The Experts below are selected from a list of 36375 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Lorenzo Moroni - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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3D fiber deposited polymeric scaffolds for external auditory canal wall
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 2018Co-Authors: Carlos Mota, Mario Milazzo, Daniele Panetta, Luisa Trombi, Vera Gramigna, Piero A. Salvadori, Stefano Giannotti, Luca Bruschini, Cesare Stefanini, Lorenzo MoroniAbstract:The external auditory canal (EAC) is an osseocartilaginous structure extending from the auricle to the eardrum, which can be affected by congenital, inflammatory, and neoplastic diseases, thus reconstructive materials are needed. Current biomaterial-based approaches for the surgical reconstruction of EAC posterior wall still suffer from resorption (biological) and extrusion (synthetic). In this study, 3D fiber deposited scaffolds based on poly(ethylene oxide terephthalate)/poly(butylene terephthalate) were designed and fabricated to replace the EAC wall. Fiber diameter and scaffold porosity were optimized, leading to 200 ± 33 µm and 55% ± 5%, respectively. The mechanical properties were evaluated, resulting in a Young’s modulus of 25.1 ± 7.0 MPa. Finally, the EAC scaffolds were tested in vitro with osteo-differentiated human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) with different seeding methods to produce homogeneously colonized replacements of interest for otologic surgery. This study demonstrated the fabrication feasibility of EAC wall scaffolds aimed to match several important requirements for biomaterial application to the ear under the Tissue Engineering Paradigm, including shape, porosity, surface area, mechanical properties and favorable in vitro interaction with osteoinduced hMSCs. This study demonstrated the fabrication feasibility of outer ear canal wall scaffolds via additive manufacturing. Aimed to match several important requirements for biomaterial application to ear replacements under the Tissue Engineering Paradigm, including shape, porosity and pore size, surface area, mechanical properties and favorable in vitro interaction with osteo-differentiated mesenchymal stromal cells.
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3D fiber deposited polymeric scaffolds for external auditory canal wall
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 2018Co-Authors: Carlos Mota, Mario Milazzo, Daniele Panetta, Luisa Trombi, Vera Gramigna, Piero A. Salvadori, Stefano Giannotti, Luca Bruschini, Cesare Stefanini, Lorenzo MoroniAbstract:The external auditory canal (EAC) is an osseocartilaginous structure extending from the auricle to the eardrum, which can be affected by congenital, inflammatory, and neoplastic diseases, thus reconstructive materials are needed. Current biomaterial-based approaches for the surgical reconstruction of EAC posterior wall still suffer from resorption (biological) and extrusion (synthetic). In this study, 3D fiber deposited scaffolds based on poly(ethylene oxide terephthalate)/poly(butylene terephthalate) were designed and fabricated to replace the EAC wall. Fiber diameter and scaffold porosity were optimized, leading to 200 ± 33 µm and 55% ± 5%, respectively. The mechanical properties were evaluated, resulting in a Young’s modulus of 25.1 ± 7.0 MPa. Finally, the EAC scaffolds were tested in vitro with osteo-differentiated human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) with different seeding methods to produce homogeneously colonized replacements of interest for otologic surgery. This study demonstrated the fabrication feasibility of EAC wall scaffolds aimed to match several important requirements for biomaterial application to the ear under the Tissue Engineering Paradigm, including shape, porosity, surface area, mechanical properties and favorable in vitro interaction with osteoinduced hMSCs. This study demonstrated the fabrication feasibility of outer ear canal wall scaffolds via additive manufacturing. Aimed to match several important requirements for biomaterial application to ear replacements under the Tissue Engineering Paradigm, including shape, porosity and pore size, surface area, mechanical properties and favorable in vitro interaction with osteo-differentiated mesenchymal stromal cells.
Scott A Deloach - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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AOSE - Determining When to Use an Agent-Oriented Software Engineering Paradigm
Agent-Oriented Software Engineering II, 2002Co-Authors: Scott A. O'malley, Scott A DeloachAbstract:With the emergence of agent-oriented software Engineering techniques, software engineers have a new way of conceptualizing complex distributed software requirements. To help determine the most appropriate software Engineering methodology, a set of defining criteria is required. In this paper, we describe out approach to determining these criteria, as well as a technique to assist software engineers with the selection of a software Engineering methodology based on those criteria.
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determining when to use an agent oriented software Engineering Paradigm
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2002Co-Authors: Scott A Omalley, Scott A DeloachAbstract:With the emergence of agent-oriented software Engineering techniques, software engineers have a new way of conceptualizing complex distributed software requirements. To help determine the most appropriate software Engineering methodology, a set of defining criteria is required. In this paper, we describe out approach to determining these criteria, as well as a technique to assist software engineers with the selection of a software Engineering methodology based on those criteria.
Carlos Mota - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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3D fiber deposited polymeric scaffolds for external auditory canal wall
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 2018Co-Authors: Carlos Mota, Mario Milazzo, Daniele Panetta, Luisa Trombi, Vera Gramigna, Piero A. Salvadori, Stefano Giannotti, Luca Bruschini, Cesare Stefanini, Lorenzo MoroniAbstract:The external auditory canal (EAC) is an osseocartilaginous structure extending from the auricle to the eardrum, which can be affected by congenital, inflammatory, and neoplastic diseases, thus reconstructive materials are needed. Current biomaterial-based approaches for the surgical reconstruction of EAC posterior wall still suffer from resorption (biological) and extrusion (synthetic). In this study, 3D fiber deposited scaffolds based on poly(ethylene oxide terephthalate)/poly(butylene terephthalate) were designed and fabricated to replace the EAC wall. Fiber diameter and scaffold porosity were optimized, leading to 200 ± 33 µm and 55% ± 5%, respectively. The mechanical properties were evaluated, resulting in a Young’s modulus of 25.1 ± 7.0 MPa. Finally, the EAC scaffolds were tested in vitro with osteo-differentiated human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) with different seeding methods to produce homogeneously colonized replacements of interest for otologic surgery. This study demonstrated the fabrication feasibility of EAC wall scaffolds aimed to match several important requirements for biomaterial application to the ear under the Tissue Engineering Paradigm, including shape, porosity, surface area, mechanical properties and favorable in vitro interaction with osteoinduced hMSCs. This study demonstrated the fabrication feasibility of outer ear canal wall scaffolds via additive manufacturing. Aimed to match several important requirements for biomaterial application to ear replacements under the Tissue Engineering Paradigm, including shape, porosity and pore size, surface area, mechanical properties and favorable in vitro interaction with osteo-differentiated mesenchymal stromal cells.
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3D fiber deposited polymeric scaffolds for external auditory canal wall
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 2018Co-Authors: Carlos Mota, Mario Milazzo, Daniele Panetta, Luisa Trombi, Vera Gramigna, Piero A. Salvadori, Stefano Giannotti, Luca Bruschini, Cesare Stefanini, Lorenzo MoroniAbstract:The external auditory canal (EAC) is an osseocartilaginous structure extending from the auricle to the eardrum, which can be affected by congenital, inflammatory, and neoplastic diseases, thus reconstructive materials are needed. Current biomaterial-based approaches for the surgical reconstruction of EAC posterior wall still suffer from resorption (biological) and extrusion (synthetic). In this study, 3D fiber deposited scaffolds based on poly(ethylene oxide terephthalate)/poly(butylene terephthalate) were designed and fabricated to replace the EAC wall. Fiber diameter and scaffold porosity were optimized, leading to 200 ± 33 µm and 55% ± 5%, respectively. The mechanical properties were evaluated, resulting in a Young’s modulus of 25.1 ± 7.0 MPa. Finally, the EAC scaffolds were tested in vitro with osteo-differentiated human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) with different seeding methods to produce homogeneously colonized replacements of interest for otologic surgery. This study demonstrated the fabrication feasibility of EAC wall scaffolds aimed to match several important requirements for biomaterial application to the ear under the Tissue Engineering Paradigm, including shape, porosity, surface area, mechanical properties and favorable in vitro interaction with osteoinduced hMSCs. This study demonstrated the fabrication feasibility of outer ear canal wall scaffolds via additive manufacturing. Aimed to match several important requirements for biomaterial application to ear replacements under the Tissue Engineering Paradigm, including shape, porosity and pore size, surface area, mechanical properties and favorable in vitro interaction with osteo-differentiated mesenchymal stromal cells.
Bernard Barraqué - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The development of water services and their interaction with water resources in European and Brazilian cities
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 2008Co-Authors: Bernard Barraqué, R. M. Formiga Johnsson, A. L. Nogueira De Paiva BrittoAbstract:The extension and complexity of large cities creates "urban water" and a related issue: public water services, including public water supply, sewage collection and treatment, and storm water control, had previously become a policy sector separate from water resource allocation issues thanks to water transport and treatment technologies. Large metropolitan areas today cannot take nature for granted any-more, and they need to protect water resources, if only to reduce the long term cost of transporting and treating water. In this paper, we compare the historical development of water services in European and Brazilian metropolitan areas, placing the technological developments in their geographic, socio-economic and political contexts. Our frame is to follow the successive contributions of civil Engineering, sanitary Engineering, and environmental Engineering: the "quantity of water" and civil Engineering Paradigm allowed to mobilise water in and out of the city, and up the hills or the floors; in the "water quality" and chemical/sanitary Engineering Paradigm, water treatment gave more freedom to cities to take water from rivers closer to them, but also to reduce sewer discharge impacts; lastly, the environmental Engineering Paradigm proposes to overcome the supply side perspective, by introducing demand side management, water conservation, water allocation flexibilisation, and an integrated approach to water services, water resources management, and land use policies.
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Sustainable water services and interaction with water resources in Europe and in Brazil
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, 2007Co-Authors: Bernard Barraqué, R. M. Formiga Johnsson, A. L. BrittoAbstract:The increasing interaction between large cities and nature makes "urban water" an issue: water resources and water services - including public water supply, sewage collection and treatment, and in large cities, storm water control -, which had become separate issues thanks to the process of water transport and treatment technologies, are now increasingly interfering with each other. We cannot take nature for granted anymore, and we need to protect water resources, if only to reduce the long term cost of transporting and treating water. In this paper, we compare the historical development of water industry technologies in European and Brazilian metropolitan areas, in their socio-economic and political context, tracing it through three "ages" of water technology and services which developed under civil Engineering, sanitary Engineering, and environmental Engineering perspectives: the "quantity of water" and civil Engineering Paradigm was developed on the assumption that water should be drawn from natural environments far from the cities; in the "water quality" and chemical/sanitation Engineering Paradigm, water treatment was invented and allowed cities to take water from rivers closer to them and treat it, but also to reduce sewer discharge impacts; finally, the environmental Engineering Paradigm proposes to overcome the supply side perspective, by introducing demand side management, water conservation, water allocation flexibilisation, and an integrated approach to water services, water resources management, and land use policies.
Mieke Boon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Epistemology for interdisciplinary research – shifting philosophical Paradigms of science
European Journal for Philosophy of Science, 2018Co-Authors: Mieke Boon, Sophie BaalenAbstract:In science policy, it is generally acknowledged that science-based problem-solving requires interdisciplinary research. For example, policy makers invest in funding programs such as Horizon 2020 that aim to stimulate interdisciplinary research. Yet the epistemological processes that lead to effective interdisciplinary research are poorly understood. This article aims at an epistemology for interdisciplinary research (IDR), in particular, IDR for solving ‘real-world’ problems. Focus is on the question why researchers experience cognitive and epistemic difficulties in conducting IDR. Based on a study of educational literature it is concluded that higher-education is missing clear ideas on the epistemology of IDR, and as a consequence, on how to teach it. It is conjectured that the lack of philosophical interest in the epistemology of IDR is due to a philosophical Paradigm of science (called a physics Paradigm of science), which prevents recognizing severe epistemological challenges of IDR, both in the philosophy of science as well as in science education and research. The proposed alternative philosophical Paradigm (called an Engineering Paradigm of science) entails alternative philosophical presuppositions regarding aspects such as the aim of science, the character of knowledge, the epistemic and pragmatic criteria for accepting knowledge, and the role of technological instruments. This alternative philosophical Paradigm assume the production of knowledge for epistemic functions as the aim of science, and interprets ‘knowledge’ (such as theories, models, laws, and concepts) as epistemic tools that must allow for conducting epistemic tasks by epistemic agents, rather than interpreting knowledge as representations that objectively represent aspects of the world independent of the way in which it was constructed. The Engineering Paradigm of science involves that knowledge is indelibly shaped by how it is constructed. Additionally, the way in which scientific disciplines (or fields) construct knowledge is guided by the specificities of the discipline, which can be analyzed in terms of disciplinary perspectives. This implies that knowledge and the epistemic uses of knowledge cannot be understood without at least some understanding of how the knowledge is constructed. Accordingly, scientific researchers need so-called metacognitive scaffolds to assist in analyzing and reconstructing how ‘knowledge’ is constructed and how different disciplines do this differently. In an Engineering Paradigm of science, these metacognitive scaffolds can also be interpreted as epistemic tools, but in this case as tools that guide, enable and constrain analyzing and articulating how knowledge is produced (i.e., explaining epistemological aspects of doing research). In interdisciplinary research, metacognitive scaffolds assist interdisciplinary communication aiming to analyze and articulate how the discipline constructs knowledge.
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An Engineering Paradigm in the biomedical sciences: Knowledge as epistemic tool.
Progress in biophysics and molecular biology, 2017Co-Authors: Mieke BoonAbstract:In order to deal with the complexity of biological systems and attempts to generate applicable results, current biomedical sciences are adopting concepts and methods from the Engineering sciences. Philosophers of science have interpreted this as the emergence of an Engineering Paradigm, in particular in systems biology and synthetic biology. This article aims at the articulation of the supposed Engineering Paradigm by contrast with the physics Paradigm that supported the rise of biochemistry and molecular biology. This articulation starts from Kuhn's notion of a disciplinary matrix, which indicates what constitutes a Paradigm. It is argued that the core of the physics Paradigm is its metaphysical and ontological presuppositions, whereas the core of the Engineering Paradigm is the epistemic aim of producing useful knowledge for solving problems external to the scientific practice. Therefore, the two Paradigms involve distinct notions of knowledge. Whereas the physics Paradigm entails a representational notion of knowledge, the Engineering Paradigm involves the notion of ‘knowledge as epistemic tool’.