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J P Egonyu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an atoxigenic l strain of aspergillus flavus eurotiales trichocomaceae is pathogenic to the coffee twig borer xylosandrus compactus coleoptera curculionidea scolytinae
Environmental Microbiology Reports, 2019Co-Authors: Yosia Mukasa, S Kyamanywa, Julius Pyton Sserumaga, Michael Otim, Venansio Tumuhaise, M Erbaugh, J P EgonyuAbstract:This study isolated and evaluated virulence of fungal Entomopathogens of Xylosandrus compactus – an important pest of Robusta coffee in Sub‐Saharan Africa. A survey was conducted in five farming systems in Uganda to isolate Entomopathogens associated with X. compactus. Four fungal isolates were screened for virulence against X. compactus in the laboratory at 1 × 10⁷ conidia ml⁻¹ where an atoxigenic L‐strain of A. flavus killed 70%–100% of all stages of X. compactus compared with other unidentified isolates which caused 20%–70% mortalities. The time taken by A. flavus to kill 50% of X. compactus eggs, larvae, pupae and adults in the laboratory was 2–3 days; whereas the other unidentified fungal isolates took 4–7 days. The concentrations of A. flavus that killed 50% of different stages of X. compactus were 5 × 10⁵, 12 × 10⁵, 17 × 10⁵ and 30 × 10⁵ conidia ml⁻¹ for larvae, eggs, pupae and adults respectively. A formulation of A. flavus in oil caused higher mortalities of X. compactus larvae, pupae and adults in the field (71%–79%) than its formulation in water (33%–47%). The atoxigenic strain of A. flavus could therefore be developed into a safe biopesticide against X. compactus.
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An atoxigenic L‐strain of Aspergillus flavus (Eurotiales: Trichocomaceae) is pathogenic to the coffee twig borer, Xylosandrus compactus (Coleoptera: Curculionidea: Scolytinae)
Environmental Microbiology Reports, 2018Co-Authors: Yosia Mukasa, S Kyamanywa, Julius Pyton Sserumaga, Michael Otim, Venansio Tumuhaise, M Erbaugh, J P EgonyuAbstract:This study isolated and evaluated virulence of fungal Entomopathogens of Xylosandrus compactus – an important pest of Robusta coffee in Sub‐Saharan Africa. A survey was conducted in five farming systems in Uganda to isolate Entomopathogens associated with X. compactus. Four fungal isolates were screened for virulence against X. compactus in the laboratory at 1 × 10⁷ conidia ml⁻¹ where an atoxigenic L‐strain of A. flavus killed 70%–100% of all stages of X. compactus compared with other unidentified isolates which caused 20%–70% mortalities. The time taken by A. flavus to kill 50% of X. compactus eggs, larvae, pupae and adults in the laboratory was 2–3 days; whereas the other unidentified fungal isolates took 4–7 days. The concentrations of A. flavus that killed 50% of different stages of X. compactus were 5 × 10⁵, 12 × 10⁵, 17 × 10⁵ and 30 × 10⁵ conidia ml⁻¹ for larvae, eggs, pupae and adults respectively. A formulation of A. flavus in oil caused higher mortalities of X. compactus larvae, pupae and adults in the field (71%–79%) than its formulation in water (33%–47%). The atoxigenic strain of A. flavus could therefore be developed into a safe biopesticide against X. compactus.
Aaron J. Gassmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of Entomopathogens on mortality of western corn rootworm coleoptera chrysomelidae and fitness costs of resistance to cry3bb1 maize
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2014Co-Authors: Amanda M Hoffmann, Stefan T. Jaronski, Wade B French, Aaron J. GassmannAbstract:Fitness costs can delay pest resistance to crops that produce insecticidal toxins derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), and past research has found that Entomopathogens impose fitness costs of Bt resistance. In addition, Entomopathogens can be used for integrated pest management by providing biological control of pests. The western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is a major pest of maize and is currently managed by planting of Bt maize. We tested whether entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi increased mortality of western corn rootworm and whether these Entomopathogens increased fitness costs of resistance to Cry3Bb1 maize. We exposed western corn rootworm larvae to two species of nematodes, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) and Steinernema feltiae Filipjev (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), and to two species of fungi, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) (strain GHA) and Metarhizium brunneum (Metschnikoff) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) (strain F52) in two assay types, namely, seedling mat and small cup. Larval mortality increased with the concentration of H. bacteriophora and S. feltiae in the small cup assay, and with the exception of S. feltiae and B. bassiana in the seedling mat assay, mortality from Entomopathogens was significantly greater than zero for the remaining Entomopathogens in both assays. However, no fitness costs were observed in either assay type for any entomopathogen. Increased mortality of western corn rootworm larvae caused by these Entomopathogens supports their potential use in biological control; however, the lack of fitness costs suggests that Entomopathogens will not delay the evolution of Bt resistance in western corn rootworm.
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Interactions Among Bt Maize, Entomopathogens, and Rootworm Species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in the Field: Effects on Survival, Yield and Root Injury
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2013Co-Authors: Jennifer L. Petzold-maxwell, Eric H. Clifton, Mike W. Dunbar, Stefan T. Jaronski, Mark A. Jackson, Aaron J. GassmannAbstract:ABSTRACT A 2 yr field study was conducted to determine how a blend of Entomopathogens interacted with Bt maize to affect mortality of Diabrotica spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), root injury to maize (Zea maize L.) and yield. The blend of Entomopathogens included two entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, and one entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium brunneum (Metschnikoff) Sorokin. Bt maize (event DAS59122–7, which produces Bt toxin Cry34/35Ab1) decreased root injury and survival of western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) and northern corn rootworm (Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence) but did not affect yield. During year 1 of the study, when rootworm abundance was high, Entomopathogens in combination with Bt maize led to a significant reduction in root injury. In year 2 of the study, when rootworm abundance was lower, Entomopathogens significantly decreased injury to non-Bt maize roots, but had no effect on Bt maize roo...
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tritrophic interactions among bt maize an insect pest and Entomopathogens effects on development and survival of western corn rootworm
Annals of Applied Biology, 2012Co-Authors: Jennifer L Petzoldmaxwell, Stefan T. Jaronski, Aaron J. GassmannAbstract:Agricultural systems often provide a model for testing ecological hypotheses, while ecological theory can enable more effective pest management. One of the best examples of this is the interaction between host-plant resistance and natural enemies. With the advent of crops that are genetically modified to produce insecticidal toxins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), a new form of host-plant resistance has been introduced to agroecosystems. How Bt crops interact with natural enemies, especially insect pathogens in below-ground systems, is not well understood, but provides a unique opportunity to study below-ground tritrophic interactions. In this study, we used two species of entomopathogenic fungi and three species of entomopathogenic nematodes to determine how this community of soil-borne natural enemies might interact with Bt maize (event 59122, expressing the insecticidal protein Cry34/35Ab1) to affect survival and development of western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera), which is an obligate root feeder and a serious pest of maize. We ran two experiments, one in a greenhouse and one in a growth chamber. Both experiments consisted of a fully crossed design with two maize treatments (Bt maize and non-Bt maize) and two entomopathogen treatments (present or absent). The community of Entomopathogens significantly increased mortality of western corn rootworm, and Bt maize increased larval developmental time and mortality. Entomopathogens and Bt maize acted in an independent and additive manner, with both factors increasing the mortality of western corn rootworm. Results from this study suggest that Entomopathogens may complement host-plant resistance from Bt crops.
Lara R Jaber - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fungal Entomopathogens as endophytes reduce several species of fusarium causing crown and root rot in sweet pepper capsicum annuum l
Biological Control, 2018Co-Authors: Lara R Jaber, Kholoud M AlananbehAbstract:Abstract Fusarium Crown and Root Rot (FCRR) is one of the most widespread and economically important diseases caused by a complex of Fusarium spp. infecting a wide crop range worldwide. Although there are many studies on the efficacy of bacterial and fungal biocontrol agents against FCRR, there have been no attempts to investigate the efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi as endophytes for FCRR biocontrol. At the same time, the antagonistic activity of endophytic fungal Entomopathogens against plant pathogens remains understudied compared to their well-known biocontrol activity against insect pests. Therefore, the present study was initiated to examine for the first time the antagonistic activity of the fungal Entomopathogens Beauveria bassiana (strain NATURALIS) and Metarhizium brunneum (strain BIPESCO5) against three Fusarium species (F. oxysporum, F. culmorum, and F. moniliforme) causing FCRR in vitro through dual-culture tests and in planta following the endophytic establishment of fungal Entomopathogens in pot-culture experiments. Both fungal Entomopathogens significantly inhibited all Fusarium species in vitro, with competition for niche or resources and antibiosis as modes of action. Further in planta bioassays showed that plants endophytically colonized with fungal Entomopathogens had significantly reduced FCRR incidence and severity as well as improved growth, irrespective of fungal entomopathogen or Fusarium spp. This study demonstrates for the first time the biocontrol potential of endophytic fungal Entomopathogens against several Fusarium species causing FCRR. It is also the first report for the suppressive activity of M. brunneum as an endophyte against plant pathogens.
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seed inoculation with endophytic fungal Entomopathogens promotes plant growth and reduces crown and root rot crr caused by fusarium culmorum in wheat
Planta, 2018Co-Authors: Lara R JaberAbstract:Fungal Entomopathogens, Beauveria bassiana (NATURALIS) and Metarhizium brunneum (BIPESCO5), can promote the growth of wheat following their endophytic establishment within plants through seed treatment. Similar to endophytic B. bassiana which has already been reported as a disease antagonist by several previous studies, the present study demonstrates that M. brunneum can suppress disease pathogens following plant colonization as well. An upsurge of research hints at the ability of entomopathogenic fungi, almost exclusively considered and used as insect pathogens, to endophytically colonize the internal tissues of a wide array of host plants and subsequently confer numerous benefits including enhancement of plant growth and suppression of disease pathogens. Such an ability has mainly been investigated for Beauveria bassiana. Fewer studies have demonstrated plant growth promotion by Metarhizium brunneum colonization, whereas no studies have reported on the potential of endophytic M. brunneum as a plant disease antagonist. The present study was, therefore, conducted to investigate whether seed treatment with B. bassiana (NATURALIS) and M. brunneum (BIPESCO5) could result in their endophytic establishment in wheat and promote plant growth. The study further examines the effect of the fungal strains as endophytes against Fusarium culmorum, one of the main causal agents of crown and root rot (CRR) in wheat. Both B. bassiana and M. brunneum were able to systemically colonize roots and shoots of wheat, and promote several plant growth parameters (shoot height, root length, and fresh root and shoot weights). Moreover, endophytic colonization of wheat with either fungal entomopathogen resulted in a significant reduction in disease incidence, development and severity. These results support the notion of the multiple ecological roles that could further be played by entomopathogenic fungi. Bearing such additional roles in mind while developing these fungi as microbial agents could improve the value of many commercially available mycoinsecticides.
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interactions among endophytic fungal Entomopathogens ascomycota hypocreales the green peach aphid myzus persicae sulzer homoptera aphididae and the aphid endoparasitoid aphidius colemani viereck hymenoptera braconidae
Biological Control, 2018Co-Authors: Lara R Jaber, Salaheddin ArajAbstract:Abstract Entomopathogenic fungi are typically applied as innundative sprays with the expectation of short-term pest control, but a growing number of studies demonstrate the potential of these fungi to endophytically colonize a wide variety of plants and confer longer-term protection. Endophytic colonization of plants by fungal Entomopathogens can also enable these fungi to establish intricate interactions in a tritrophic context; thus affecting other groups of natural enemies such as parasitoids. Yet to date, effects of endophytic plant colonization on parasitoids have mostly been investigated using the grass-endophyte organism systems. The present study investigates the effects of the fungal Entomopathogens Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum, following their endophytic colonization of sweet pepper Capsicum annum, on the development and fecundity of two successive generations of the green peach aphid Myzus persicae in addition to parasitism by the aphid endoparasitoid Aphidius colemani in two replicate greenhouse experiments. Plant roots were drenched with the conidial suspension of each fungal strain or sterile water, and the endophytic colonization of different plant parts (root, stem, and leaf) was confirmed 7 (when 1st generation M. persicae started feeding on caged treatment plants) and 17 (when A. colemani started parasitizing 2nd generation M. persicae reared on caged treatment plants) days post-inoculation (dpi). Inoculation with the tested fungal Entomopathogens enhanced several plant growth parameters that were sampled 7 dpi (before M. persicae infestation) and all plant growth parameters sampled 35 dpi (following infestation with two successive generations of M. persicae). Fewer numbers of aphids were found when sampling plants inoculated with both fungal strains in comparison to the control during the development and reproduction of 1st and 2nd generations of M. persicae. The negative effects of plant colonization with the inoculated fungal strains on aphid development and fecundity also included prolonged development time, delayed onset of reproduction, and reduced birth rate. On the other hand, the percentage mummification and adult emergence of A. colemani progenies parasitizing 2nd generation aphid reared on inoculated or control plants were not affected by plant colonization with B. bassiana and M. brunneum. In addition, no differences were observed in development time, percentage female, and adult longevity of A. colemani progenies among inoculated and control plants. This study presents one of very few reports of the compatible use of endophytic fungal Entomopathogens with other biological control agents, particularly parasitoids, for aphid suppression under controlled greenhouse conditions as part of an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) approach.
Yosia Mukasa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an atoxigenic l strain of aspergillus flavus eurotiales trichocomaceae is pathogenic to the coffee twig borer xylosandrus compactus coleoptera curculionidea scolytinae
Environmental Microbiology Reports, 2019Co-Authors: Yosia Mukasa, S Kyamanywa, Julius Pyton Sserumaga, Michael Otim, Venansio Tumuhaise, M Erbaugh, J P EgonyuAbstract:This study isolated and evaluated virulence of fungal Entomopathogens of Xylosandrus compactus – an important pest of Robusta coffee in Sub‐Saharan Africa. A survey was conducted in five farming systems in Uganda to isolate Entomopathogens associated with X. compactus. Four fungal isolates were screened for virulence against X. compactus in the laboratory at 1 × 10⁷ conidia ml⁻¹ where an atoxigenic L‐strain of A. flavus killed 70%–100% of all stages of X. compactus compared with other unidentified isolates which caused 20%–70% mortalities. The time taken by A. flavus to kill 50% of X. compactus eggs, larvae, pupae and adults in the laboratory was 2–3 days; whereas the other unidentified fungal isolates took 4–7 days. The concentrations of A. flavus that killed 50% of different stages of X. compactus were 5 × 10⁵, 12 × 10⁵, 17 × 10⁵ and 30 × 10⁵ conidia ml⁻¹ for larvae, eggs, pupae and adults respectively. A formulation of A. flavus in oil caused higher mortalities of X. compactus larvae, pupae and adults in the field (71%–79%) than its formulation in water (33%–47%). The atoxigenic strain of A. flavus could therefore be developed into a safe biopesticide against X. compactus.
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An atoxigenic L‐strain of Aspergillus flavus (Eurotiales: Trichocomaceae) is pathogenic to the coffee twig borer, Xylosandrus compactus (Coleoptera: Curculionidea: Scolytinae)
Environmental Microbiology Reports, 2018Co-Authors: Yosia Mukasa, S Kyamanywa, Julius Pyton Sserumaga, Michael Otim, Venansio Tumuhaise, M Erbaugh, J P EgonyuAbstract:This study isolated and evaluated virulence of fungal Entomopathogens of Xylosandrus compactus – an important pest of Robusta coffee in Sub‐Saharan Africa. A survey was conducted in five farming systems in Uganda to isolate Entomopathogens associated with X. compactus. Four fungal isolates were screened for virulence against X. compactus in the laboratory at 1 × 10⁷ conidia ml⁻¹ where an atoxigenic L‐strain of A. flavus killed 70%–100% of all stages of X. compactus compared with other unidentified isolates which caused 20%–70% mortalities. The time taken by A. flavus to kill 50% of X. compactus eggs, larvae, pupae and adults in the laboratory was 2–3 days; whereas the other unidentified fungal isolates took 4–7 days. The concentrations of A. flavus that killed 50% of different stages of X. compactus were 5 × 10⁵, 12 × 10⁵, 17 × 10⁵ and 30 × 10⁵ conidia ml⁻¹ for larvae, eggs, pupae and adults respectively. A formulation of A. flavus in oil caused higher mortalities of X. compactus larvae, pupae and adults in the field (71%–79%) than its formulation in water (33%–47%). The atoxigenic strain of A. flavus could therefore be developed into a safe biopesticide against X. compactus.
Stefan T. Jaronski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mass Production of Fungal Entomopathogens
Microbial Control of Insect and Mite Pests, 2017Co-Authors: Stefan T. Jaronski, Gabriel Moura MascarinAbstract:Hypocrealean fungi, consisting of Beauveria bassiana , Beauveria brongniartii , Isaria fumosorosea , Isaria farinosa , several Lecanicillium spp., Nomuraea rileyi , and Metarhizium spp., are being increasingly exploited worldwide for insect pest management because of the ease with which they can be produced, in contrast to other fungi, such as the Entomophthorales. A recent upsurge in commercial interest has stimulated the development of cost-effective production methods and efficient, shelf-stable formulations. Mass production and formulation play crucial roles in augmentation and inundation biocontrol strategies. The major strategies are solid substrate fermentation and submerged fermentation. This chapter reviews various aspects regarding production, downstream processing, and formulation of mycoinsecticides, with an emphasis on entomopathogenic Hypocreales.
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effects of Entomopathogens on mortality of western corn rootworm coleoptera chrysomelidae and fitness costs of resistance to cry3bb1 maize
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2014Co-Authors: Amanda M Hoffmann, Stefan T. Jaronski, Wade B French, Aaron J. GassmannAbstract:Fitness costs can delay pest resistance to crops that produce insecticidal toxins derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), and past research has found that Entomopathogens impose fitness costs of Bt resistance. In addition, Entomopathogens can be used for integrated pest management by providing biological control of pests. The western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is a major pest of maize and is currently managed by planting of Bt maize. We tested whether entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi increased mortality of western corn rootworm and whether these Entomopathogens increased fitness costs of resistance to Cry3Bb1 maize. We exposed western corn rootworm larvae to two species of nematodes, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) and Steinernema feltiae Filipjev (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), and to two species of fungi, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) (strain GHA) and Metarhizium brunneum (Metschnikoff) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) (strain F52) in two assay types, namely, seedling mat and small cup. Larval mortality increased with the concentration of H. bacteriophora and S. feltiae in the small cup assay, and with the exception of S. feltiae and B. bassiana in the seedling mat assay, mortality from Entomopathogens was significantly greater than zero for the remaining Entomopathogens in both assays. However, no fitness costs were observed in either assay type for any entomopathogen. Increased mortality of western corn rootworm larvae caused by these Entomopathogens supports their potential use in biological control; however, the lack of fitness costs suggests that Entomopathogens will not delay the evolution of Bt resistance in western corn rootworm.
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Interactions Among Bt Maize, Entomopathogens, and Rootworm Species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in the Field: Effects on Survival, Yield and Root Injury
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2013Co-Authors: Jennifer L. Petzold-maxwell, Eric H. Clifton, Mike W. Dunbar, Stefan T. Jaronski, Mark A. Jackson, Aaron J. GassmannAbstract:ABSTRACT A 2 yr field study was conducted to determine how a blend of Entomopathogens interacted with Bt maize to affect mortality of Diabrotica spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), root injury to maize (Zea maize L.) and yield. The blend of Entomopathogens included two entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, and one entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium brunneum (Metschnikoff) Sorokin. Bt maize (event DAS59122–7, which produces Bt toxin Cry34/35Ab1) decreased root injury and survival of western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) and northern corn rootworm (Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence) but did not affect yield. During year 1 of the study, when rootworm abundance was high, Entomopathogens in combination with Bt maize led to a significant reduction in root injury. In year 2 of the study, when rootworm abundance was lower, Entomopathogens significantly decreased injury to non-Bt maize roots, but had no effect on Bt maize roo...
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tritrophic interactions among bt maize an insect pest and Entomopathogens effects on development and survival of western corn rootworm
Annals of Applied Biology, 2012Co-Authors: Jennifer L Petzoldmaxwell, Stefan T. Jaronski, Aaron J. GassmannAbstract:Agricultural systems often provide a model for testing ecological hypotheses, while ecological theory can enable more effective pest management. One of the best examples of this is the interaction between host-plant resistance and natural enemies. With the advent of crops that are genetically modified to produce insecticidal toxins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), a new form of host-plant resistance has been introduced to agroecosystems. How Bt crops interact with natural enemies, especially insect pathogens in below-ground systems, is not well understood, but provides a unique opportunity to study below-ground tritrophic interactions. In this study, we used two species of entomopathogenic fungi and three species of entomopathogenic nematodes to determine how this community of soil-borne natural enemies might interact with Bt maize (event 59122, expressing the insecticidal protein Cry34/35Ab1) to affect survival and development of western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera), which is an obligate root feeder and a serious pest of maize. We ran two experiments, one in a greenhouse and one in a growth chamber. Both experiments consisted of a fully crossed design with two maize treatments (Bt maize and non-Bt maize) and two entomopathogen treatments (present or absent). The community of Entomopathogens significantly increased mortality of western corn rootworm, and Bt maize increased larval developmental time and mortality. Entomopathogens and Bt maize acted in an independent and additive manner, with both factors increasing the mortality of western corn rootworm. Results from this study suggest that Entomopathogens may complement host-plant resistance from Bt crops.