The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Riccardo Montanari - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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European ceramic technology in the Far East: Enamels and pigments in Japanese art from the 16th to the 20th century and their reverse influence on China
Heritage Science, 2020Co-Authors: Riccardo Montanari, Maria Francesca Alberghina, Philippe Colomban, Claudia Pelosi, Nobuyuki Murakami, Salvatore SchiavoneAbstract:The production of Japanese Enamels for porcelain decoration was thought to have originated from the direct and exclusive influence of Chinese potters who moved to Japan during the chaotic Ming to Qing dynastic change in 1644. Recent systematic studies have identified, for the first time, the crucial influence of Jesuit missionaries on pigment and enamel production in Japan from the late 16th-century. In particular, such first encounter laid the foundation for the continued influence exerted by European technology on Japanese art throughout the centuries. The present study has further identified European Enamels used for the decoration of polychrome wares fired in Arita, the porcelain production center of Japan. This continued exchange not only marked the Edo period, but also extended into the twentieth century. For the first time, the lack of written records regarding the use of western pigments for enamel production caused by the persecutions of European and Japanese Christians has been overcome in the work herein presented. The nature of the imported materials has been firmly identified and characterized. The analytical results (EDXRF and Raman) have finally revealed how western technology and materials not only kept influencing Japanese art during the isolation (sakoku) period, but also accompanied the strong westernization process that marked Japa-nese history from the late nineteenth century. Moreover, the significant reverse influence of Japanese-made Enamels on Chinese polychrome porcelain production in the late Qing and twentieth century has been fully identified for the first time. Furthermore, results show that the shift of the Pb mode of lead antimonate (Naples Yellow) is affected by the firing temperature for enamel decoration, and that this characteristic, along with the chemical composition, enables the identification of the origin and manufacture period of the yellow enamel.
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the origin of overglaze blue enameling in japan new discoveries and a reassessment
Journal of Cultural Heritage, 2019Co-Authors: Riccardo Montanari, Maria Francesca Alberghina, Claudia Pelosi, Nobuyuki Murakami, Salvatore SchiavoneAbstract:Abstract The production of overglaze-blue decorated porcelains in Japan has traditionally been associated with Chinese technology, but the puzzling issue of the early firing of a striking overglaze-blue enamel has remained unresolved for almost a century. This work presents the first systematic scientific study of shards excavated at kiln sites in Arita, the center of porcelain production in Japan. The study was carried out in an attempt to resolve the issue of the origin of overglaze-blue enameling on early polychrome Imari wares (Shoki Iro-e) which started around 1640, way before the same technology spread in Jingdezhen in the late Kangxi period (1700). In particular shards excavated at the Yanbeta kiln site, where it has recently been discovered that polychrome overglaze decoration started, and shards from other early kilns were analyzed for the first time. Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) was used to identify the chemical composition of the coloring agents present in the overglaze-blue Enamels in order to determine their geographical area of origin. Experimental results provide groundbreaking information regarding the materials and technologies used in the different kilns, and show how the earliest attempts at firing overglaze-blue Enamels in Arita involved the use of imported cobalt ores. For the first time, it has been scientifically proved that the successful use of an overglaze-blue decoration was a precise effect Japanese potters aimed at achieving by means of selected materials and technologies obtained from Europe, thus resolving the issues that emerged from the traditional approach of a Chinese origin for all technologies. Furthermore, comparisons between scientific analysis of late-16th and early-17th century Japanese paintings in Western style and the results presented in this work revealed that materials used for overglaze-enameling were also used for pigments employed in traditional paintings. Technologies from distant geographical areas proved crucial in pre-modern Japan.
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a polychrome mukozuke 1624 1644 porcelain offers a new hypothesis on the introduction of european enameling technology in japan
Journal of Cultural Heritage, 2018Co-Authors: Riccardo Montanari, Maria Francesca Alberghina, Annalaura Casanova Municchia, Emanuela Massa, Anna Pelagotti, Salvatore Schiavone, Claudia Pelosi, Armida SodoAbstract:Abstract This study was carried out in an attempt to resolve the issue of the introduction of overglaze enameling in Japan through non-destructive analysis of the overglaze Enamels that decorate the only known polychrome mukozuke dish (to be used in the tea ceremony) bearing the early Japanese date mark ‘Kan’ei Nen Sei’ (made in the Kan’ei period) (1624–1644). The investigation focused specifically on the overglaze yellow enamel and the underglaze blue pigment, for they could provide valuable information on the production workshop and geographical area of origin. Owing to the extraordinary importance and extreme rarity of this newly-discovered dish, it was mandatory not to sample it. Therefore, Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF) and Raman spectroscopy were used to obtain, in a non-destructive way, both elemental and molecular information about the coloring agent present in the yellow overglaze enamel. The underglaze-blue pigment at the base mark was also investigated. Besides a detailed literature research, a comparison was made with the chemical composition of fully identified and dated polychrome decorated Chinese and Japanese porcelains, and the results are reported in this work. The obtained analytical evidence has proved to be crucial in identifying the first use of Naples Yellow in Japan, and in resolving the issue of the origin of overglaze enameling, providing the missing step that actually led to the first development of the technique in Arita in the 1630s. Furthermore, it has shown that the Raman shift of the Pb mode of the A2O’ lattice is greatly affected by the firing temperature for enamel decoration, and that this specific characteristic of Naples Yellow, along with its elemental composition, can help determine its area of origin and period of manufacture.
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A polychrome Mukozuke (1624–1644) porcelain offers a new hypothesis on the introduction of European enameling technology in Japan
Journal of Cultural Heritage, 2018Co-Authors: Riccardo Montanari, Maria Francesca Alberghina, Annalaura Casanova Municchia, Emanuela Massa, Anna Pelagotti, Salvatore Schiavone, Claudia Pelosi, Armida SodoAbstract:This study was carried out in an attempt to resolve the issue of the introduction of overglaze enameling in Japan through non-destructive analysis of the overglaze Enamels that decorate the only known polychrome mukozuke dish (to be used in the tea ceremony) bearing the early Japanese date mark ‘Kan'ei Nen Sei’ (made in the Kan'ei period) (1624–1644). The investigation focused specifically on the overglaze yellow enamel and the underglaze blue pigment, for they could provide valuable information on the production workshop and geographical area of origin. Owing to the extraordinary importance and extreme rarity of this newly-discovered dish, it was mandatory not to sample it. Therefore, Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF) and Raman spectroscopy were used to obtain, in a non-destructive way, both elemental and molecular information about the coloring agent present in the yellow overglaze enamel. The underglaze-blue pigment at the base mark was also investigated. Besides a detailed literature research, a comparison was made with the chemical composition of fully identified and dated polychrome decorated Chinese and Japanese porcelains, and the results are reported in this work. The obtained analytical evidence has proved to be crucial in identifying the first use of Naples Yellow in Japan, and in resolving the issue of the origin of overglaze enameling, providing the missing step that actually led to the first development of the technique in Arita in the 1630s. Furthermore, it has shown that the Raman shift of the Pb mode of the A2O’ lattice is greatly affected by the firing temperature for enamel decoration, and that this specific characteristic of Naples Yellow, along with its elemental composition, can help determine its area of origin and period of manufacture.
Salvatore Schiavone - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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European ceramic technology in the Far East: Enamels and pigments in Japanese art from the 16th to the 20th century and their reverse influence on China
Heritage Science, 2020Co-Authors: Riccardo Montanari, Maria Francesca Alberghina, Philippe Colomban, Claudia Pelosi, Nobuyuki Murakami, Salvatore SchiavoneAbstract:The production of Japanese Enamels for porcelain decoration was thought to have originated from the direct and exclusive influence of Chinese potters who moved to Japan during the chaotic Ming to Qing dynastic change in 1644. Recent systematic studies have identified, for the first time, the crucial influence of Jesuit missionaries on pigment and enamel production in Japan from the late 16th-century. In particular, such first encounter laid the foundation for the continued influence exerted by European technology on Japanese art throughout the centuries. The present study has further identified European Enamels used for the decoration of polychrome wares fired in Arita, the porcelain production center of Japan. This continued exchange not only marked the Edo period, but also extended into the twentieth century. For the first time, the lack of written records regarding the use of western pigments for enamel production caused by the persecutions of European and Japanese Christians has been overcome in the work herein presented. The nature of the imported materials has been firmly identified and characterized. The analytical results (EDXRF and Raman) have finally revealed how western technology and materials not only kept influencing Japanese art during the isolation (sakoku) period, but also accompanied the strong westernization process that marked Japa-nese history from the late nineteenth century. Moreover, the significant reverse influence of Japanese-made Enamels on Chinese polychrome porcelain production in the late Qing and twentieth century has been fully identified for the first time. Furthermore, results show that the shift of the Pb mode of lead antimonate (Naples Yellow) is affected by the firing temperature for enamel decoration, and that this characteristic, along with the chemical composition, enables the identification of the origin and manufacture period of the yellow enamel.
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the origin of overglaze blue enameling in japan new discoveries and a reassessment
Journal of Cultural Heritage, 2019Co-Authors: Riccardo Montanari, Maria Francesca Alberghina, Claudia Pelosi, Nobuyuki Murakami, Salvatore SchiavoneAbstract:Abstract The production of overglaze-blue decorated porcelains in Japan has traditionally been associated with Chinese technology, but the puzzling issue of the early firing of a striking overglaze-blue enamel has remained unresolved for almost a century. This work presents the first systematic scientific study of shards excavated at kiln sites in Arita, the center of porcelain production in Japan. The study was carried out in an attempt to resolve the issue of the origin of overglaze-blue enameling on early polychrome Imari wares (Shoki Iro-e) which started around 1640, way before the same technology spread in Jingdezhen in the late Kangxi period (1700). In particular shards excavated at the Yanbeta kiln site, where it has recently been discovered that polychrome overglaze decoration started, and shards from other early kilns were analyzed for the first time. Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) was used to identify the chemical composition of the coloring agents present in the overglaze-blue Enamels in order to determine their geographical area of origin. Experimental results provide groundbreaking information regarding the materials and technologies used in the different kilns, and show how the earliest attempts at firing overglaze-blue Enamels in Arita involved the use of imported cobalt ores. For the first time, it has been scientifically proved that the successful use of an overglaze-blue decoration was a precise effect Japanese potters aimed at achieving by means of selected materials and technologies obtained from Europe, thus resolving the issues that emerged from the traditional approach of a Chinese origin for all technologies. Furthermore, comparisons between scientific analysis of late-16th and early-17th century Japanese paintings in Western style and the results presented in this work revealed that materials used for overglaze-enameling were also used for pigments employed in traditional paintings. Technologies from distant geographical areas proved crucial in pre-modern Japan.
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a polychrome mukozuke 1624 1644 porcelain offers a new hypothesis on the introduction of european enameling technology in japan
Journal of Cultural Heritage, 2018Co-Authors: Riccardo Montanari, Maria Francesca Alberghina, Annalaura Casanova Municchia, Emanuela Massa, Anna Pelagotti, Salvatore Schiavone, Claudia Pelosi, Armida SodoAbstract:Abstract This study was carried out in an attempt to resolve the issue of the introduction of overglaze enameling in Japan through non-destructive analysis of the overglaze Enamels that decorate the only known polychrome mukozuke dish (to be used in the tea ceremony) bearing the early Japanese date mark ‘Kan’ei Nen Sei’ (made in the Kan’ei period) (1624–1644). The investigation focused specifically on the overglaze yellow enamel and the underglaze blue pigment, for they could provide valuable information on the production workshop and geographical area of origin. Owing to the extraordinary importance and extreme rarity of this newly-discovered dish, it was mandatory not to sample it. Therefore, Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF) and Raman spectroscopy were used to obtain, in a non-destructive way, both elemental and molecular information about the coloring agent present in the yellow overglaze enamel. The underglaze-blue pigment at the base mark was also investigated. Besides a detailed literature research, a comparison was made with the chemical composition of fully identified and dated polychrome decorated Chinese and Japanese porcelains, and the results are reported in this work. The obtained analytical evidence has proved to be crucial in identifying the first use of Naples Yellow in Japan, and in resolving the issue of the origin of overglaze enameling, providing the missing step that actually led to the first development of the technique in Arita in the 1630s. Furthermore, it has shown that the Raman shift of the Pb mode of the A2O’ lattice is greatly affected by the firing temperature for enamel decoration, and that this specific characteristic of Naples Yellow, along with its elemental composition, can help determine its area of origin and period of manufacture.
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A polychrome Mukozuke (1624–1644) porcelain offers a new hypothesis on the introduction of European enameling technology in Japan
Journal of Cultural Heritage, 2018Co-Authors: Riccardo Montanari, Maria Francesca Alberghina, Annalaura Casanova Municchia, Emanuela Massa, Anna Pelagotti, Salvatore Schiavone, Claudia Pelosi, Armida SodoAbstract:This study was carried out in an attempt to resolve the issue of the introduction of overglaze enameling in Japan through non-destructive analysis of the overglaze Enamels that decorate the only known polychrome mukozuke dish (to be used in the tea ceremony) bearing the early Japanese date mark ‘Kan'ei Nen Sei’ (made in the Kan'ei period) (1624–1644). The investigation focused specifically on the overglaze yellow enamel and the underglaze blue pigment, for they could provide valuable information on the production workshop and geographical area of origin. Owing to the extraordinary importance and extreme rarity of this newly-discovered dish, it was mandatory not to sample it. Therefore, Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF) and Raman spectroscopy were used to obtain, in a non-destructive way, both elemental and molecular information about the coloring agent present in the yellow overglaze enamel. The underglaze-blue pigment at the base mark was also investigated. Besides a detailed literature research, a comparison was made with the chemical composition of fully identified and dated polychrome decorated Chinese and Japanese porcelains, and the results are reported in this work. The obtained analytical evidence has proved to be crucial in identifying the first use of Naples Yellow in Japan, and in resolving the issue of the origin of overglaze enameling, providing the missing step that actually led to the first development of the technique in Arita in the 1630s. Furthermore, it has shown that the Raman shift of the Pb mode of the A2O’ lattice is greatly affected by the firing temperature for enamel decoration, and that this specific characteristic of Naples Yellow, along with its elemental composition, can help determine its area of origin and period of manufacture.
James J De Yoreo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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control of calcium phosphate nucleation and transformation through interactions of enamelin and amelogenin exhibits the goldilocks effect
Crystal Growth & Design, 2018Co-Authors: Jinhui Tao, Andreas Fijneman, Jiaqi Wan, Saumya Prajapati, Kaushik Mukherjee, Alejandro Fernandezmartinez, Janet Moradianoldak, James J De YoreoAbstract:Although amelogenin comprises the vast majority of the matrix that templates calcium phosphate nucleation during enamel formation, other proteins, particularly enamelin, are also known to play an important role in the formation of enamel's intricate architecture. However, there is little understanding of the interplay between amelogenin and enamelin in controlling processes of mineral nucleation and growth. Here, we used an in vitro model to investigate the impact of enamelin interaction with amelogenin on calcium phosphate nucleation for a range of enamelin-to-amelogenin ratios. We found that amelogenin alone is a weak promoter of nucleation, but addition of enamelin enhanced nucleation rates in a highly nonlinear, nonmonotonic manner reaching a sharp maximum at a ratio of 1:50 enamelin/amelogenin. We provide a phenomenological model to explain this effect that assumes only isolated enamelin proteins can act as sites of enhanced nucleation, while enamelin oligomers cannot. Even when interaction is random, the model reproduces the observed behavior, suggesting a simple means to tightly control the timing and extent of nucleation and phase transformation by amelogenin and enamelin.
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Control of Calcium Phosphate Nucleation and Transformation through Interactions of Enamelin and Amelogenin Exhibits the “Goldilocks Effect”
2018Co-Authors: Jinhui Tao, Janet Moradian-oldak, Andreas Fijneman, Jiaqi Wan, Saumya Prajapati, Kaushik Mukherjee, Alejandro Fernandez-martinez, James J De YoreoAbstract:Although amelogenin comprises the vast majority of the matrix that templates calcium phosphate nucleation during enamel formation, other proteins, particularly enamelin, are also known to play an important role in the formation of enamel’s intricate architecture. However, there is little understanding of the interplay between amelogenin and enamelin in controlling processes of mineral nucleation and growth. Here, we used an in vitro model to investigate the impact of enamelin interaction with amelogenin on calcium phosphate nucleation for a range of enamelin-to-amelogenin ratios. We found that amelogenin alone is a weak promoter of nucleation, but addition of enamelin enhanced nucleation rates in a highly nonlinear, nonmonotonic manner reaching a sharp maximum at a ratio of 1:50 enamelin/amelogenin. We provide a phenomenological model to explain this effect that assumes only isolated enamelin proteins can act as sites of enhanced nucleation, while enamelin oligomers cannot. Even when interaction is random, the model reproduces the observed behavior, suggesting a simple means to tightly control the timing and extent of nucleation and phase transformation by amelogenin and enamelin
Claudia Pelosi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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European ceramic technology in the Far East: Enamels and pigments in Japanese art from the 16th to the 20th century and their reverse influence on China
Heritage Science, 2020Co-Authors: Riccardo Montanari, Maria Francesca Alberghina, Philippe Colomban, Claudia Pelosi, Nobuyuki Murakami, Salvatore SchiavoneAbstract:The production of Japanese Enamels for porcelain decoration was thought to have originated from the direct and exclusive influence of Chinese potters who moved to Japan during the chaotic Ming to Qing dynastic change in 1644. Recent systematic studies have identified, for the first time, the crucial influence of Jesuit missionaries on pigment and enamel production in Japan from the late 16th-century. In particular, such first encounter laid the foundation for the continued influence exerted by European technology on Japanese art throughout the centuries. The present study has further identified European Enamels used for the decoration of polychrome wares fired in Arita, the porcelain production center of Japan. This continued exchange not only marked the Edo period, but also extended into the twentieth century. For the first time, the lack of written records regarding the use of western pigments for enamel production caused by the persecutions of European and Japanese Christians has been overcome in the work herein presented. The nature of the imported materials has been firmly identified and characterized. The analytical results (EDXRF and Raman) have finally revealed how western technology and materials not only kept influencing Japanese art during the isolation (sakoku) period, but also accompanied the strong westernization process that marked Japa-nese history from the late nineteenth century. Moreover, the significant reverse influence of Japanese-made Enamels on Chinese polychrome porcelain production in the late Qing and twentieth century has been fully identified for the first time. Furthermore, results show that the shift of the Pb mode of lead antimonate (Naples Yellow) is affected by the firing temperature for enamel decoration, and that this characteristic, along with the chemical composition, enables the identification of the origin and manufacture period of the yellow enamel.
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the origin of overglaze blue enameling in japan new discoveries and a reassessment
Journal of Cultural Heritage, 2019Co-Authors: Riccardo Montanari, Maria Francesca Alberghina, Claudia Pelosi, Nobuyuki Murakami, Salvatore SchiavoneAbstract:Abstract The production of overglaze-blue decorated porcelains in Japan has traditionally been associated with Chinese technology, but the puzzling issue of the early firing of a striking overglaze-blue enamel has remained unresolved for almost a century. This work presents the first systematic scientific study of shards excavated at kiln sites in Arita, the center of porcelain production in Japan. The study was carried out in an attempt to resolve the issue of the origin of overglaze-blue enameling on early polychrome Imari wares (Shoki Iro-e) which started around 1640, way before the same technology spread in Jingdezhen in the late Kangxi period (1700). In particular shards excavated at the Yanbeta kiln site, where it has recently been discovered that polychrome overglaze decoration started, and shards from other early kilns were analyzed for the first time. Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) was used to identify the chemical composition of the coloring agents present in the overglaze-blue Enamels in order to determine their geographical area of origin. Experimental results provide groundbreaking information regarding the materials and technologies used in the different kilns, and show how the earliest attempts at firing overglaze-blue Enamels in Arita involved the use of imported cobalt ores. For the first time, it has been scientifically proved that the successful use of an overglaze-blue decoration was a precise effect Japanese potters aimed at achieving by means of selected materials and technologies obtained from Europe, thus resolving the issues that emerged from the traditional approach of a Chinese origin for all technologies. Furthermore, comparisons between scientific analysis of late-16th and early-17th century Japanese paintings in Western style and the results presented in this work revealed that materials used for overglaze-enameling were also used for pigments employed in traditional paintings. Technologies from distant geographical areas proved crucial in pre-modern Japan.
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a polychrome mukozuke 1624 1644 porcelain offers a new hypothesis on the introduction of european enameling technology in japan
Journal of Cultural Heritage, 2018Co-Authors: Riccardo Montanari, Maria Francesca Alberghina, Annalaura Casanova Municchia, Emanuela Massa, Anna Pelagotti, Salvatore Schiavone, Claudia Pelosi, Armida SodoAbstract:Abstract This study was carried out in an attempt to resolve the issue of the introduction of overglaze enameling in Japan through non-destructive analysis of the overglaze Enamels that decorate the only known polychrome mukozuke dish (to be used in the tea ceremony) bearing the early Japanese date mark ‘Kan’ei Nen Sei’ (made in the Kan’ei period) (1624–1644). The investigation focused specifically on the overglaze yellow enamel and the underglaze blue pigment, for they could provide valuable information on the production workshop and geographical area of origin. Owing to the extraordinary importance and extreme rarity of this newly-discovered dish, it was mandatory not to sample it. Therefore, Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF) and Raman spectroscopy were used to obtain, in a non-destructive way, both elemental and molecular information about the coloring agent present in the yellow overglaze enamel. The underglaze-blue pigment at the base mark was also investigated. Besides a detailed literature research, a comparison was made with the chemical composition of fully identified and dated polychrome decorated Chinese and Japanese porcelains, and the results are reported in this work. The obtained analytical evidence has proved to be crucial in identifying the first use of Naples Yellow in Japan, and in resolving the issue of the origin of overglaze enameling, providing the missing step that actually led to the first development of the technique in Arita in the 1630s. Furthermore, it has shown that the Raman shift of the Pb mode of the A2O’ lattice is greatly affected by the firing temperature for enamel decoration, and that this specific characteristic of Naples Yellow, along with its elemental composition, can help determine its area of origin and period of manufacture.
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A polychrome Mukozuke (1624–1644) porcelain offers a new hypothesis on the introduction of European enameling technology in Japan
Journal of Cultural Heritage, 2018Co-Authors: Riccardo Montanari, Maria Francesca Alberghina, Annalaura Casanova Municchia, Emanuela Massa, Anna Pelagotti, Salvatore Schiavone, Claudia Pelosi, Armida SodoAbstract:This study was carried out in an attempt to resolve the issue of the introduction of overglaze enameling in Japan through non-destructive analysis of the overglaze Enamels that decorate the only known polychrome mukozuke dish (to be used in the tea ceremony) bearing the early Japanese date mark ‘Kan'ei Nen Sei’ (made in the Kan'ei period) (1624–1644). The investigation focused specifically on the overglaze yellow enamel and the underglaze blue pigment, for they could provide valuable information on the production workshop and geographical area of origin. Owing to the extraordinary importance and extreme rarity of this newly-discovered dish, it was mandatory not to sample it. Therefore, Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF) and Raman spectroscopy were used to obtain, in a non-destructive way, both elemental and molecular information about the coloring agent present in the yellow overglaze enamel. The underglaze-blue pigment at the base mark was also investigated. Besides a detailed literature research, a comparison was made with the chemical composition of fully identified and dated polychrome decorated Chinese and Japanese porcelains, and the results are reported in this work. The obtained analytical evidence has proved to be crucial in identifying the first use of Naples Yellow in Japan, and in resolving the issue of the origin of overglaze enameling, providing the missing step that actually led to the first development of the technique in Arita in the 1630s. Furthermore, it has shown that the Raman shift of the Pb mode of the A2O’ lattice is greatly affected by the firing temperature for enamel decoration, and that this specific characteristic of Naples Yellow, along with its elemental composition, can help determine its area of origin and period of manufacture.
Maria Francesca Alberghina - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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European ceramic technology in the Far East: Enamels and pigments in Japanese art from the 16th to the 20th century and their reverse influence on China
Heritage Science, 2020Co-Authors: Riccardo Montanari, Maria Francesca Alberghina, Philippe Colomban, Claudia Pelosi, Nobuyuki Murakami, Salvatore SchiavoneAbstract:The production of Japanese Enamels for porcelain decoration was thought to have originated from the direct and exclusive influence of Chinese potters who moved to Japan during the chaotic Ming to Qing dynastic change in 1644. Recent systematic studies have identified, for the first time, the crucial influence of Jesuit missionaries on pigment and enamel production in Japan from the late 16th-century. In particular, such first encounter laid the foundation for the continued influence exerted by European technology on Japanese art throughout the centuries. The present study has further identified European Enamels used for the decoration of polychrome wares fired in Arita, the porcelain production center of Japan. This continued exchange not only marked the Edo period, but also extended into the twentieth century. For the first time, the lack of written records regarding the use of western pigments for enamel production caused by the persecutions of European and Japanese Christians has been overcome in the work herein presented. The nature of the imported materials has been firmly identified and characterized. The analytical results (EDXRF and Raman) have finally revealed how western technology and materials not only kept influencing Japanese art during the isolation (sakoku) period, but also accompanied the strong westernization process that marked Japa-nese history from the late nineteenth century. Moreover, the significant reverse influence of Japanese-made Enamels on Chinese polychrome porcelain production in the late Qing and twentieth century has been fully identified for the first time. Furthermore, results show that the shift of the Pb mode of lead antimonate (Naples Yellow) is affected by the firing temperature for enamel decoration, and that this characteristic, along with the chemical composition, enables the identification of the origin and manufacture period of the yellow enamel.
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the origin of overglaze blue enameling in japan new discoveries and a reassessment
Journal of Cultural Heritage, 2019Co-Authors: Riccardo Montanari, Maria Francesca Alberghina, Claudia Pelosi, Nobuyuki Murakami, Salvatore SchiavoneAbstract:Abstract The production of overglaze-blue decorated porcelains in Japan has traditionally been associated with Chinese technology, but the puzzling issue of the early firing of a striking overglaze-blue enamel has remained unresolved for almost a century. This work presents the first systematic scientific study of shards excavated at kiln sites in Arita, the center of porcelain production in Japan. The study was carried out in an attempt to resolve the issue of the origin of overglaze-blue enameling on early polychrome Imari wares (Shoki Iro-e) which started around 1640, way before the same technology spread in Jingdezhen in the late Kangxi period (1700). In particular shards excavated at the Yanbeta kiln site, where it has recently been discovered that polychrome overglaze decoration started, and shards from other early kilns were analyzed for the first time. Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) was used to identify the chemical composition of the coloring agents present in the overglaze-blue Enamels in order to determine their geographical area of origin. Experimental results provide groundbreaking information regarding the materials and technologies used in the different kilns, and show how the earliest attempts at firing overglaze-blue Enamels in Arita involved the use of imported cobalt ores. For the first time, it has been scientifically proved that the successful use of an overglaze-blue decoration was a precise effect Japanese potters aimed at achieving by means of selected materials and technologies obtained from Europe, thus resolving the issues that emerged from the traditional approach of a Chinese origin for all technologies. Furthermore, comparisons between scientific analysis of late-16th and early-17th century Japanese paintings in Western style and the results presented in this work revealed that materials used for overglaze-enameling were also used for pigments employed in traditional paintings. Technologies from distant geographical areas proved crucial in pre-modern Japan.
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a polychrome mukozuke 1624 1644 porcelain offers a new hypothesis on the introduction of european enameling technology in japan
Journal of Cultural Heritage, 2018Co-Authors: Riccardo Montanari, Maria Francesca Alberghina, Annalaura Casanova Municchia, Emanuela Massa, Anna Pelagotti, Salvatore Schiavone, Claudia Pelosi, Armida SodoAbstract:Abstract This study was carried out in an attempt to resolve the issue of the introduction of overglaze enameling in Japan through non-destructive analysis of the overglaze Enamels that decorate the only known polychrome mukozuke dish (to be used in the tea ceremony) bearing the early Japanese date mark ‘Kan’ei Nen Sei’ (made in the Kan’ei period) (1624–1644). The investigation focused specifically on the overglaze yellow enamel and the underglaze blue pigment, for they could provide valuable information on the production workshop and geographical area of origin. Owing to the extraordinary importance and extreme rarity of this newly-discovered dish, it was mandatory not to sample it. Therefore, Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF) and Raman spectroscopy were used to obtain, in a non-destructive way, both elemental and molecular information about the coloring agent present in the yellow overglaze enamel. The underglaze-blue pigment at the base mark was also investigated. Besides a detailed literature research, a comparison was made with the chemical composition of fully identified and dated polychrome decorated Chinese and Japanese porcelains, and the results are reported in this work. The obtained analytical evidence has proved to be crucial in identifying the first use of Naples Yellow in Japan, and in resolving the issue of the origin of overglaze enameling, providing the missing step that actually led to the first development of the technique in Arita in the 1630s. Furthermore, it has shown that the Raman shift of the Pb mode of the A2O’ lattice is greatly affected by the firing temperature for enamel decoration, and that this specific characteristic of Naples Yellow, along with its elemental composition, can help determine its area of origin and period of manufacture.
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A polychrome Mukozuke (1624–1644) porcelain offers a new hypothesis on the introduction of European enameling technology in Japan
Journal of Cultural Heritage, 2018Co-Authors: Riccardo Montanari, Maria Francesca Alberghina, Annalaura Casanova Municchia, Emanuela Massa, Anna Pelagotti, Salvatore Schiavone, Claudia Pelosi, Armida SodoAbstract:This study was carried out in an attempt to resolve the issue of the introduction of overglaze enameling in Japan through non-destructive analysis of the overglaze Enamels that decorate the only known polychrome mukozuke dish (to be used in the tea ceremony) bearing the early Japanese date mark ‘Kan'ei Nen Sei’ (made in the Kan'ei period) (1624–1644). The investigation focused specifically on the overglaze yellow enamel and the underglaze blue pigment, for they could provide valuable information on the production workshop and geographical area of origin. Owing to the extraordinary importance and extreme rarity of this newly-discovered dish, it was mandatory not to sample it. Therefore, Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF) and Raman spectroscopy were used to obtain, in a non-destructive way, both elemental and molecular information about the coloring agent present in the yellow overglaze enamel. The underglaze-blue pigment at the base mark was also investigated. Besides a detailed literature research, a comparison was made with the chemical composition of fully identified and dated polychrome decorated Chinese and Japanese porcelains, and the results are reported in this work. The obtained analytical evidence has proved to be crucial in identifying the first use of Naples Yellow in Japan, and in resolving the issue of the origin of overglaze enameling, providing the missing step that actually led to the first development of the technique in Arita in the 1630s. Furthermore, it has shown that the Raman shift of the Pb mode of the A2O’ lattice is greatly affected by the firing temperature for enamel decoration, and that this specific characteristic of Naples Yellow, along with its elemental composition, can help determine its area of origin and period of manufacture.