The Experts below are selected from a list of 16632 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Leonardo Torricelli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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reuse of a treated red mud bauxite waste studies on Environmental Compatibility
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2005Co-Authors: Claudia Brunori, C Cremisini, Paolo Massanisso, Valentina Pinto, Leonardo TorricelliAbstract:Abstract Red mud is the major solid waste produced in the process of alumina extraction from bauxite (Bayer process). Environmental “Compatibility” of a treated red mud was studied in order to evaluate its possible recycling in Environmental compartments. The leaching test requested by the Italian law on treated solid waste to be “re-introduced in the environment” was performed on this material. Moreover, in order to better evaluate the Environmental Compatibility, three different types of eco-toxicological tests were applied (Microtox™ test, ASTM microalgae toxicity test and sea urchin embryo toxicity test). These “chemical” and eco-toxicological tests gave encouraging results. The possibility to use this material for treating contaminated waters and soils was evaluated, again with particular attention to the Italian regulatory system, through experiments on the treated red mud metal trapping ability and on the subsequent release of trapped metals, at low pH conditions. The treated red mud showed a general high metal trapping capacity and the release at low pH was generally low.
Giuseppe Genon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evaluation of Environmental Compatibility for a Biomass Plant
Waste and Biomass Valorization, 2014Co-Authors: Deborah Panepinto, Francesca Viggiano, Giuseppe GenonAbstract:The aim of this work was to determine the local Compatibility of a biomass plant to be constructed in a small town located in Piedmont, northern Italy, to produce both electricity and heat. In order to study both the local critical impacts (on air quality) and the overall Environmental benefits (decrease of GHG generation), we performed an evaluation of the emissive flow modification for the hypothesis of activating the biomass plant in the municipal area, by considering introduced and eliminated pollutant loads. The evaluation was conducted using the tools of mass and energy balances, evaluating the pollution fluxes with an external costs methodology and pollutant dispersion models. These conclusions, numerically defined for the specific situation studied, can be considered to be fairly representative as a methodological approach to studying the effects of biomass energy plants.
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The Environmental Compatibility of biomass plants: a methodological approach
Environmental Impact II, 2014Co-Authors: Francesca Viggiano, Deborah Panepinto, Giuseppe GenonAbstract:The European Union has an ambitious goal to reach a 20% share of energy from renewable sources in the overall energy mix and so with a policy that is dictated by these objectives, the use of renewable energy in Italy and many other European countries is strongly encouraged by substantial economic subsidies. For these reasons, in Italy the use of biomass energy plants (in this context, we consider these as; the use of residues from forest maintenance, the conversion of available land for energy crops plantation, the rational destination of the solid and liquid manures of livestock and the energy recovery of food waste and waste from agro-industrial activities) are becoming increasingly popular, but it is necessary to evaluate if the use of this type of energy has an Environmental and economic convenience. With reference to specific territory situations and by considering the realistic identification of the needs for electric and thermal energy it is necessary to evaluate how much of this energy requirement can be satisfied with energy from biomass and to define the Environmental Compatibility of biomass plants. These considerations have been applied in a specific area in Italy, Piedmont region (located in North Italy). We considered the possibility to improve the satisfaction of local energy balance and also the deriving aspects of Environmental Compatibility, with an example of a methodological approach. By using the available biomass in the Piedmont region, we use the tool of energy balance in order to define the potential production of energy and then with the tool of Environmental balance, consideration about the agricultural processes, transport of biomass and localization of plants, we try to define the Environmental impact deriving from the use of solid and gas biomasses.
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Biomass Thermal Treatment: Energy Recovery, Environmental Compatibility and Determination of External Costs
Waste and Biomass Valorization, 2012Co-Authors: Deborah Panepinto, Giuseppe GenonAbstract:Climate change is the primary worldwide issue of the twenty-first century, as it threatens not only natural ecosystems but many national economies as well. Since the major contributor to climate change is the emission of greenhouse gases, switching to renewable and clean sources of energy production would result in the most immediate benefit. And one of the main energy sources in this category is biomass. In this work some preliminary evaluations are reported concerning the Environmental effects, as well as the related external costs, from both local and global points of view, of a proposed biomass plant to be constructed in Piedmont (northern Italy). The obtained results indicate that, from the local point of view, the Environmental effectiveness of the plant is related to the percentage of the thermal energy that can be transferred from the district heating network to the local domestic boilers (with subsequent replacement of the related emissions). From a global point of view, and in particular concerning greenhouse gases (GHG), the carbon dioxide produced from biomass combustion would be balanced by the quantity that is absorbed by the plants during their lifetimes. Hence by operating a biomass plant capable of producing 20 thermal MW, we can remove carbon dioxide emissions equal to about 38.368 ton/year, and avoid external costs of 728.992 €/year, if at least 30% of the produced heat can be transferred to the district heating network.
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Environmental Compatibility of renewable energy plants
Artificial Intelligence Review, 2010Co-Authors: E Brizio, Giuseppe GenonAbstract:In Italy and many European countries energy production from biomass is encouraged by strong economic subsidies so that biomass energy plants are getting large diffusion. Nevertheless, it is necessary to define the Environmental Compatibility as well as technological and economic issues dealing with the emerging renewable energy scenario. This evaluation should take into account global parameters as well as Environmental impacts at regional and local scale coming from new polluting emissions. The Environmental balances regarding new energy plants are of primary importance within very polluted areas such as Northern Italy where air quality limits are systematically exceeded, in particular for PM10, NO2 and ozone. The paper analyses the energetic and Environmental performances of renewable energy plants and compares them with traditional fossil fuel energy plants. The study is focused on the anaerobic co-digestion of manure and energy crops and the combustion of poultry manure, with reference to ammonia, CH4 and N2O releases, as well as NOx from the energetic section. The most important conclusion that can be drawn is that the production of renewable energy from anaerobic digestion, can strongly increase ammonia and NOx emissions and, in some cases, also GHG emissions could be worrying, whereas the application of best available techniques to waste gas cleaning and energy recovery allows positive emissive balances.
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risk analysis for cement and iron steel factories from the definition of best available techniques to the Environmental Compatibility assessment
Chemical engineering transactions, 2008Co-Authors: E Brizio, Giuseppe GenonAbstract:In order to establish the Environmental acceptability of large technological plants (thermo-electric plants, solid waste incinerators, cement factories, iron and steel plants) it is necessary to evaluate three main aspects, namely emission flux, consequent modification of air quality, transferred dose to population. The first aspect should be evaluated in comparison with the best technologies available for the specific process, the second phase (defined on a local or a regional basis) should be assessed within air quality improvement planning; the third aspect seems in any case the most meaningful and qualifying criterion in order to evaluate the Compatibility, as it indicates the real impact on the subject that must be protected. In order to perform the Compatibility assessment, it is necessary to identify a pathway leading from emissive flux to imposed dose (corresponding to risk); this approach involves atmospheric dispersion modelling as well as the definition of multimedia transfer mechanisms, from source to receptor. In the present paper we considered two different plants in Piedmont, NW Italy, an irons the transfer of toxic pollutants through air, fall-out, soil, inhalation, food ingestion has been considered. The sensitivity of results to variations of different parameters has been examined, and it was possible to define the most critical ones, requiring a careful sitespecific determination, and the others for which a default estimation seems to be convenient. In conclusion, it is possible to affirm that the multimedia transfer methodology is an effective tool in order to define the Environmental Compatibility, but its application cannot be carried out without the calibration of many local, site-specific transfer parameters.
Claudia Brunori - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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reuse of a treated red mud bauxite waste studies on Environmental Compatibility
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2005Co-Authors: Claudia Brunori, C Cremisini, Paolo Massanisso, Valentina Pinto, Leonardo TorricelliAbstract:Abstract Red mud is the major solid waste produced in the process of alumina extraction from bauxite (Bayer process). Environmental “Compatibility” of a treated red mud was studied in order to evaluate its possible recycling in Environmental compartments. The leaching test requested by the Italian law on treated solid waste to be “re-introduced in the environment” was performed on this material. Moreover, in order to better evaluate the Environmental Compatibility, three different types of eco-toxicological tests were applied (Microtox™ test, ASTM microalgae toxicity test and sea urchin embryo toxicity test). These “chemical” and eco-toxicological tests gave encouraging results. The possibility to use this material for treating contaminated waters and soils was evaluated, again with particular attention to the Italian regulatory system, through experiments on the treated red mud metal trapping ability and on the subsequent release of trapped metals, at low pH conditions. The treated red mud showed a general high metal trapping capacity and the release at low pH was generally low.
Jorge Frances - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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high Environmental Compatibility photopolymers compared to pva aa based materials at zero spatial frequency limit
Optical Materials, 2011Co-Authors: Sergi Gallego, Andres Marquez, Manuel Ortuno, Stephan Marini, Jorge FrancesAbstract:Abstract In holographic applications the direct parameters determination of photopolymers as optical recording media is a very difficult task due to the presence of two different phenomena: polymer formation and monomer diffusion. We propose a direct method based on zero spatial frequency recording, to eliminate the diffusion influence, and on interferometric techniques, both in transmission and in reflection, to obtain quantitative values of: shrinkage, polymerization rate, polymer refractive index and relation between polymerization and recording intensity. Recent investigations confirm the toxic potential of acrylamide. Starting from polyvinylalcohol/acrylamide photopolymer we have proposed different compositions of new competitive photopolymers with high Environmental Compatibility. We have studied the ways to optimize the optical behavior and the Environmental Compatibility. Parameters comparison with the polyvinylalcohol/acrylamide photopolymers shows significant differences.
Merrie Brucks - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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when are natural and urban environments restorative the impact of Environmental Compatibility on self control restoration
Journal of Consumer Psychology, 2016Co-Authors: Kevin P Newman, Merrie BrucksAbstract:Abstract This research investigates the role of Environmental cues found in consumer contexts on the restoration of self-control resources. In doing so, we challenge the often-repeated claim that natural environments benefit consumer well-being more than urban environments by focusing on Environmental Compatibility: the match between Environmental characteristics and an individuals' motivational orientation. Across three studies, we find that individuals high in neuroticism experience greater self-control restoration when exposed to Environmental cues associated with more anxiety while the reverse is true for individual who are low in neuroticism. Importantly, these results occur regardless of whether the Environmental cues are inherent in urban consumer contexts, like a bookstore, or natural consumer contexts, like a safari vacation experience. We find preliminary process evidence that consumers low in neuroticism require fewer attentional resources when processing Environmentally compatible cues, leading to self-control restoration.