The Experts below are selected from a list of 327 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Chang-jin Park - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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CRISPR/Cas9-targeted mutagenesis of Os8N3 in rice to confer Resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
Rice, 2019Co-Authors: Young Ah Kim, Hyeran Moon, Chang-jin ParkAbstract:BackgroundGenome editing tools are important for functional genomics research and biotechnology applications. Recently, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein-9 (Cas9) system for gene knockout has emerged as the most effective genome-editing tool. It has previously been reported that, in rice plants, knockdown of the Os8N3 gene resulted in Enhanced Resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae ( Xoo ), while displaying abnormal pollen development.ResultsThe CRISPR/Cas9 system was employed to knockout rice Os8N3 , in order to confer Enhanced Resistance to Xoo . Analysis of the genotypes and edited Os8N3 in T_0, T_1, T_2, and T_3 transgenic rice plants showed that the mutations were transmitted to subsequent generations, and homozygous mutants displayed significantly Enhanced Resistance to Xoo . Stable transmission of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Os8N3 gene editing without the transferred DNA (T-DNA) was confirmed by segregation in the T_1 generation. With respect to many investigated agronomic traits including pollen development, there was no significant difference between homozygous mutants and non-transgenic control plants under greenhouse growth conditions.ConclusionData from this study indicate that the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Os8N3 edition can be successfully employed for non-transgenic crop improvements.
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crispr cas9 targeted mutagenesis of os8n3 in rice to confer Resistance to xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae
Rice, 2019Co-Authors: Young Ah Kim, Hyeran Moon, Chang-jin ParkAbstract:Genome editing tools are important for functional genomics research and biotechnology applications. Recently, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein-9 (Cas9) system for gene knockout has emerged as the most effective genome-editing tool. It has previously been reported that, in rice plants, knockdown of the Os8N3 gene resulted in Enhanced Resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), while displaying abnormal pollen development. The CRISPR/Cas9 system was employed to knockout rice Os8N3, in order to confer Enhanced Resistance to Xoo. Analysis of the genotypes and edited Os8N3 in T0, T1, T2, and T3 transgenic rice plants showed that the mutations were transmitted to subsequent generations, and homozygous mutants displayed significantly Enhanced Resistance to Xoo. Stable transmission of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Os8N3 gene editing without the transferred DNA (T-DNA) was confirmed by segregation in the T1 generation. With respect to many investigated agronomic traits including pollen development, there was no significant difference between homozygous mutants and non-transgenic control plants under greenhouse growth conditions. Data from this study indicate that the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Os8N3 edition can be successfully employed for non-transgenic crop improvements.
David C Baulcombe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Enhanced Resistance to bacterial and oomycete pathogens by short tandem target mimic rnas in tomato
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2019Co-Authors: Alex Cantopastor, Bruno Amc Santos, Adrian Valli, William Summers, Sebastian Schornack, David C BaulcombeAbstract:Nucleotide binding site leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins of the plant innate immune system are negatively regulated by the miR482/2118 family miRNAs that are in a distinct 22-nt class of miRNAs with a double mode of action. First, they cleave the target RNA, as with the canonical 21-nt miRNAs, and second, they trigger secondary siRNA production using the target RNA as a template. Here, we address the extent to which the miR482/2118 family affects expression of NLR mRNAs and disease Resistance. We show that structural differences of miR482/2118 family members in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) are functionally significant. The predicted target of the miR482 subfamily is a conserved motif in multiple NLR mRNAs, whereas for miR2118b, it is a noncoding RNA target formed by rearrangement of several different NLR genes. From RNA sequencing and degradome data in lines expressing short tandem target mimic (STTM) RNAs of miR482/2118, we confirm the different targets of these miRNAs. The effect on NLR mRNA accumulation is slight, but nevertheless, the tomato STTM lines display Enhanced Resistance to infection with the oomycete and bacterial pathogens. These data implicate an RNA cascade of miRNAs and secondary siRNAs in the regulation of NLR RNAs and show that the encoded NLR proteins have a role in quantitative disease Resistance in addition to dominant gene Resistance that has been well characterized elsewhere. We also illustrate the use of STTM RNA in a biotechnological approach for enhancing quantitative disease Resistance in highly bred cultivars.
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Enhanced Resistance to bacterial and oomycete pathogens by short tandem target mimic rnas in tomato
bioRxiv, 2018Co-Authors: Alex Cantopastor, Bruno Amc Santos, Adrian Valli, William Summers, Sebastian Schornack, David C BaulcombeAbstract:Nucleotide binding site leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins of the plant innate immune system are negatively regulated by the miR482/2118 family microRNAs (miRNAs) that are in a distinct 22nt class of miRNAs with a double mode of action. First they cleave the target RNA, as with the canonical 21nt miRNAs, and second they trigger secondary siRNA production using the target RNA as a template. Here we address the extent to which the miR482/2118 family affects expression of NLR mRNAs and disease Resistance. First we show that structural differences of miR482/2118 family members in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) are functionally significant. The predicted target of the miR482 subfamily is conserved motif in multiple NLR mRNAs whereas, for miR2118b, it is a novel non-coding RNA target formed by rearrangement of several different NLR genes. From RNA sequencing and degradome data in lines expressing short tandem target mimic (STTM) RNAs of miR482/2118 we confirm the different targets of these miRNAs. The effect on NLR mRNA accumulation is slight but, nevertheless, the tomato STTM lines display Enhanced Resistance to infection with the oomycete and bacterial pathogens. These data implicate an RNA cascade of miRNAs and secondary siRNAs in the regulation of NLR RNAs and show that the encoded NLR proteins have a role in quantitative disease Resistance in addition to dominant gene Resistance that has been well characterized elsewhere. We also illustrate the use of STTM RNA in a biotechnological approach for enhancing quantitative disease Resistance in highly bred cultivars.
Chiuping Cheng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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transgenic tomato plants expressing an arabidopsis thionin thi2 1 driven by fruit inactive promoter battle against phytopathogenic attack
Planta, 2005Co-Authors: Yuanli Chan, Venkatesh Prasad, Kuei Hung Chen, Mingtsair Chan, Chiuping ChengAbstract:Tomato is one of the most important crop plants; however, attacks by pathogens can cause serious losses in production. In this report, we explore the potential of using the Arabidopsis thionin (Thi2.1) gene to genetically engineer Enhanced Resistance to multiple diseases in tomato. Potential thionin toxicity in fruits was negated by the use of a fruit-inactive promoter to drive the Thi2.1 gene. In transgenic lines containing RB7/Thi2.1, constitutive Thi2.1 expression was detected in roots and incidentally in leaves, but not in fruits. Disease assays revealed that the transgenic lines that were tested conferred significant levels of Enhanced Resistance to bacterial wilt (BW) and Fusarium wilt (FW). Further studies indicated that BW disease progression in transgenic lines was delayed by a systemic suppression of bacterial multiplication. By adopting a safe genetic engineering strategy, the present investigation is another step forward demonstrating thionin practicality in crop protection.
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Transgenic tomato plants expressing the Arabidopsis NPR1 gene display Enhanced Resistance to a spectrum of fungal and bacterial diseases
Transgenic research, 2004Co-Authors: Wan-chi Lin, Ming-lung Cheng, Yu-mei Lin, Ning-sun Yang, Lowell Black, S. K. Green, Jaw-fen Wang, Chiuping ChengAbstract:Development of effective disease-Resistance to a broad-range of pathogens in crops usually requires tremendous resources and effort when traditional breeding approaches are taken. Genetic engineering of disease-Resistance in crops has become popular and valuable in terms of cost and efficacy. Due to long-lasting and broad-spectrum of effectiveness against pathogens, employment of systemic acquired Resistance (SAR) for the genetic engineering of crop disease-Resistance is of particular interest. In this report, we explored the potential of using SAR-related genes for the genetic engineering of Enhanced Resistance to multiple diseases in tomato. The Arabidopsis NPR1 (nonexpresser of PR genes) gene was introduced into a tomato cultivar, which possesses heat-tolerance and Resistance to tomato mosaic virus (ToMV). The transgenic lines expressing NPR1 were normal as regards overall morphology and horticultural traits for at least four generations. Disease screens against eight important tropical diseases revealed that, in addition to the innate ToMV-Resistance, the tested transgenic lines conferred significant level of Enhanced Resistance to bacterial wilt (BW) and Fusarium wilt (FW), and moderate degree of Enhanced Resistance to gray leaf spot (GLS) and bacterial spot (BS). Transgenic lines that accumulated higher levels of NPR1 proteins exhibited higher levels and a broader spectrum of Enhanced Resistance to the diseases, and Enhanced disease-Resistance was stably inherited. The spectrum and degree of these NPR1-transgenic lines are more significant compared to that of transgenic tomatoes reported to date. These transgenic lines may be further explored as future tomato stocks, aiming at building up Resistance to a broader spectrum of diseases.
Mingtsair Chan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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transgenic tomato plants expressing an arabidopsis thionin thi2 1 driven by fruit inactive promoter battle against phytopathogenic attack
Planta, 2005Co-Authors: Yuanli Chan, Venkatesh Prasad, Kuei Hung Chen, Mingtsair Chan, Chiuping ChengAbstract:Tomato is one of the most important crop plants; however, attacks by pathogens can cause serious losses in production. In this report, we explore the potential of using the Arabidopsis thionin (Thi2.1) gene to genetically engineer Enhanced Resistance to multiple diseases in tomato. Potential thionin toxicity in fruits was negated by the use of a fruit-inactive promoter to drive the Thi2.1 gene. In transgenic lines containing RB7/Thi2.1, constitutive Thi2.1 expression was detected in roots and incidentally in leaves, but not in fruits. Disease assays revealed that the transgenic lines that were tested conferred significant levels of Enhanced Resistance to bacterial wilt (BW) and Fusarium wilt (FW). Further studies indicated that BW disease progression in transgenic lines was delayed by a systemic suppression of bacterial multiplication. By adopting a safe genetic engineering strategy, the present investigation is another step forward demonstrating thionin practicality in crop protection.
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tomato plants ectopically expressing arabidopsis cbf1 show Enhanced Resistance to water deficit stress
Plant Physiology, 2002Co-Authors: Tsaihung Hsieh, Yeeyung Charng, Mingtsair ChanAbstract:A DNA cassette containing an Arabidopsis C repeat/dehydration-responsive element binding factor 1 (CBF1) cDNA and a nos terminator, driven by a cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter, was transformed into the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) genome. These transgenic tomato plants were more resistant to water deficit stress than the wild-type plants. The transgenic plants exhibited growth retardation by showing dwarf phenotype, and the fruit and seed numbers and fresh weight of the transgenic tomato plants were apparently less than those of the wild-type plants. Exogenous gibberellic acid treatment reversed the growth retardation and Enhanced growth of transgenic tomato plants, but did not affect the level of water deficit Resistance. The stomata of the transgenic CBF1 tomato plants closed more rapidly than the wild type after water deficit treatment with or without gibberellic acid pretreatment. The transgenic tomato plants contained higher levels of Pro than those of the wild-type plants under normal or water deficit conditions. Subtractive hybridization was used to isolate the responsive genes to heterologous CBF1 in transgenic tomato plants and the CAT1 (CATALASE1) was characterized. Catalase activity increased, and hydrogen peroxide concentration decreased in transgenic tomato plants compared with the wild-type plants with or without water deficit stress. These results indicated that the heterologous Arabidopsis CBF1 can confer water deficit Resistance in transgenic tomato plants.
Young Ah Kim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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CRISPR/Cas9-targeted mutagenesis of Os8N3 in rice to confer Resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
Rice, 2019Co-Authors: Young Ah Kim, Hyeran Moon, Chang-jin ParkAbstract:BackgroundGenome editing tools are important for functional genomics research and biotechnology applications. Recently, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein-9 (Cas9) system for gene knockout has emerged as the most effective genome-editing tool. It has previously been reported that, in rice plants, knockdown of the Os8N3 gene resulted in Enhanced Resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae ( Xoo ), while displaying abnormal pollen development.ResultsThe CRISPR/Cas9 system was employed to knockout rice Os8N3 , in order to confer Enhanced Resistance to Xoo . Analysis of the genotypes and edited Os8N3 in T_0, T_1, T_2, and T_3 transgenic rice plants showed that the mutations were transmitted to subsequent generations, and homozygous mutants displayed significantly Enhanced Resistance to Xoo . Stable transmission of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Os8N3 gene editing without the transferred DNA (T-DNA) was confirmed by segregation in the T_1 generation. With respect to many investigated agronomic traits including pollen development, there was no significant difference between homozygous mutants and non-transgenic control plants under greenhouse growth conditions.ConclusionData from this study indicate that the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Os8N3 edition can be successfully employed for non-transgenic crop improvements.
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crispr cas9 targeted mutagenesis of os8n3 in rice to confer Resistance to xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae
Rice, 2019Co-Authors: Young Ah Kim, Hyeran Moon, Chang-jin ParkAbstract:Genome editing tools are important for functional genomics research and biotechnology applications. Recently, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein-9 (Cas9) system for gene knockout has emerged as the most effective genome-editing tool. It has previously been reported that, in rice plants, knockdown of the Os8N3 gene resulted in Enhanced Resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), while displaying abnormal pollen development. The CRISPR/Cas9 system was employed to knockout rice Os8N3, in order to confer Enhanced Resistance to Xoo. Analysis of the genotypes and edited Os8N3 in T0, T1, T2, and T3 transgenic rice plants showed that the mutations were transmitted to subsequent generations, and homozygous mutants displayed significantly Enhanced Resistance to Xoo. Stable transmission of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Os8N3 gene editing without the transferred DNA (T-DNA) was confirmed by segregation in the T1 generation. With respect to many investigated agronomic traits including pollen development, there was no significant difference between homozygous mutants and non-transgenic control plants under greenhouse growth conditions. Data from this study indicate that the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Os8N3 edition can be successfully employed for non-transgenic crop improvements.