The Experts below are selected from a list of 542430 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Gerald C. Nelson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Herbicides, glyphosate resistance and acute mammalian toxicity: simulating an Environmental Effect of glyphosate-resistant weeds in the USA.
Pest management science, 2008Co-Authors: Justin G. Gardner, Gerald C. NelsonAbstract:BACKGROUND: With the emergence of glyphosate-resistant (GR) weeds, the Environmental consequences of alternatives to GR technology are of increasing importance. A well-known acute mammalian toxicity measure, the LD50 dose for rats, is used to assess one potential Environmental impact of the loss of GR technology. A new dataset with this index is used to estimate and simulate the Effects for corn, soybeans and cotton. RESULTS: With conventional tillage it is found that the use of GR seeds reduces the number of LD50 doses applied per hectare by 17–98% depending on crop. With no-till, the use of GR seeds reduces LD50 doses only in corn. If farmers switch to conventional seeds because of GR weeds but maintain the same tillage practice, the present simulations suggest that LD50 doses could increase by as much as 100 LD50 doses per hectare in soybeans, and 500 LD50 doses per hectare in cotton, or 11.4 and 19.8% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to use field-level data to assess GR technology with a mammalian toxicity Environmental indicator. It has been found that GR crops have a positive Environmental Effect, and that alternatives to GR technology increase toxicity. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
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Simulating a relative Environmental Effect of glyphosate-resistant soybeans
Ecological Economics, 2003Co-Authors: Gerald C. Nelson, David S. BullockAbstract:Abstract Great controversy surrounds the potential Environmental Effects of genetically modified crops (GMOs). Of the GM crops currently in commercial use, glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybeans have probably received the most attention from both proponents and opponents of GMOs. GR soybeans are an example of an input-substituting technological innovation. Adoption is a private decision, based on the adopter's assessment of private costs and benefits, but may also have external Effects. Measuring and valuing these Effects completely is not possible today. Environmental indicators are attempts to find more easily measured proxies for the external Effects. We present an Environmental indicator based on a standardized, well-known acute mammalian toxicity measure, the LD50 dose for rats. We use this indicator to compare an Environmental Effect of the use of GR genetically modified soybeans to the use of non-modified soybeans for over 1400 US Midwest farms. This indicator is superior to previous indicators used to assess Environmental Effects of GR soybeans that rely on adding up volumes of different herbicides. The indicator allows for consistent aggregation of a specific Environmental Effect across many different pesticides. Furthermore, the methodology can be used to compare Environmental Effects for many other types of technology choices since values are mandated for all pesticides. Our simulation results suggest that GR soybean seed technology is more Environmentally friendly than non-GR technology for all farms in the dimension of acute mammalian toxicity. The Effect is generally more pronounced in the South where a longer growing season makes overall weed pressure more serious and presents soybean growers with a greater variety of weed species.
Zhao Xiaodan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Environmental Effect analysis of the application of ground source heat pump
2009 4th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, 2009Co-Authors: Zhang Chao, Zhou Guanghui, Zhao XiaodanAbstract:The ground source heat pump is regarded as an advanced technology of high efficiency, energy conservation, and Environmental protection, favorable for durative development. It is also regarded as the best efficient air conditioning technology providing both heating and cooling in the 21th century. However, the environment has been affected in great degree for the wide application of the ground source heat pump. In the paper, the Environmental Effect of the application of the surface water heat pump, the underground water heat pump and the ground-coupled heat pump have respectively been analyzed in detail, and the possible settling programs have also been discussed.
David S. Bullock - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Simulating a relative Environmental Effect of glyphosate-resistant soybeans
Ecological Economics, 2003Co-Authors: Gerald C. Nelson, David S. BullockAbstract:Abstract Great controversy surrounds the potential Environmental Effects of genetically modified crops (GMOs). Of the GM crops currently in commercial use, glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybeans have probably received the most attention from both proponents and opponents of GMOs. GR soybeans are an example of an input-substituting technological innovation. Adoption is a private decision, based on the adopter's assessment of private costs and benefits, but may also have external Effects. Measuring and valuing these Effects completely is not possible today. Environmental indicators are attempts to find more easily measured proxies for the external Effects. We present an Environmental indicator based on a standardized, well-known acute mammalian toxicity measure, the LD50 dose for rats. We use this indicator to compare an Environmental Effect of the use of GR genetically modified soybeans to the use of non-modified soybeans for over 1400 US Midwest farms. This indicator is superior to previous indicators used to assess Environmental Effects of GR soybeans that rely on adding up volumes of different herbicides. The indicator allows for consistent aggregation of a specific Environmental Effect across many different pesticides. Furthermore, the methodology can be used to compare Environmental Effects for many other types of technology choices since values are mandated for all pesticides. Our simulation results suggest that GR soybean seed technology is more Environmentally friendly than non-GR technology for all farms in the dimension of acute mammalian toxicity. The Effect is generally more pronounced in the South where a longer growing season makes overall weed pressure more serious and presents soybean growers with a greater variety of weed species.
Liu-chun Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Environmental Effect of vegetation restoration on degraded ecosystem in low subtropical China.
Journal of environmental sciences (China), 2003Co-Authors: Shao-lin Peng, Liu-chun YangAbstract:The Environmental Effect of degraded ecosystem's vegetation restoration in low subtropical China was studied. Results indicated that the vegetation recovery on degraded lands significantly ameliorates surrounding environment, increases species diversity, improves soil structure, raises soil fertility, enhances productivity, and promotes regional agricultural production and social economic development dramatically. Through the combining engineering and biological measures, the restoration of degraded ecosystem in low subtropical area is possible and economical. The restoration experience in Xiaoliang, Wuhua and other sites are valuable for other degraded subtropical area was introduced.
Liuqingqing Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Environmental Effect of flattening administrative structure on local water quality: A county-level analysis of China’s County-Power-Expansion reform
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020Co-Authors: Deyong Song, Qi Zhang, Liuqingqing YangAbstract:Abstract This paper examines the Environmental Effect of flattening administrative structure on local water quality. By taking the County-Power-Expansion reform as a quasi-natural experiment for delayering, we employ the Generalized Difference-in-Differences (GDD) model and a unique county-level dataset from 2004 to 2010 to examine the impact of this reform on county water pollution. The results show that, after this reform, the water pollution indicators of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), NH3–N, and Permanganate in pilot counties decrease by 21.9%, 21.8%, and 14.3%, respectively, while dissolved oxygen (DO) as a reverse pollution index increases by 5.74%. Through the identification of intermediary mechanisms, this paper finds that the structure upgrading Effect, the fiscal improvement Effect, and demand anti-driving Effect are the main factors. In conclusion, delayering can significantly improve local Environmental performance. It provides a new direction for the local government to implement a comprehensive flattening structural reform and win the battle against severe Environmental pollution.