The Experts below are selected from a list of 5040 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ya-yen Sun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a framework to account for the tourism carbon footprint at island destinations
Tourism Management, 2014Co-Authors: Ya-yen SunAbstract:Given concerns over greenhouse gases and the role of tourism in generating such Environmental Externality, a consistent carbon measurement framework is needed. This paper combines principles derived from production and consumption accounting measures to better allocate the responsibility for carbon emissions. Utilizing a boundary that includes domestic tourism expenditure, inbound tourism expenditure, and local spending associated with outbound travel, this paper (a) proposes a framework to measure the domestic total carbon effect and foreign-sourced effect, and (b) applies the analytical framework to Taiwan. The empirical study indicates that the carbon emissions for domestic tourism industries, international aviation, and imports accounted for 47%, 28% and 25% of the tourism carbon footprint. It is suggested that an island's dependence on both aviation and international trade leads to a larger share of emissions outside their geographic territory with respect to tourism development.
Paolo Dodorico - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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global unsustainable virtual water flows in agricultural trade
Environmental Research Letters, 2019Co-Authors: Lorenzo Rosa, Davide Danilo Chiarelli, Maria Cristina Rulli, Paolo DodoricoAbstract:Author(s): Rosa, Lorenzo; Chiarelli, Davide Danilo; Tu, Chengyi; Rulli, Maria Cristina; D'Odorico, Paolo | Abstract: Recent studies have highlighted the reliance of global food production on unsustainable irrigation practices, which deplete freshwater stocks and Environmental flows, and consequently impair aquatic ecosystems. Unsustainable irrigation is driven by domestic and international demand for agricultural products. Research on the Environmental consequences of trade has often concentrated on the global displacement of pollution and land use, while the effect of trade on water sustainability and the drying of over-depleted watercourses has seldom been recognized and quantified. Here we evaluate unsustainable irrigation water consumption (UWC) associated with global crop production and determine the share of UWC embedded in international trade. We find that, while about 52% of global irrigation is unsustainable, 15% of it is virtually exported, with an average 18% increase between year 2000 and 2015. About 60% of global virtual transfers of UWC are driven by exports of cotton, sugar cane, fruits, and vegetables. One third of UWC in Mexico, Spain, Turkmenistan, South Africa, Morocco, and Australia is associated with demand from the export markets. The globalization of water through trade contributes to running rivers dry, an Environmental Externality commonly overlooked by trade policies. By identifying the producing and consuming countries that are responsible for unsustainable irrigation embedded in virtual water trade, this study highlights trade links in which policies are needed to achieve sustainable water and food security goals in the coming decades.
Xiaoli Zhao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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industrial relocation and energy consumption evidence from china
Energy Policy, 2011Co-Authors: Xiaoli ZhaoAbstract:With economic development and the change of industrial structure, industrial relocation is an inevitable trend. In the process of industrial relocation, Environmental Externality and social cost could occur due to market failure and government failure. Little attention has been paid to this issue. In this paper, we address it with a theoretical analysis and an empirical investigation on the relationship between China's industrial relocation in the early 1990s and energy consumption which is the primary source of CO2 emission, an Environmental Externality that causes increasing concerns. The macro-policy analysis suggests that there would be a positive link between China's industrial relocation in the early 1990s and energy saving (and Environmental externalities reduction). Using fixed-effect regression model and simulation method, we provide an empirical support to this argument. In order to further reduce Environmental externalities and social cost in the process of industrial relocation, we provide policy suggestions as follows: First, strengthen the evaluation of Environmental benefits/costs; Second, pay more attention to the coordinated social-economic development; Third, avoid long-lived investment in high-carbon infrastructure in areas with industries moved in; Fourth, address employment issue in the areas with industries moved out.
Aakrit Joshi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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economic trade offs between hydroelectricity production and Environmental externalities a case for local Externality mitigation fund
Renewable Energy, 2018Co-Authors: Veeshan Rayamajhee, Aakrit JoshiAbstract:Abstract Many proposed solutions for mitigating Environmental externalities from hydroelectricity generation raise equity concerns and do not adequately address uncertainties and fluctuations in energy production. To balance the disparity caused by locally concentrated negative externalities and nationally or globally dispersed benefits, this study makes a case for the adoption of a locally negotiated endogenous Externality mitigation fund (EMF) – one that directly compensates individuals for the specific Environmental Externality – as a policy alternative to lump-sum taxation and/or indirect measures such as integrating Externality costs into energy prices. Using downstream crop damage due to the restricted flow of water as a representative Externality, we employ optimal control framework to conduct comparative analyses of exogenous and endogenous EMFs relative to the base case with no EMF. Our findings show that endogenous EMF, when compared to the base case, reduces crop loss by 87.5% with a corresponding energy production trade-off of 11.8%. On the other hand, exogenous EMF, contrary to its purported intent, exacerbates Externality by incentivizing the firm to increase production to self-compensate for the payment towards the fund. Results indicate that endogenizing the EMF is preferable because the consequential reduction in energy production is economically outweighed by the Externality damages avoided.
Xinye Zheng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Environmental Externality of coal use in china welfare effect and tax regulation
Applied Energy, 2015Co-Authors: Zhanming Chen, Yu Liu, Ping Qin, Bo Zhang, Leo Lester, Guanghua Chen, Yumei Guo, Xinye ZhengAbstract:This study employs a multi-regional input–output model at the provincial level to evaluate the Environmental costs of coal burning in China in 2007, in terms of its damages from climate change Externality. According to the results, the contributions of central-west provinces to the national economy are significantly underestimated because the hidden Environmental inputs are not reflected by conventional national account. For example, if the Externality of CO2 emission is monetized to be 20USD/ton (152RMB/ton), the net external cost introduced by Shanxi in 2007 amounts to nearly 8billion USD (59billion RMB), which is equivalent to over one tenth of the annual local output. Our results confirm that developed regions, such as Beijing and Guangdong, shape their low-emission profiles by transferring embodied emission flows to less developed regions. By using a Pigouvian tax to correct for the Environmental Externality, national consumer price index, producer price index, export price, and gross domestic product deflator will increase by 2.28%, 3.94%, 1.44%, and 1.61%, respectively. To offset the inflationary effect, a complementary measure of reducing domestic value-added tax rate is proposed and analyzed.