The Experts below are selected from a list of 105090 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ludek Zurek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Significance and Survival of Enterococci During the House Fly Development
Journal of Medical Entomology, 2014Co-Authors: Anuradha Ghosh, Chris J. Holderman, Mastura Akhtar, Ludek ZurekAbstract:ABSTRACT House flies are among the most important nonbiting insect pests of medical and veterinary importance. Larvae develop in decaying organic substrates and their survival strictly depends on an active microbial community. House flies have been implicated in the ecology and transmission of enterococci, including multi-antibiotic-resistant and virulent strains of Enterococcus faecalis. In this study, eight American Type Culture Collection type strains of enterococci including Enterococcus avium, Enterococcus casseliflavus, Enterococcus durans, Enterococcus hirae, Enterococcus mundtii, Enterococcus gallinarum, Enterococcus faecalis, and Enterococcus faecium were evaluated for their significance in the development of house flies from eggs to adults in bacterial feeding assays. Furthermore, the bacterial colonization of the gut of teneral flies as well as the importance of several virulence traits of E. faecalis in larval mortality was assessed. Overall survival of house flies (egg to adult) was significa...
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Stored‐product insects carry antibiotic‐resistant and potentially virulent enterococci
FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 2010Co-Authors: Lakshmikantha H. Channaiah, Leland J Mckinney, Bhadriraju Subramanyam, Ludek ZurekAbstract:A total of 154 enterococcal isolates from 95 stored-product insects collected from a feed mill, a grain storage silo, and a retail store were isolated and identified to the species level using PCR. Enterococcus casseliflavus represented 51% of the total isolates, followed by Enterococcus gallinarum (24%), Enterococcus faecium (14%), Enterococcus faecalis (7%), and Enterococcus hirae (5%). Many isolates were resistant to tetracycline (48%), followed by streptomycin (21%), erythromycin (14%), kanamycin (13%), ciprofloxacin (12%), ampicillin (4%), and chloramphenicol (
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Diversity and antibiotic resistance of enterococci associated with stored-product insects collected from feed mills
Journal of Stored Products Research, 2008Co-Authors: Zeb Larson, Bhadriraju Subramanyam, Ludek Zurek, Timothy J. HerrmanAbstract:Abstract Diversity and antibiotic resistance of enterococci associated with stored-product insects were assessed by screening 298 live adults from nine insect species collected from six feed mills in the midwestern United States. The eight antibiotics tested were tetracycline, ampicillin, erythromycin, vancomycin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, and neomycin. Enterococci were isolated from seven out of nine insect species collected. A majority of enterococci and aerococci were isolated from the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Approximately 18% of the insects tested positive for bacteria on mEnterococcus agar, and the mean colony forming units ranged from 2×101 to 1.3×105 per insect. Bacteria isolated on mEnterococcus agar included Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, and Aerococcus viridans 3. Isolates of E. faecium displayed complete or intermediate resistance, most frequently to neomycin, tetracycline, and erythromycin. In addition, many E. faecium isolates exhibited intermediate resistance to vancomycin. The majority of A. viridans 3 isolates were susceptible to all antibiotics, while isolates of E. gallinarum displayed resistance to neomycin. Enterococci and aerococci are nosocomial human pathogens and are implicated in secondary infections, mainly in immuno-compromised individuals. Additionally, enterococci are considered an important reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes that can be horizontally transferred to other bacteria, including serious human pathogens. Our data reinforce the need for pest management to reduce the availability of vectors (insects) for dissemination of microorganisms carrying antibiotic resistance genes in the feed mill environment.
Milena Brasca - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Enterococcus lactis sp nov from italian raw milk cheeses
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2012Co-Authors: Stefano Morandi, P Cremonesi, Milena Povolo, Milena BrascaAbstract:Ten atypical Enterococcus strains were isolated from Italian raw milk cheeses. The 16S rRNA gene, phenylalanyl-tRNA synthase alpha subunit (pheS), RNA polymerase alpha subunit (rpoA) and the 16S–23S rRNA intergenic transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) PCR and the phenotypic properties revealed that the isolates represent a novel enterococcal species. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolates were closely related to Enterococcus hirae ATCC 8043T, Enterococcus durans CECT 411T and Enterococcus faecium ATCC 19434T, with 98.8, 98.9 and 99.4 % sequence similarity, respectively. On the basis of sequence analysis of the housekeeping gene pheS, the reference strain, BT159T, occupied a position separate from E. faecium LMG 16198. The group of isolates could be easily differentiated from recognized species of the genus Enterococcus by 16S–23S rRNA ITS analysis, RAPD-PCR and phenotypic characteristics. The name Enterococcus lactis sp. nov. is proposed, with BT159T ( = DSM 23655T = LMG 25958T) as the type strain.
Joseph S Solomkin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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definition of the role of Enterococcus in intraabdominal infection analysis of a prospective randomized trial
Surgery, 1995Co-Authors: Robert J Burnett, Daniel Haverstock, Patchen E Dellinger, Harald Reinhart, John M A Bohnen, Ori D Rotstein, Stephen B Vogel, Joseph S SolomkinAbstract:Background. The role of Enterococcus in intraabdominal infection is controversial. This study examines the contribution of Enterococcus to adverse outcome in a large intraabdominal infection trial. Methods. A randomized prospective double-blind trial was performed to compare two different antimicrobial regimens in combination with surgical or percutaneous drainage in the treatment of complicated intraabdominal infections. A total of 330 valid patients was enrolled from 22 centers in North America. Results. In 330 valid patients, 71 had Enterococcus isolated from the initial drainage of an intraabdominal focus of infection. This finding was associated with a significantly higher treatment failure rate than that of patients without Enterococcus (28% versus 14%, p Conclusions. This study is the first to report Enterococcus as a predictor of treatment failure in complicated intraabdominal infections. This trial also identifies several significant risk factors for the presence of Enterococcus in such infections.
C Mcgee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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species distribution and antimicrobial resistance of enterococci isolated from surface and ocean water
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2008Co-Authors: D F Moore, J A Guzman, C McgeeAbstract:Aims: The species identification and antimicrobial resistance profiles were determined for enterococci isolated from Southern California surface and ocean waters. Methods and Results: Species identification was determined for 1413 presumptive Enterococcus isolates from urban runoff, bay, ocean and sewage water samples. The most frequently isolated species were Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus hirae, Enterococcus casseliflavus and Enterococcus mundtii. All five of these species were isolated from ocean and bay water with a frequency ranging from 7% to 36%. Enterococcus casseliflavus was the most frequently isolated species in urban runoff making up 36‐65% of isolates while E. faecium was the most frequently isolated species in sewage making up 53‐78% of isolates. The similar distribution of species in urban runoff and receiving water suggests that urban runoff may be the source of Enterococcus. No vancomycin or high level gentamycin resistance was detected in E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates. Conclusions: Enterococcus faecalis, E. faecium, E. casseliflavus and E. mundtii are the most commonly isolated Enterococcus species from urban runoff and receiving waters in Southern California. Significance and Impact of the Study: Determination of the Enterococcus species isolated from receiving waters and potential pollution sources may assist in determining the sources of pollution.
Stefano Morandi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Enterococcus lactis sp nov from italian raw milk cheeses
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2012Co-Authors: Stefano Morandi, P Cremonesi, Milena Povolo, Milena BrascaAbstract:Ten atypical Enterococcus strains were isolated from Italian raw milk cheeses. The 16S rRNA gene, phenylalanyl-tRNA synthase alpha subunit (pheS), RNA polymerase alpha subunit (rpoA) and the 16S–23S rRNA intergenic transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) PCR and the phenotypic properties revealed that the isolates represent a novel enterococcal species. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolates were closely related to Enterococcus hirae ATCC 8043T, Enterococcus durans CECT 411T and Enterococcus faecium ATCC 19434T, with 98.8, 98.9 and 99.4 % sequence similarity, respectively. On the basis of sequence analysis of the housekeeping gene pheS, the reference strain, BT159T, occupied a position separate from E. faecium LMG 16198. The group of isolates could be easily differentiated from recognized species of the genus Enterococcus by 16S–23S rRNA ITS analysis, RAPD-PCR and phenotypic characteristics. The name Enterococcus lactis sp. nov. is proposed, with BT159T ( = DSM 23655T = LMG 25958T) as the type strain.