and evenness) in a given situation. Across five studies—testing wisdom nominees and examining individual differences and manipulated wise reasoning, it appeared in conjunction with emodiversity, independent of downregulated Emotional Intensity. The positive association between emodiversity and wisdom-related characteristics occurred consistently for daily challenges, unresolved interpersonal conflicts, as well as political conflicts. The relationship between Emotional Intensity and wisdom-related characteristics was less systematic, with some studies suggesting a positive (rather than negative) association between Emotional Intensity and wisdom. Together, these results demonstrate that wise reasoning does not necessarily require uniform Emotional downregulation. Instead, wise reasoning can also benefit from a rich and balanced Emotional life.
Birgit Van Roij - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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reducing vividness and Emotional Intensity of recurrent flashforwards by taxing working memory an analogue study
Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2011Co-Authors: Iris M Engelhard, Marcel A Van Den Hout, Catharina L Giele, Janwillem Van Der Wielen, Marthe J Reijnen, Birgit Van RoijAbstract:Abstract Several studies have found that making eye movements while retrieving visual images about past negative events reduces their vividness and Emotional Intensity. A working memory account states that eye movements tax working memory and interfere with visual imagery, thus degrading images. This study examined whether eye movements also affect recurrent, intrusive visual images about potential future catastrophes (“flashforwards”) in a sample of female undergraduates who had indicated on a screening-scale that they suffer from such intrusions. They were asked to recall two intrusive images with or without making eye movements. Before and after each condition, participants retrieved the image, and rated its vividness and Emotionality. Results showed that vividness of intrusive images was lower after recall with eye movement, relative to recall only, and there was a similar trend for Emotionality. Potential implications are discussed.
Marcel A Van Den Hout - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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reducing vividness and Emotional Intensity of recurrent flashforwards by taxing working memory an analogue study
Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2011Co-Authors: Iris M Engelhard, Marcel A Van Den Hout, Catharina L Giele, Janwillem Van Der Wielen, Marthe J Reijnen, Birgit Van RoijAbstract:Abstract Several studies have found that making eye movements while retrieving visual images about past negative events reduces their vividness and Emotional Intensity. A working memory account states that eye movements tax working memory and interfere with visual imagery, thus degrading images. This study examined whether eye movements also affect recurrent, intrusive visual images about potential future catastrophes (“flashforwards”) in a sample of female undergraduates who had indicated on a screening-scale that they suffer from such intrusions. They were asked to recall two intrusive images with or without making eye movements. Before and after each condition, participants retrieved the image, and rated its vividness and Emotionality. Results showed that vividness of intrusive images was lower after recall with eye movement, relative to recall only, and there was a similar trend for Emotionality. Potential implications are discussed.
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taxing working memory reduces vividness and Emotional Intensity of images about the queen s day tragedy
Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 2011Co-Authors: Iris M Engelhard, Marcel A Van Den Hout, Monique A M SmeetsAbstract:Abstract Eye movements during exposure to distressing mental images reduce their vividness and Emotional Intensity, which may be due to both tasks competing for working memory (WM) resources. WM theory predicts an inverted U-shaped relationship between degree of taxing and beneficial effects: greater taxing of WM will more greatly reduce vividness/Emotionality, but extremely taxing tasks prevent holding the image in mind, thereby reducing benefits. This study examined whether mental arithmetic (subtraction) tasks during visual imagery reduce image vividness/Emotionality ratings, and taxing WM and reduced vividness/Emotionality show the predicted quadratic relationship. A non-clinical sample retrieved a distressing image of the Queen’s Day tragedy (which occurred 1–3 months earlier in the Netherlands), and rated it for vividness and Emotionality. Participants were assigned to one of four conditions: exposure alone or exposure with concurrent ‘simple’ subtraction, ‘intermediate’ subtraction, or ‘complex’ subtraction. Afterwards, vividness and Emotionality were rated again. A reaction time task showed that the subtraction tasks increasingly taxed WM. Consistent with WM theory, exposure with subtraction reduced image vividness and Emotionality compared to exposure alone. The expected inverse U-curve relationship was found for Emotionality, but not for vividness: simple or intermediate subtraction had more beneficial effects than no dual-task or complex subtraction. Clinical implications are discussed.