The Experts below are selected from a list of 315 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Arianne Shahvisi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Tropicality and abjection: What do we really mean by "Neglected Tropical Diseases"?
Developing World Bioethics, 2019Co-Authors: Arianne ShahvisiAbstract:Neglected tropical diseases are defined operationally as diseases that prevail in “tropical” regions and are under‐researched, under‐funded, and under‐treated compared with their disease burden. By analysing the adjectives “tropical” and “neglected,” I expose and interrogate the discourses within which the term “neglected tropical disease” derives its meaning. First, I argue that the term “tropical” conjures the notion of “tropicality,” a form of Othering which erroneously explains the disease‐prevalence of “tropical” regions by reference to Environmental Determinism, rather than colonialism and neocolonialism. Second, I examine the way in which this Othering enables the abjection of tropical regions and their peoples, leading to neglect. I recommend that the term “neglected tropical diseases” be more carefully contextualised within health scholarship, education, and policy.
Felix Riede - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Environmental Determinism and archaeology. Red flag, red herring
Archaeological Dialogues, 2019Co-Authors: Felix RiedeAbstract:When first asked to comment upon the contribution of Arponen et al. on Environmental Determinism in archaeology – a red flag to many – I became excited that the topic is receiving attention again and, not least, that this attention is translating into printed debate. I commend the authors on their effort, also for bringing together multiple voices in their article. All too rarely do theoretical contributions translate into multiple authorship. I cannot in any way disagree with their key conclusions, namely that investigations of deep-time relations between humans and the environment are not just timely but important, and that archaeology should make full use of its rich array of data, cases and dissemination possibilities to investigate them and make them relevant in the present.
James J. Hoffman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A theoretical framework for shedding additional light on the determinants of medical practice value.
Health care management review, 2009Co-Authors: James J. Hoffman, Bradley T. Ewing, Jayne G. HoffmanAbstract:BACKGROUND: Over the years, business valuation techniques have been widely used to appraise the financial worth of medical practices. However, it has been argued that medical practices are one of the most complex and difficult types of business enterprises to value. PURPOSE: The purpose of the current study is to develop a theoretical framework that sheds additional light on the determinants of a medical practice's value and to provide practitioners with a theory-based model on which to base valuations to avoid "wild west" scenarios where individual valuators use his or her own unique models that can lead to wild variations in the value amount of the same medical practice. APPROACH: The article starts by discussing standard approaches to valuing any business including medical practices. We then develop a theoretical framework that sheds additional light on the determinants of a medical practice's value by showing how strategic choice and Environmental Determinism affect the value of a medical practice. Once the framework is developed, the practice implications related to the framework are discussed. FINDINGS: In this article, determinants of a medical practice's potential for sustained profitability are identified. Specifically, a framework is presented that shows how the combination of strategic choice and Environmental Determinism can affect a medical practice's chances of sustained profitability. Developing such a framework is an important contribution to the literature given that one of the most problematic areas of medical practice valuation is determining the factors that a valuator must assess to arrive at an appropriate fair market value for a practice. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The development of a framework that sheds additional light on the determinants of a medical practice's value is important in light of the difficulty of obtaining reliable market data regarding sales of medical practices, which tend to be closely held private entities.
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Choice situation, strategy, and performance: A reexamination
Strategic Management Journal, 1994Co-Authors: Dan Marlin, Bruce T. Lamont, James J. HoffmanAbstract:This study further examines strategy and performance relationships between and within situations of varying strategic choice and Environmental Determinism. Contrary to Lawless and Finch's (1989) previous test of Hrebiniak and Joyce's (1985) dynamic, interactive view of organizational adaptation, the results are more in line with the theory. Some discrepancies are found, however, suggesting useful issues and hypotheses for future research.
Mark B. Bush - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Environmental Determinism and neutrality in vegetation at millennial time scales
Journal of Vegetation Science, 2013Co-Authors: Alexander Correa-metrio, Jorge A. Meave, Socorro Lozano-garcía, Mark B. BushAbstract:Questions At millennial scales, is the historic evolution of tropical plant communities the result of ‘random walk’? Are presence and abundance of taxa independent of Environmental variability? Location Lake Peten-Itza, Guatemala, Central American lowlands. Methods We use an 86 000-yr-long pollen record to study the relative contribution of neutral mechanisms and Environmental Determinism in configuring vegetation in the Central American lowlands. By using variance ratios, we evaluated the role of neutral drift at community and functional group levels. Additionally, regression analyses were applied to explain persistence and abundance of individual taxa as a function of regional moisture availability and fire frequency. Results Environmental fluctuations drove vegetation dynamics in the Central American lowlands during the late Pleistocene. When the data set was stratified according to moisture availability and fire frequency, variance ratios further supported our findings. Regression analyses revealed that whereas species’ presence was independent of both moisture availability and fire frequency, their abundance was closely associated with both. Conclusions Neutrality, probably expressed in the face of stressors, through factors such as the existence of microrefugia, survival of relictual individuals and phenotypic and phenologic plasticity, was probably crucial in preventing biodiversity losses. Climate, however, was the main driver of vegetation dynamics in the Yucatan Peninsula during the late Pleistocene.
Marcus Colchester - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Self‐Determination or Environmental Determinism for Indigenous Peoples in Tropical Forest Conservation
Conservation Biology, 2000Co-Authors: Marcus ColchesterAbstract:Advocates of people-free parks argue that human occupation of tropical forests inevitably results in a loss of biodiversity, notably through the elimination of top predators and the consequent disruption of ecosystems. Schwartzman et al. (this issue) do a good job countering this simplistic view, both by questioning its empirical basis and by arguing that protected areas need human occupants to defend them. In an increasingly globalized and liberalized world, conservationists cannot rely on beleaguered state bureaucracies to defend isolated, protected areas of high biodiversity (Colchester 1998 b ). Strictly protected areas need to be implanted within much larger managed landscapes occupied by human beings who also care about the environment and the well-being of future generations. The actual relations between local communities and their natural environments are, of course, extremely diverse and vary not just between societies and over time but also between different localities. Indigenous peoples, as a polythetic and self-ascribed class of human societies, may be more respectful of their local environments than most societies, owing to their close ties with their ancestral lands, their common property management regimes, and their sense of holding lands in trust for future generations (Ostrom 1990; Kempf 1993; Western & Wright 1994; Kothari et al. 1996; Stevens 1997). Conservationists, whatever their misgivings about the abilities of indigenous peoples to manage their environments sustainably, have to start their interventions with the reality that exists on the ground (West & Brechin 1991). It is now recognized that as many as 85% of the world’s protected areas are inhabited by indigenous peoples (Alcorn 2000), and most remaining areas of tropical forests with high biodiversity are also owned or claimed by them (Weber et al. 2000). It makes more sense for conservationists to work with these peoples than to cast them into the role of Environmental villains and expel them from their homelands. To choose the latter course is a sure route to social conflict and political instability (Colchester 1994; Ghimire & Pimbert 1997). There are other compelling reasons that conservationists should collaborate with indigenous peoples, not least because to do otherwise would be to violate international law. Indigenous peoples’ rights, inter alia , to the use, ownership, management, and control of their traditional lands and territories are recognized in International Labour Organisation Convention 169 (International Labour Organisation 1989). Their right to self-determination has been acknowledged by the United Nations Subcommittee on the Elimination of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities and the United Nations Human Rights Committee (Kambel & MacKay 1999). The Convention on Biological Diversity, signed into being in 1992 and now ratified by 171 countries, likewise emphasizes the need to protect customary use of biological resources. In 1994 the World Conservation Union (1994) revised its system of protected-area categories to allow others, including indigenous peoples and not just state agencies, to own and manage protected areas. The existing and emerging rights of indigenous peoples in international law have been endorsed by mainstream conservation organisations such as the WorldWide Fund for Nature (International) (1996) and the World Conservation Union (1997 a , 1997 b ). Recently, the World Commission on Protected Areas et al. (1999) published guidelines for recognizing indigenous rights in protected areas.
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self determination or Environmental Determinism for indigenous peoples in tropical forest conservation
Conservation Biology, 2000Co-Authors: Marcus ColchesterAbstract:Advocates of people-free parks argue that human occupation of tropical forests inevitably results in a loss of biodiversity, notably through the elimination of top predators and the consequent disruption of ecosystems. Schwartzman et al. (this issue) do a good job countering this simplistic view, both by questioning its empirical basis and by arguing that protected areas need human occupants to defend them. In an increasingly globalized and liberalized world, conservationists cannot rely on beleaguered state bureaucracies to defend isolated, protected areas of high biodiversity (Colchester 1998 b ). Strictly protected areas need to be implanted within much larger managed landscapes occupied by human beings who also care about the environment and the well-being of future generations. The actual relations between local communities and their natural environments are, of course, extremely diverse and vary not just between societies and over time but also between different localities. Indigenous peoples, as a polythetic and self-ascribed class of human societies, may be more respectful of their local environments than most societies, owing to their close ties with their ancestral lands, their common property management regimes, and their sense of holding lands in trust for future generations (Ostrom 1990; Kempf 1993; Western & Wright 1994; Kothari et al. 1996; Stevens 1997). Conservationists, whatever their misgivings about the abilities of indigenous peoples to manage their environments sustainably, have to start their interventions with the reality that exists on the ground (West & Brechin 1991). It is now recognized that as many as 85% of the world’s protected areas are inhabited by indigenous peoples (Alcorn 2000), and most remaining areas of tropical forests with high biodiversity are also owned or claimed by them (Weber et al. 2000). It makes more sense for conservationists to work with these peoples than to cast them into the role of Environmental villains and expel them from their homelands. To choose the latter course is a sure route to social conflict and political instability (Colchester 1994; Ghimire & Pimbert 1997). There are other compelling reasons that conservationists should collaborate with indigenous peoples, not least because to do otherwise would be to violate international law. Indigenous peoples’ rights, inter alia , to the use, ownership, management, and control of their traditional lands and territories are recognized in International Labour Organisation Convention 169 (International Labour Organisation 1989). Their right to self-determination has been acknowledged by the United Nations Subcommittee on the Elimination of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities and the United Nations Human Rights Committee (Kambel & MacKay 1999). The Convention on Biological Diversity, signed into being in 1992 and now ratified by 171 countries, likewise emphasizes the need to protect customary use of biological resources. In 1994 the World Conservation Union (1994) revised its system of protected-area categories to allow others, including indigenous peoples and not just state agencies, to own and manage protected areas. The existing and emerging rights of indigenous peoples in international law have been endorsed by mainstream conservation organisations such as the WorldWide Fund for Nature (International) (1996) and the World Conservation Union (1997 a , 1997 b ). Recently, the World Commission on Protected Areas et al. (1999) published guidelines for recognizing indigenous rights in protected areas.