The Experts below are selected from a list of 234 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Merril Eisenbud - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Monitoring distant fallout: the role of the Atomic Energy Commission Health and Safety Laboratory during the Pacific tests, with special attention to the events following BRAVO.
    Health physics, 1997
    Co-Authors: Merril Eisenbud
    Abstract:

    The fallout from test BRAVO in March 1954 has had scientific, political, and social implications that have continued for more than 40 years. The test resulted in serious injury to the people of the Marshall Islands and 23 men on a nearby Japanese fishing boat. Prior to BRAVO there was insufficient appreciation of the dangers of fallout to people living downwind from surface or near-surface explosions of megaton weapons. In the absence of sufficient preplanning for fallout monitoring beyond the test-sites of earlier smaller yield tests, and as a result of the concern of the photographic film manufacturers, the Atomic Energy Commission Health and Safety Laboratory, now the Department of Energy Environmental Measurements Laboratory, was requested to develop a program of fallout surveillance. Beginning with Operation IVY in 1952, these surveys included aerial monitoring of the islands of the mid and western Pacific, as well as establishment of fallout monitoring stations in the United States and abroad. The first evidence of the post-BRAVO fallout was detected by a Atomic Energy Commission Health and Safety Laboratory instrument installed on the atoll of Rongerik, where 28 military personnel were stationed. The results of radiation surveys conducted immediately after BRAVO, as well as the reports of medical investigations, radioecological studies, and dose reconstruction that have been conducted by many laboratories over the years have been available from the beginning in unclassified form. However, from the time of the fallout, and continuing to the present, there have been many unanswered questions about what happened during the hours immediately after the fallout was reported. No formal investigation of the circumstances of the fallout was ever conducted, and there were serious misrepresentations of the facts in the official statements made at the time.

  • The first years of the Atomic Energy Commission New York Operations Office Health and Safety Laboratory
    Environment International, 1994
    Co-Authors: Merril Eisenbud
    Abstract:

    Abstract The Health and Safety Laboratory (HASL) of the Atomic Energy Commission has provided much of the data on exposure assessment in uranium contractor facilities and on fallout radionuclides in the environment. The research performed in the beryllium industry 1947–1949 led to establishment of the protection standards that exist to this day. This laboratory was formed in 1947, as part of the Medical Division of the New York Operations Office, directed by B.S. Wolf. HASL was directed initially by Merril Eisenbud and subsequently by S. Allen Lough and John Harley. The history of the Laboratory is traced from its beginning, and the projects described that led to HASL's reputation as a trouble-shooting arm of the Atomic Energy Commission.

Z. Al Kattar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Characteristics of The Narrow Spectrum Beams Used in the Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory at the Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission.
    Radiation protection dosimetry, 2016
    Co-Authors: N. Melhem, H. El Balaa, Ghassan Younes, Z. Al Kattar
    Abstract:

    The Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory at the Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission has different calibration methods for various types of dosimeters used in industrial, military and medical fields. The calibration is performed using different beams of X-rays (low and medium Energy) and Gamma radiation delivered by a Cesium 137 source. The Secondary Standard Dosimetry laboratory in charge of calibration services uses different protocols for the determination of high and low air kerma rate and for narrow and wide series. In order to perform this calibration work, it is very important to identify all the beam characteristics for the different types of sources and qualities of radiation. The following work describes the methods used for the determination of different beam characteristics and calibration coefficients with their uncertainties in order to enhance the radiation protection of workers and patient applications in the fields of medical diagnosis and industrial X-ray. All the characteristics of the X-ray beams are determined for the narrow spectrum series in the 40 and 200 keV range where the inherent filtration, the current intensity, the high voltage, the beam profile and the total uncertainty are the specific characteristics of these X-ray beams. An X-ray software was developed in order to visualize the reference values according to the characteristics of each beam.

  • Characteristics of the Therapy spectrum beams used in the Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory at the Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission
    2016 3rd Middle East Conference on Biomedical Engineering (MECBME), 2016
    Co-Authors: N. Melhem, H. El Balaa, Ghassan Younes, Z. Al Kattar
    Abstract:

    The SSDL (Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory) at the LAEC (Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission) has different calibration methods for various types of dosimeters used in industrial, military and medical fields. The calibration is performed using different beams of X- rays (low and medium Energy) and Gamma radiation delivered by a Cesium 137 source. The SSDL laboratory in charge of calibration services uses different protocols for the determination of high and low air kerma rate and for narrow and wide series. In order to perform this calibration, it is very important to identify all the beam characteristics for the different types of sources and qualities of radiation. The following work describes the methods used for the determination of different beam characteristics and calibration coefficients with their uncertainties in order to enhance the radiation protection of workers and patient applications in the fields of medical diagnosis and industrial X-Ray. All the characteristics of the X-Ray beams are determined for the therapy spectrum series where the inherent filtration, the current intensity, the high voltage and the total uncertainty are the specific characteristics of these X-Ray beams. An X-Ray software is developed in order to visualize the reference values according to the characteristics of each beam.

Angela N H Creager - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • nuclear Energy in the service of biomedicine the u s atomic Energy Commission s radioisotope program 1946 1950
    Journal of the History of Biology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Angela N H Creager
    Abstract:

    The widespread adoption of radioisotopes as tools in biomedical research and therapy became one of the major consequences of the "physicists' war" for postwar life science. Scientists in the Manhattan Project, as part of their efforts to advocate for civilian uses of atomic Energy after the war, proposed using infrastructure from the wartime bomb project to develop a government-run radioisotope distribution program. After the Atomic Energy Bill was passed and before the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) was formally established, the Manhattan Project began shipping isotopes from Oak Ridge. Scientists and physicians put these reactor-produced isotopes to many of the same uses that had been pioneered with cyclotron-generated radioisotopes in the 1930s and early 1940s. The majority of early AEC shipments were radioiodine and radiophosphorus, employed to evaluate thyroid function, diagnose medical disorders, and irradiate tumors. Both researchers and politicians lauded radioisotopes publicly for their potential in curing diseases, particularly cancer. However, isotopes proved less successful than anticipated in treating cancer and more successful in medical diagnostics. On the research side, reactor-generated radioisotopes equipped biologists with new tools to trace molecular transformations from metabolic pathways to ecosystems. The U.S. government's production and promotion of isotopes stimulated their consumption by scientists and physicians (both domestic and abroad), such that in the postwar period isotopes became routine elements of laboratory and clinical use. In the early postwar years, radioisotopes signified the government's commitment to harness the atom for peace, particularly through contributions to biology, medicine, and agriculture.

Mohd Zin Kandar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A Field Study of Thermal and Visual Performance of Self-Shading Energy Commission Diamond Building, Putrajaya, Malaysia
    Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Mohd Zin Kandar, Pontip Stephen Nimlyat, M. G. Abdullahi, Yakubu Aminu Dodo
    Abstract:

    Objectives: This study investigates daylighting condition and cooling effects of a self-shading Energy Commission Diamond building in Putrajaya, Malaysia, using field measurements. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The field data were collected using a HD35ED series data logger measuring instrument with a HD35AP base unit. Findings: The results from the field measurement indicate that illuminance in the building resulting from daylighting alone are above 200 Lux. The average daylight factor is 2.7% which is within the acceptable range of indoor illuminance. From the calculations of OTTV, it is clearly shown that there is reductions of heat transfer into the Diamond building due to it incline wall facade that provide self-shading on the building. The average amount of sensible heat Energy within the building is 45.8 KJ/Kg, with the west wing and the south wing indoor office spaces having a difference of about 1.5 KJ/Kg in their enthalpy. On an average, there is a total reduction of 30.6 KJ per unit volume of heat gain into the Diamond building based on the enthalpy change. Considering occupants comfort and wellbeing in the building, the daylighting requirements and heat gain in the building are acceptable. Applications/Improvement: This result is an indication that self-shading in buildings provides efficient daylighting and cooling which in turn reduces the building Energy consumption.

  • Investigating Daylight Quality Using Self-Shading Strategy in Energy Commission Building in Malaysia
    Indoor and Built Environment, 2012
    Co-Authors: Mansour Nikpour, Mohd Zin Kandar, Elahe Mosavi
    Abstract:

    There are a lot of office buildings without strategies for daylight utilization. Different strategies are suggested for better use of daylight. Self-shading strategy has been suggested to eliminate direct solar radiation to minimise Energy use for cooling in offices but, the amount of daylight penetrating into the building can be reduced. In this research, the effectiveness of self-shading strategy on daylight is investigated through experimental method. Daylight parameters are measured in two individual office rooms in Energy Commission Building as a model of self-shading buildings. The objective is to investigate daylight quality in individual office room based on different criteria such as work plane illuminance, relative daylight ratio, surface luminance have been compared with recommended values. Finding of this research demonstrates that by employing self-shading strategy, the amount of daylight that enters the space could reduce but by applying other strategies like light shelves and venetian blinds, with self-shading strategy, acceptable performance in terms of daylight quality can be achieved. These strategies can be employed for future design of office buildings to reduce Energy consumption for lighting as well as to comply with the goal of sustainable architecture. © The Author(s) 2012 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/ journalsPermissions.nav.

  • Heat transfer reduction using self shading strategy in Energy Commission building in Malaysia
    Journal of Applied Sciences, 2012
    Co-Authors: Mansour Nikpour, Mohd Zin Kandar, Mohsen Ghasemi, Mohammad Ghomeshi, M. R. Safizadeh
    Abstract:

    Most office buildings have been constructed without enough strategies for appropriate use of solar Energy, especially in tropical regions. Different forms of buildings and strategies were recommended. Whereas conventional building envelops receive more solar radiation, self-shading strategy was suggested as a form of building to eliminate direct solar radiation; as a result, it causes less Energy for cooling office spaces. Energy Commission diamond building in Malaysia is an actual model of self-shading building. In this study, the objective is to investigate the amount of Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV) reduction in Energy Commission diamond building. To this end, the effectiveness of self-shading strategy on OTTV is investigated through experimental and analytical approaches. Findings of this research demonstrate that the significant reduction occurs in using self-shading strategy. This strategy can be applied for forthcoming design of office buildings to reduce Energy consumption as well as to meet the purpose of sustainable architecture.

S.m. Fahad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • ASSESSMENT OF N-16 ACTIVITY CONCENTRATION IN BANGLADESH ATOMIC Energy Commission TRIGA RESEARCH REACTOR
    Nuclear Engineering and Technology, 2018
    Co-Authors: M. Ajijul Hoq, M.a. Malek Soner, M.a. Salam, Salma Khanom, S.m. Fahad
    Abstract:

    Abstract An assessment for determining N-16 activity concentrations during the operation condition of Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission TRIGA Research Reactor was performed employing several governing equations. The radionuclide N-16 is a high Energy (6.13 MeV) gamma emitter which is predominately created by the fast neutron interaction with O-16 present in the reactor core water. During reactor operation at different power level, the concentration of N-16 at the reactor bay region may increase causing radiation risk to the reactor operating personnel or the general public. Concerning the safety of the research reactor, the present study deals with the estimation of N-16 activity concentrations in the regions of reactor core, reactor tank, and reactor bay at different reactor power levels under natural convection cooling mode. The estimated N-16 activity concentration values with 500 kW reactor power at the reactor core region was 7 . 40 × 10 5 Bq / cm 3 and at the bay region was 3 . 39 × 10 − 5 Bq / cm 3 . At 3 MW reactor power with active forced convection cooling mode, the N-16 activity concentration in the decay tank exit water was also determined, and the value was 4 . 14 × 10 − 1 Bq / cm 3 .